Green ChemistryPub Date : 2026-07-06Epub Date: 2026-05-29DOI: 10.1039/d5gc06662j
Md. Reazuddin Repon, Ali R. Tehrani-Bagha
{"title":"Color stripping of dyed textile waste","authors":"Md. Reazuddin Repon, Ali R. Tehrani-Bagha","doi":"10.1039/d5gc06662j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc06662j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing accumulation of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW), driven by fast fashion trends and growing consumer demands, poses significant threats to environmental safety. This waste is difficult to recycle due to the persistent nature of synthetic dyes, which hinder fiber regeneration and reuse. Color stripping (CS), the process of removing dyes from fabrics, holds potential as an important solution to enhance the possibility of textile reusing/recycling. Chemical approaches, including oxidative and reductive methods, are widely applied for CS, but concerns about fiber degradation and the toxicity of effluents produced during the process remain substantial. Biological methods using fungal enzymes offer eco-friendly alternatives, but they are often limited by much slower reaction rates and higher costs. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and solvent-based techniques show promising potential for more efficient dye removal. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the recent advancements in CS technologies for dyed PCTW, focusing on the performance and influencing parameters of CS efficiency, such as time, temperature, pH, bleaching agent concentration, and dye types. Despite the progress in CS technologies, significant challenges remain, particularly in terms of optimizing efficiency and sustainability. This review also highlights future directions for developing more sustainable and efficient dye removal strategies, which are crucial for achieving closed-loop circularity in the textile industry and minimizing the environmental impact of textile waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 10773-10806"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green ChemistryPub Date : 2026-07-06Epub Date: 2026-06-17DOI: 10.1039/d6gc01358a
Hao Wang, Hongda Wu, Tianfeng Cai, Zhanxu Yang
{"title":"Precise anchoring of pre-oxidation sites via Zn–O–C chemical bonding for enhanced sodium storage in pitch-derived hard carbon","authors":"Hao Wang, Hongda Wu, Tianfeng Cai, Zhanxu Yang","doi":"10.1039/d6gc01358a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc01358a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of global carbon neutrality, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a pivotal technology for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, the development of low-cost, high-performance anode materials remains a critical bottleneck. Pitch, a byproduct of petroleum refining, is an ideal precursor for hard carbon anodes due to its high availability and carbon yield. Nevertheless, low-softening-point pitch tends to undergo severe melting and agglomeration during conventional pre-oxidation, leading to inhomogeneous oxidation and excessive ordered stacking of carbon layers, which significantly restricts its sodium storage performance. Herein, we develop a green and energy-efficient Zn–O–C chemical crosslinking-assisted pre-oxidation strategy. By incorporating low-toxicity zinc acetate <em>via</em> liquid-phase blending at the molecular level, Zn–O–C coordination bonds are formed, which precisely anchor the pre-oxidation sites and fundamentally suppress the melting of pitch. The resultant hard carbon features a highly disordered structure, expanded interlayer spacing, and a large number of ultramicropores. It achieves a reversible capacity of 322 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 30 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, along with a significantly enhanced low-voltage plateau capacity, outstanding rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. Combined <em>in situ</em> characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal an “adsorption–intercalation–pore filling” sodium storage mechanism. Notably, this strategy incurs no additional energy consumption compared to conventional processes while enabling high-value valorization of an industrial byproduct, offering a sustainable route for the preparation of hard carbon anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 11225-11239"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green ChemistryPub Date : 2026-07-06Epub Date: 2026-06-17DOI: 10.1039/d6gc02382g
Chunjing Tao, Jingting He, Wei Li, Fanfei Meng, Dongxu Cui, Meiyan Wang, Guogang Shan, Xinlong Wang, Zhongmin Su, Chunyi Sun
{"title":"Strengthened d–π interaction in bimetallic clusters for boosted urea electrosynthesis from nitrate and CO2 in simulated industrial waste","authors":"Chunjing Tao, Jingting He, Wei Li, Fanfei Meng, Dongxu Cui, Meiyan Wang, Guogang Shan, Xinlong Wang, Zhongmin Su, Chunyi Sun","doi":"10.1039/d6gc02382g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc02382g","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic conversion of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>2</sub> offers a viable strategy for waste resource utilization. However, current studies largely focus on high-concentration systems, while efficient electrocatalytic synthesis under realistic low-concentration polluted conditions remains in its infancy. Herein, we report a bimetallic cluster Cu<sup>I</sup><sub>4</sub>Fe<sup>II</sup> (Cu<sup>I</sup><sub>4</sub>Fe<sup>II</sup>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>L<sub>6</sub>, L = tetrazole) <em>via</em> strategic Fe<sup>II</sup>-for-Cu<sup>II</sup> substitution. The experiment shows that under the conditions of −0.64 V <em>vs.</em> RHE, 100% CO<sub>2</sub> and 50 mM NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, the faradaic efficiency (FE) of urea using this catalyst reaches 62%, which is twice that of Cu<sup>I</sup><sub>4</sub>Cu<sup>II</sup> and is the best among the clusters. Under simulated real-world low-concentration conditions (20% CO<sub>2</sub>, 600 ppm NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), Cu<sup>I</sup><sub>4</sub>Fe<sup>II</sup> maintains a FE of 41% and exhibits robust catalytic performance across a wide range of CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentrations. Mechanistic studies reveal that the introduction of the Fe site induces significant electronic restructuring, which not only enhances NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> adsorption and reduces its protonation energy barrier but also strengthens the d–π interactions between metal orbitals and key intermediates. This effect effectively lowers the overall reaction energy barriers and facilitates CO<sub>2</sub> insertion and subsequent C–N coupling, thereby rationalizing the observed high catalytic activity. This work demonstrates heterometallic synergy for efficient multi-step electrocatalysis under practical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 11205-11214"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"π-Conjugated deep eutectic solvents enable stabilized lignin fractionation from lignocellulose and enhanced antibacterial biobased nanomaterials","authors":"Shiqiang Tu, Jiaqi Tan, Dan Li, Bole Ma, Minting Liang, Xueqing Qiu, Jiayi Zheng, Liheng Chen","doi":"10.1039/d6gc02246d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc02246d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin valorization is limited by intrinsic reactivity and uncontrolled aggregation during extraction, which hinder structural preservation and functionality. Here we report π-conjugated deep eutectic solvents (π-DESs) that cooperatively stabilize and assemble lignin <em>via</em> hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. π-DESs enable efficient fractionation of lignocellulose at lower temperatures (60–80 °C), while preserving β-O-4 linkages and suppressing condensation. Results show that lignin dynamically integrates into a supramolecular π-stabilized solvent network that modulates its electronic environment and aggregation pathways. The extracted lignin spontaneously forms uniform micro/nano-spheres without chemical modification and exhibits excellent antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the cellulose-rich fraction can be fibrillated into lignocellulosic nanofibrils and combined with lignin nanospheres to produce freestanding composite films with UV shielding, antioxidant, photothermal, and light-activated antibacterial functions. This work establishes π-conjugated solvent design as a strategy to couple lignin stabilization, controlled assembly, and functional materials generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 10976-10986"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"K-mediated peripheral electronic tuning of low-valence Au single atoms for efficient acetylene hydrochlorination","authors":"Zhenbang Liu, Xiaohui Liu, Yawei Geng, Xiangfa Meng, Sen Wang, Yanzhao Dong, Yunsheng Dai, Jinli Zhang, Haiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d6gc01092j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc01092j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold single-atom catalysts hold great promise for acetylene hydrochlorination, yet their practical application is hindered by the instability and reduction tendency of high-valence Au species. Herein, we report a K-mediated peripheral electron regulation strategy for the construction of stable low-valence Au single-atom catalysts on nitrogen-doped carbon supports (Au/K-NC-SA). During a 400-hour stability test, the catalyst achieved a reaction rate of 812.1 kg<sub>VCM</sub> kg<sub>Au</sub><sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and a deactivation rate of (7.6 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>−3</sup>% h<sup>−1</sup>. As an electron donor, K reduces the average oxidation state of Au, increases the electron density of Au 5d orbitals and upshifts the d-band center. This further strengthens the adsorption of acetylene and hydrogen chloride, stabilizes the key transition state, and reduces the energy barrier of the rate-determining step by 0.28 eV. Beyond providing a highly active and stable catalyst, this work deciphers the synergistic mechanism of electronic and field effects in the “K-mediated peripheral effect”, offering a general design principle for stabilizing single-atom catalysts with tailored electronic states, providing a feasible technical scheme for the green transformation of the coal-based polyvinyl chloride industry and aligning with the core principles of green chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 11036-11046"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process intensification technology-assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass: a review","authors":"Qianli Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Xiaoyan Jiang, Chen Huang, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Xianzhi Meng, Yefeng Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d6gc01236a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc01236a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment has become a prerequisite for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic components into high-value chemicals and materials as sustainable alternatives to fossil-based products. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising green and versatile solvents for biomass fractionation. However, their relatively limited treatment efficiency and the necessity for multi-component recovery have driven the development of intensified DES pretreatment strategies. This review first briefly summarizes the performance of various DES systems when applied alone to biomass pretreatment, and then systematically highlights recent advances in intensified technologies integrated with DES processes. These intensification strategies include physical approaches, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, pulsed electric fields, and mechanical activation, as well as chemically driven processes, including hydrothermal treatment, steam explosion, and catalyst-assisted DES pretreatment. The advantages, limitations, processing outcomes, and underlying mechanisms of these strategies are comparatively analyzed. To reduce the overall cost and environmental footprint of DES-based processes, current developments in DES recovery technologies are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide guidance toward the development of efficient and sustainable DES-based biomass pretreatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 10807-10833"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incorporation of deep eutectic solvents into advanced adhesive materials: a review on eutectoadhesives","authors":"Lingzhe Ruan, Alain Dufresne, Lei Tan, Zhongping Zhang, Peng Yu, Zhanjun Wu","doi":"10.1039/d6gc01350c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc01350c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toward the goals of green chemistry and sustainability, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), owing to their low volatility, high tunability, and unique hydrogen-bonding networks, have emerged as promising candidates for fabricating high-performance, multifunctional, and environmentally benign adhesive materials. This review article systematically summarizes recent advances in DES-based adhesives (eutectoadhesives). First, the classification, specific composition design, structural regulation, and materials engineering of eutectoadhesives are discussed. After that, their adhesion capability and functional characteristics are comprehensively discussed, with particular emphasis on the critical roles of DESs in enhancing interfacial bonding strength, imparting self-healing capability, enabling on-demand debonding, and enhancing environmental tolerance. Meanwhile, their unique advantages in multifunctional integration—such as electrical, optical, and antibacterial functionalities—are highlighted. Then, we review the emerging applications of eutectoadhesives in diverse fields, ranging from biological adhesion and green wood adhesion to emerging scenarios including underwater adhesion, intelligent wearable sensing, energy storage devices, and agricultural pest control. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions in this field are outlined, with the aim of providing valuable guidance for the design and application of next-generation multifunctional adhesive materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 10898-10930"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concise chemical synthesis of O-linked glycans","authors":"Yaohao Li, Wenqiang Liu, Chunyu Jin, Huanjie Zhu, Zerun Song, Jiongkun Peng, Chong Guo, Zhongping Tan","doi":"10.1039/d6gc01945e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc01945e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the well-recognized role of glycosylation in regulating protein properties, the lack of homogeneous glycoprotein isoforms has hindered progress in both research and application. Here, we tackle this issue by presenting a concise, divergent synthetic route for the efficient preparation of <em>O</em>-linked glycoamino acid building blocks featuring regioselective 3-OH glycosylation and α-sialylation. This streamlined methodology significantly mitigates the labor-intensive challenges associated with traditional techniques and enables the creation and biological evaluation of naturally glycosylated variants of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Notably, this study provides the first evidence that <em>O</em>-glycosylation substantially enhances the proteolytic stability of GHRH, highlighting the potential of our synthetic strategy to propel the field of protein <em>O</em>-glycosylation and its therapeutic applications forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 11215-11224"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fully bio-based cellulose vitrimers with dynamic enamine bonds: toward recyclable and micropatternable green materials","authors":"Lingxian Kong, Zitong Wang, Mingshuai Guo, Xiaofeng Sui, Zhiping Mao, Bijia Wang, Liduo Rong, Xueling Feng","doi":"10.1039/d6gc02499h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc02499h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance and recyclable materials from renewable resources remains a significant challenge in polymer science. Vitrimers, featuring dynamic covalent crosslinked networks, offer an attractive platform for harmonizing mechanical robustness with reprocessability. Herein, we report a fully bio-based vitrimer fabricated through catalyst-free dynamic crosslinking of cellulose acetoacetate (CAA) with a plant oil derived diamine (Priamine 1075). The resulting cellulose–Priamine (CP) vitrimer network incorporates enamine bonds that enable catalyst-free topology rearrangement under thermal activation. Hot-pressed CP films exhibit a balanced combination of tensile strength (30 MPa) and ductility (21% elongation at break), along with rapid stress relaxation (characteristic relaxation time of 3 min at 160 °C). Notably, the material retains >90% of its mechanical properties after multiple hot-pressing cycles and demonstrates controlled degradability under biologically relevant conditions (8 weeks, >90%). Moreover, the acid-responsive character of the enamine bonds unlocks a powerful, sustainable, and low-energy route for micropatterning, enabling the precise, on-demand creation of intricate microscale features through simple acid etching. This work not only presents a novel strategy for designing robust, recyclable cellulose-based materials, but also provides valuable insights into the molecular engineering of bioderived dynamic networks for sustainable advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 10987-10999"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green ChemistryPub Date : 2026-07-06Epub Date: 2026-06-09DOI: 10.1039/d6gc02532c
Bingyan Zhang, Jie Gu, Xiang Hu, Shun Yang
{"title":"Water-regulated deep eutectic solvents for sustainable closed-loop recycling of spent lithium cobalt oxide","authors":"Bingyan Zhang, Jie Gu, Xiang Hu, Shun Yang","doi":"10.1039/d6gc02532c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6gc02532c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are regarded as a novel class of green solvents for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their high viscosity, the challenge in selective metal separation, and the difficulty of high-value utilization still hinder further applications of DESs. Herein, we present a novel H<sub>2</sub>O-regulation method for the selective recovery of Co and Li from spent LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (LCO) using a low-viscosity DES, which comprises carbon-rich tannic acid (TA), choline chloride (ChCl), and H<sub>2</sub>O (for dilution). After the efficient leaching process, only extra water is used for the precipitation of Co to form a TA–Co complex, owing to the good coordination ability of TA. Notably, TA–Co complexes can be converted into high-value catalysts (Co@C) directly <em>via</em> calcination based on the carbon-rich structure of TA, which exhibits promising OER catalytic performance, further proving the proposed process to be a sustainable method for recycling spent LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"28 26","pages":"Pages 11010-11017"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148545665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}