Green Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in biodegradable polymer blends and their biocomposites: a comprehensive review","authors":"Kehinde Olonisakin, Amar K. Mohanty, Mahendra Thimmanagari and Manjusri Misra","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01294E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01294E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing environmental concerns over plastic pollution and sustainability have led to increased interest in biodegradable polymers as alternatives to conventional plastics. This concern has led to the United Nations resolution of March 2022 calling for urgent action to eradicate plastic pollution globally by 2040 as more than 90% of the global plastic production from 2018 to 2022 was fossil-based, significantly contributing to plastic pollution. In response, there has been a growing shift towards sustainable materials, with biodegradable polymers emerging as a critical solution to mitigate the environmental impacts. However, the properties of biodegradable polymers are at variance with conventional fossil-based plastics in many applications. One way to solve this problem is to re-engineer their properties through polymer blending, a strategy that combines the properties of two or more polymers, aided by compatibilization to improve polymer miscibility and properties. While numerous reviews have focused on biodegradable polymer blends, this article offers a unique contribution by comprehensively examining both biodegradable polymer blends and their reinforced biocomposites within a single review, an area that has seen limited coverage in recent years. This review discusses recent advancements in biodegradable polymer blends and reinforced biocomposites, focusing on material properties, compatibilization techniques, and environmental impact. Key biodegradable polymer blends and reinforced biocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) are discussed, with a focus on miscibility, compatibilization and the effects on properties. It was found that compatibilizers such as maleic anhydride, dicumyl peroxide, and Joncryl play significant roles in polymer blend miscibility kinetics and compatibility while fillers such as turmeric, cinnamon, coffee ground powder, and rice straw have contributed to improving the mechanical properties and biodegradability of composites. This combined approach of blending and filler reinforcement represents a critical innovation for producing high-performance biodegradable materials. The review examines applications in packaging, agriculture, and biomedical fields, along with the environmental impacts of these materials, such as their biodegradation pathways and ecotoxicity. Lastly, the review discusses future outlooks, including potential breakthroughs and integrating biodegradable polymers into the circular economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 38","pages":" 11656-11704"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc01294e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on sequential catalysis for higher alcohols: overcoming barriers in direct CO2 hydrogenation","authors":"Abdulaziz A. M. Abahussain, Fahd A. Nasr, Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh, Padmanabhan Sambandam, Mohammed Al-zharani, Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, Nadavala Siva Kumar, Sulaiman A. Alsalamah, Ganesan Subbiah, Guganathan Loganathan, Saravanan Palanivelu, Shoba Gunasekaran, Kavitha Chandrasekaran and Tamizhdurai Perumal","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03160E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03160E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent years, the escalation of global warming driven largely by rising carbon dioxide (CO<small>₂</small>) emissions has intensified the urgency to develop innovative solutions for reducing greenhouse gases. One promising avenue is the transformation of CO<small>₂</small> into higher alcohols, which not only offers a pathway to valuable chemical products but also utilizes CO<small>₂</small> as a renewable carbon source. The procedure of directly hydrogenating CO<small>₂</small> to create higher alcohols has received a lot of interest, but it is fundamentally complicated. It involves multiple reaction steps and requires multifunctional catalysts with well-orchestrated active sites to drive the various transformations efficiently. Achieving precise nanoscale control over these catalytic interfaces remains a significant barrier to advancing this direct route. An alternate approach to overcoming these constraints is the adoption of sequential catalytic reactions, including olefin hydration, syngas conversion, CO<small>₂</small>-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, methanol formation, and the reverse WGS reaction. Instead of depending on a single-step transformation, this tandem strategy couples separate, proven processes to enable the inverse process of turning CO<small>₂</small> into higher alcohols. This review critically explores these indirect routes for synthesizing higher alcohols from CO<small>₂</small>. It begins by evaluating the thermodynamic constraints and selectivity challenges associated with direct CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation. The discussion then shifts to the concept of physically integrating multiple catalysts to create systems with complementary functionalities. Various conversion pathways are outlined, alongside advanced catalysts designed for each specific step. In conclusion, the strengths and drawbacks of these methodologies are compared, highlighting the considerable promise of tandem reaction networks as a viable and efficient route for upgrading CO<small>₂</small> into higher alcohols.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 38","pages":" 11607-11655"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct C(sp3)–H chloromethylation through CH2Cl2 activation using non-thermal plasma","authors":"Fabian Bruel, Gabriel Morand, Stéphanie Ognier, Pierre Dedieu, Alain Favre-Réguillon, Cyril Ollivier, Louis Fensterbank and Michael Tatoulian","doi":"10.1039/D5GC02405F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC02405F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Non-thermal plasma has been implemented for chemical activation of CH<small>₂</small>Cl<small>₂</small> in a continuous flow gas–liquid system operating at ambient temperature and pressure. In this study, we present a direct and catalyst-free approach for the chloromethylation of saturated hydrocarbons. The reaction test resulted in the functionalization of cyclohexane without a catalyst or additives, achieving a total yield of 30% of chlorinated products with a residence time of 60 s. The influence of substrate concentration, gas/liquid flow ratio, energy density and residence time was studied, which resulted in a proposal of reaction pathway where the reaction is initiated by the C–Cl dissociation in CH<small>₂</small>Cl<small>₂</small>, followed by H-abstraction on C(sp<small>³</small>)–H and radical recombination. These mechanistic insights provide valuable knowledge for the advancement of plasma chemistry. Furthermore, the use of deuterated dichloromethane allows the introduction of deuterium into saturated hydrocarbons.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 38","pages":" 11857-11869"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical upgrading of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via a defect-rich NiCo2O4 array","authors":"Xiao Zhou, Zhixian Mao, Wen Li, Zeting Gong, Wanxin Liu, Yi Li, Di Yin, Yijin Wu, Yongsheng Yao and Xiaolin Wei","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03049H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03049H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Regulation of the surface evolution and kinetic behavior of interfacial molecules by defect engineering is significant for the efficient production of the value-added chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA) through the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR). Herein, a precatalyst array (NiCo<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>-mV) assembled from NiCo<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> nanoparticles (∼10 nm) with mixed-ionic defect species (m-Ds) was synthesized. <em>In situ</em> Raman spectroscopy shows that as the potential increases, the partial surface of NiCo<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>-mV formed an NiCo<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>/NiCoO(OH) heterojunction on the catalyst surface. <em>Operando</em> ATR-SEIRAS and DE-MS measurements further reveal that the built-in electric field derived from this heterojunction leads to a decrease in the coverage of adsorbed water molecules at the electrode–electrolyte interface, thereby promoting the adsorption and efficient mass transfer of HMF molecules, ultimately obtaining an industrial-level current density (1 A@1.636 V). This work further elucidates the structure–activity relationship for defect-rich precatalysts in the electrooxidation of organic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 37","pages":" 11517-11529"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc03049h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The discovery of new metagenomic urethanases utilising a novel colorimetric assay for applications in the biodegradation of polyurethanes.","authors":"Silvia Anselmi, Yeke Ni, Alessia Tonoli, Jingyue Wu, Yu Wang, Luba Prout, Mark Miodownik, Jack W E Jeffries, Helen C Hailes","doi":"10.1039/d5gc03560k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc03560k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzymatic molecular recycling of plastics is of increasing interest, where polymers are converted into monomers for reuse or upcycled into value added chemicals. Polyurethanes are an important class of synthetic hydrolysable polymers found in textiles as an elastane component, also known as lycra and spandex, with most post-consumer waste currently disposed of in landfill. Here we have identified three active novel urethane hydrolytic enzymes from a drain metagenome able to breakdown methylenedianiline-based elastane model substrates. In addition, we have established a new colorimetric assay, suitable for high-throughput applications using tyrosinases. For the urethanases identified, the reaction conditions and substrate scope were explored. Finally, the urethanases and assay were used with commercial fabrics, demonstrating breakdown of the polymer.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-light-driven TTST enables divergent synthesis of trifluoromethylated and trifluoromethylthiolated products through chemo- and regioselectivity","authors":"Shuo Li, Hao Zheng, Yuyan Xu, Chuchu Xie, Jie Sun and Zhiwei Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5GC02793D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC02793D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel metal-free, additive-free, and mild synthetic strategy has been developed, which utilizes <em>S</em>-trifluoromethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TTST) as a multifunctional fluorine source under ambient conditions to achieve precise molecular modification. This study represents the first successful realization of dual control over the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of TTST reagents, enabling the construction of a diverse molecular library that includes C2-trifluoromethyl indoles, C3-trifluoromethylthio indoles, trifluoromethylated heterocycles, and fused-ring trifluoromethylthio compounds. Through precise regulation of reaction pathways, we have established a TTST-based multi-level divergent synthesis platform. This system not only exhibits exceptional synthetic efficiency and broad substrate scope but also embodies significant green chemistry merits, such as mild reaction conditions, the absence of transition metal catalysts, and the avoidance of any additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 37","pages":" 11466-11474"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the environmental and human health impact in the synthesis and processing of metal halide perovskite active layers using GVL","authors":"Filippo Campana, Daniela Lanari, Filippo De Angelis and Luigi Vaccaro","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03582A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03582A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) offer a potential alternative to crystalline silicon solar cells in terms of efficiency. Despite the impressive reported efficiencies exceeding 26%, the widespread uptake of perovskite solar cells still faces significant challenges, such as the use of lead precursors and hazardous reaction and processing media for their production. In fact, commonly used solvents such as <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylformamide (DMF) or γ-butyrolactone (GBL) are particularly concerning due to their inherent hazards and toxicity, posing substantial risks to both environmental and human health. Safer alternatives, such as the biomass-derived γ-valerolactone (GVL) solvent, could alleviate such concerns. To evaluate the impact of various perovskite components, particularly the environmental and human health footprint associated with the use of specific solvents, we report a life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis on the synthesis and further processing of prototypical perovskite active layers. The characterization confirmed that GVL can mitigate the footprint of 17.8% and 15.9% compared to GBL and DMF respectively in the synthesis of MAPbI<small>₃</small>, and 23.4% and 18.4% in comparison with GBL and DMF when producing FAPbI<small>₃</small>. Moreover, the study highlights that designing greener, less impactful organic and metal cations is essential for significantly reducing the environmental footprint of MHP layers manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 38","pages":" 11903-11913"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc03582a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding value to terpenoids: from pseudoionone to 1-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene","authors":"Alexandre Damiani, Lars Faber, Batoul Karim, Christian Bruneau, Wagner A. Carvalho, Dalmo Mandelli and Cédric Fischmeister","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03364K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03364K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alkenes and conjugated dienes play an important role in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. Being essentially fossil-based materials, there is a strong interest in developing alternative ways to obtain such compounds from renewable resources. In this study, we report the synthesis of 1-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, a cyclic conjugated diene that is rarely reported in the literature and not widely available commercially. This compound is synthesized from pseudoionone using ruthenium-catalysed ring closing olefin metathesis transformation. Mesityl oxide, a known chemical with wide applications, is concomitantly obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 38","pages":" 11809-11815"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc03364k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting multi-enzyme cascade activity for glucose biosynthesis by kinetics-oriented grouped immobilization","authors":"Ruobing Xin, Yuyao Wang, Qiang Chen, Jiangang Yang, Yujun Wang and Guangsheng Luo","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03123K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03123K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The biosynthesis of glucose (C6 compound) from CO<small>₂</small> (C1 compound) represents a highly promising pathway toward sustainable carbon neutrality, requiring ordered multi-enzyme cascade catalysis. However, conventional co-immobilization of multiple enzymes follows an all-in-one approach that struggles to reconcile enzyme compatibility and efficiency. Based on kinetic decoupling, this study introduces a novel strategy of grouped enzyme immobilization to construct a rational multi-enzyme cascade catalytic system. Five enzymes were divided into two groups—upstream (DHAK, TPI, and FSA) and downstream (PGI and G6PP)—and immobilized on the D301 resin to reduce random substrate diffusion and improve cascade efficiency. Compared to all-in-one co-immobilization, this strategy led to a 6.65-fold improvement in glucose yield (508.5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) within 2 h. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that enzymes with higher surface charge form stronger electrostatic bonds with the resin, whereas larger enzymes exhibit weaker binding and greater desorption tendencies, leading to reduced operational stability upon repeated use. The integration of the immobilized enzymes into a packed-bed microreactor enabled stable production of glucose for 12 h of continuous-flow, achieving a space–time yield of 105.9 mg h<small>⁻¹</small> L<small>⁻¹</small>. These findings highlight the potential of grouped immobilization on inexpensive carriers for scalable and continuous sugar biomanufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 37","pages":" 11380-11391"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-encapsulated FeNi nanoparticles for efficient magnetically induced levulinic acid hydrogenation","authors":"Tatiana Zanette, Adrián García-Zaragoza, Jaime Mazarío, Jordan Santiago Martinez, Bruno Chaudret, Christian Cerezo-Navarrete and Pascual Oña-Burgos","doi":"10.1039/D5GC03853G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC03853G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing robust and efficient catalysts for magnetic induction heating (MIH) offers a sustainable approach for biomass valorization under mild conditions. Herein, we report a green and scalable synthetic method to prepare FeNi-based magnetic nanoparticles (MagNPs), with different atomic compositions, encapsulated in N-doped graphitic carbon (<strong>Fe<small>₁</small>Ni<small>_<em>X</em></small>@N-G</strong>), <em>via</em> single-step pyrolysis of glucose and urea. These bimetallic nanoparticles serve both as efficient heating agents and active catalysts. Among them, <strong>Fe<small>₁</small>Ni<small>_0.25</small>@N-G</strong> demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in the magnetically induced hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) in aqueous solution, achieving full conversion and complete selectivity to γ-valerolactone (GVL) under mild conditions (63 mT, 320 kHz, 2 kW). Furthermore, the reactivity of <strong>Fe<small>₁</small>Ni<small>_0.25</small>@N-G</strong> was tested in the magnetically induced hydrogenation of other biomass-derived substrates of interest, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levoglucosenone, and vanillin, showing good activity and selectivity in all cases under mild reaction conditions. Finally, the robust encapsulation of the FeNi NPs in N-doped graphitic carbon strongly improved the stability of the catalyst in aqueous media, enabling its reuse up to four times under acidic conditions (pH ∼2), for LA hydrogenation, and up to eight times under neutral conditions, such as HMF.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 37","pages":" 11438-11454"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc03853g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}