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Chemodivergent alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes via photocatalytic coupling with alkanes† 通过光催化与烷烃偶联实现三氟甲基烯的化学歧化烷基化。
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04176C
Pol Martínez-Balart, Álvaro Velasco-Rubio, Sergio Barbeira-Arán, Hugo Jiménez-Cristóbal and Martín Fañanás-Mastral
{"title":"Chemodivergent alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes via photocatalytic coupling with alkanes†","authors":"Pol Martínez-Balart, Álvaro Velasco-Rubio, Sergio Barbeira-Arán, Hugo Jiménez-Cristóbal and Martín Fañanás-Mastral","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04176C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4GC04176C","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>gem</em>-Difluoroalkenes and trifluoromethyl alkanes are prominent structures in biologically active compounds. Radical alkylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes represents a useful strategy to access these structures. However, reported methods have relied on the use of pre-functionalized radical precursors and examples involving the use of simple hydrocarbons as coupling partners are elusive. Here we report a chemodivergent methodology based on the direct activation of C(sp<small><sup>3</sup></small>)–H bonds enabled by HAT photoredox catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for preparing both <em>gem</em>-difluoroalkenes and trifluoromethyl alkanes from ubiquitous hydrocarbon feedstocks, including gaseous alkanes. Importantly, chemoselectivity is easily achieved by simple modification of reaction conditions and/or additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visible light-induced strain-release transformations of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 可见光诱导的双环[1.1.0]丁烷应变释放转化
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03193H
Qing-Bao Zhang, Feng Li, Bin Pan, Shanshan Zhang, Xiang-Guo Yue and Qiang Liu
{"title":"Visible light-induced strain-release transformations of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes","authors":"Qing-Bao Zhang, Feng Li, Bin Pan, Shanshan Zhang, Xiang-Guo Yue and Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03193H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03193H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, as structurally unique compounds with high strain energy and diverse chemical properties, are becoming increasingly popular building blocks in organic and pharmaceutical chemistries. Strain-release transformation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes has received great attention from chemists as it is atom- and step-economical, and significant achievements have been made in this field. Visible-light photocatalysis, with its green and sustainable properties, enriches the strain-release strategy through an electron transfer or energy transfer pathway under mild conditions. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in visible-light-induced strain-release reactions of bicyclobutanes, with a particular focus on the reaction mechanism. Organization of the content follows a subdivision based on reaction and product classes. Advances in obtaining unique chemical architectures continue to be breakthroughs in this fascinating field of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective electrosynthesis of aldehydes at industrially relevant current densities via tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis† 通过串联电化学-化学催化,在工业相关电流密度下选择性电合成醛†。
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04536J
Ting Lin, Menglu Cai, Huijie Chen and Yiming Mo
{"title":"Selective electrosynthesis of aldehydes at industrially relevant current densities via tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis†","authors":"Ting Lin, Menglu Cai, Huijie Chen and Yiming Mo","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04536J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04536J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic electrochemical synthesis, a sustainable alternative to traditional organic synthesis, faces challenges in practical applications, such as limited current density, difficulty in recycling homogeneous electrochemical mediators, and large waste supporting electrolyte generation. In this work, we addressed these challenges by proposing a tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis strategy, using selective alcohol electrooxidation to valuable aldehydes as a model transformation. Hypochlorite electro-generation and heterogeneous TEMPO-catalyzed alcohol oxidation were decoupled spatially, allowing each step to proceed independently under high rates and selectivity. Consequently, this strategy achieved industrially relevant current densities of 300–600 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> with 64.7–81.8% faradaic efficiencies, resulting in a space–time yield (STY) of up to 516.95 kg (m<small><sup>3</sup></small> h)<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for benzaldehyde synthesis that significantly surpassed existing strategies. In addition, this strategy utilized the silica-supported TEMPO catalyst filled in a packed-bed reactor to achieve efficient single-pass conversion of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes without the need for downstream catalyst separation, substantially reducing energy consumption for downstream separation. Furthermore, we developed a closed-loop tandem electrochemical–chemical catalysis system for gram-scale steroidal aldehyde synthesis, which incorporated an inline liquid–liquid separator for electrolyte recycling, thus significantly reducing the supporting electrolyte waste generation, which aligns with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development. This work demonstrates a viable approach for the electrosynthesis of value-added organic intermediates under practical current densities with minimal waste electrolyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shell biorefineries: mixed biofuel production from chitin 壳牌生物炼油厂:利用甲壳素生产混合生物燃料
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03761H
Hao Huang, Guangping Zhou, Xiaolan Cai, Min Zhuang and Shaoqu Xie
{"title":"Shell biorefineries: mixed biofuel production from chitin","authors":"Hao Huang, Guangping Zhou, Xiaolan Cai, Min Zhuang and Shaoqu Xie","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03761H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03761H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bioenergy is a key strategy for sustainability, yet the potential for biofuel production from chitin is under-exploited. Here, we report the cleavage of the inherently inert σ-type C–C bonds in chitin under the condition of initially breaking the unstable C–O bonds. Mechanistic studies indicate that by regulating the valence state of Ru and the interaction between RuO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> and AC-HNO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-melamine, the ability of Ru nanoparticles to cleave C–C and C–O bonds can be controlled. One-pot sequential hydrogenolysis of chitin with RuO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>/AC-HNO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-melamine resulted in a mixed alcohol yield 1.66 times that of commercial Ru/C. A mixed alcohol yield of 16.8% was achieved using raw chitin and green process conditions. We expanded the substrate range to include chitosan, <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>D</small>-glucosamine, and glucosamine. This work demonstrates the potential of shell biorefinery to produce affordable clean energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catalytic synthesis of renewable lubricant base oils with methyl oleate and aromatics† 用油酸甲酯和芳烃催化合成可再生润滑油基础油†。
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03448A
Binbin Zhou, Nan Wang, Sibao Liu and Guozhu Liu
{"title":"Catalytic synthesis of renewable lubricant base oils with methyl oleate and aromatics†","authors":"Binbin Zhou, Nan Wang, Sibao Liu and Guozhu Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03448A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03448A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Renewable lubricant base oils derived from biomass can effectively mitigate environmental challenges while exhibiting exceptional properties. Herein, we propose a novel approach for the synthesis of ester-based and alkane-based renewable lubricant base oils, achieving an impressive yield of up to 99%. This strategy involves the utilization of methyl oleate and biomass-derived aromatics through two distinct chemistries: alkylation and alkylation followed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Among the various Lewis acid catalysts screened, AlCl<small><sub>3</sub></small> demonstrated superior performance and achieved a remarkable maximum yield of 99% for the alkylation product under the optimized reaction conditions. Subsequent hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of these alkylation products using the Ir-ReO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>/SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> catalyst resulted in the production of alkane-based lubricant base oils, with an impressive maximum yield of 96.3%. The molecular size and branching of ester-based and alkane-based products can be finely adjusted by employing diverse aromatic compounds during the alkylation process, thereby enabling tuning of their lubricant properties. The as-synthesized base oils exhibit superior properties to petroleum-derived group III base oils and demonstrate comparable performance to synthetic ester and PAO base oils. The presented strategy for synthesizing renewable base oils offers a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived counterparts, thereby potentially mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrochemistry-enabled Rh-catalyzed regioselective [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzoic acid with alkynyl esters/amides†‡ 电化学催化的 Rh 催化苯甲酸与炔基酯/酰胺的区域选择性 [4 + 1] 和 [4 + 2] 环加成反应†‡
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03753G
Wei-Jung Chiu and Chung-Ming Sun
{"title":"Electrochemistry-enabled Rh-catalyzed regioselective [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzoic acid with alkynyl esters/amides†‡","authors":"Wei-Jung Chiu and Chung-Ming Sun","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03753G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03753G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A Rh(<small>III</small>)-catalyzed additive-controlled regioselective [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] cyclization of benzoic acids with alkynyl esters/amides under electrochemical conditions has been developed for the synthesis of phthalides and isocoumarins. The selectivity for the product formation was attained by merely changing the additive. Employment of NaOAc in the reaction produces isocoumarins whereas AcOH favors phthalides. Cyclic voltammetry and control experiments reveal the mechanistic pathway of the reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photocatalytic acylation of lysine screened using a microfluidic-based chemical robotic system† 利用微流体化学机器人系统筛选赖氨酸的光催化酰化反应†.
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03562C
Zhanfeng Hou, Chuan Wan, Heming Jiang, Yuena Wang, Yun Xing, Jinpeng Wang, Zhihong Liu, Xiaochun Guo, Yuhao An, Wei Han, Rui Wang, Xinhao Zhang, Feng Yin and Zigang Li
{"title":"Photocatalytic acylation of lysine screened using a microfluidic-based chemical robotic system†","authors":"Zhanfeng Hou, Chuan Wan, Heming Jiang, Yuena Wang, Yun Xing, Jinpeng Wang, Zhihong Liu, Xiaochun Guo, Yuhao An, Wei Han, Rui Wang, Xinhao Zhang, Feng Yin and Zigang Li","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03562C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03562C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The application scope of various bioconjugation technologies has been expanded through the implementation of photoredox catalytic bioconjugation technology, establishing a novel biomolecular framework with exceptional residue selectivity. Herein, we report a facile acylation reaction utilizing a thioacid and a photoexcited riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA) catalyst under visible light (450 nm). The optimal reaction conditions were obtained using a high-throughput microfluidic-based chemical robotic system and GPR model. We have successfully modified a range of proteins and antibodies and utilized the functional handle to attach diverse biological molecules, demonstrating the versatility and generality of our approach. In addition, this photoredox catalytic reaction was also successfully employed in peptide modification, protein labeling, and antibody conjugation.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metal-free photoinduced-radical hydrocyclization of 2-isocyanides: a unified synthetic approach to facilely assemble diverse N-heteroarenes† 2-异氰酸酯的无金属光诱导-自由基加氢环化:轻松组装多种 N-杂环†的统一合成方法
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03774J
Ziyi Wang, Haonan Wei, Jinrong Du and Zhijun Zuo
{"title":"Metal-free photoinduced-radical hydrocyclization of 2-isocyanides: a unified synthetic approach to facilely assemble diverse N-heteroarenes†","authors":"Ziyi Wang, Haonan Wei, Jinrong Du and Zhijun Zuo","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03774J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03774J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >α-Unsubstituted aromatic N-heterocycles are a family of broadly used building blocks that play an integral role in drugs, agrochemicals, and materials. However, accessing diverse α-unsubstituted N-heteroarenes in a single strategy is challenging but highly desirable. Thus, a novel and unified photoinduced-radical hydrocyclization of 2-isocyanides is described for rapid assembling of various N-heteroarenes. The reaction features mild and sustainable reaction conditions with broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibilities. The potential synthetic utilization is highlighted by the facile synthesis of some biologically active natural alkaloids. Moreover, the mechanism studies indicated that the single-electron reduction/protonation is the key process of the transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A spatially integrated electrochemical–thermal tandem reaction for continuous mild synthesis of propylene oxide† 用于环氧丙烷连续温和合成的空间集成电化学-热串联反应
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03455D
Yuefeng Qiu, Peng Jiang, Wenkai Ye, Jiahao Hu, Bin Zhang, Tuo Ji, Liwen Mu, Xin Feng, Xiaohua Lu and Jiahua Zhu
{"title":"A spatially integrated electrochemical–thermal tandem reaction for continuous mild synthesis of propylene oxide†","authors":"Yuefeng Qiu, Peng Jiang, Wenkai Ye, Jiahao Hu, Bin Zhang, Tuo Ji, Liwen Mu, Xin Feng, Xiaohua Lu and Jiahua Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03455D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03455D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An electrochemical–thermal tandem reaction system was designed in this work and enabled the highly efficient synthesis of propylene oxide (PO) at 1 atm without the use of H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>. The electrochemical part produced OOH<small><sup>−</sup></small> through a 2e<small><sup>−</sup></small> oxygen reduction reaction, which migrated and distributed in the full space of a chamber filled with a mixture of solid electrolyte particles and modified <strong>TS-1</strong> (m-<strong>TS-1</strong>) catalysts. Mediated by the relay of OOH<small><sup>−</sup></small> and protic solvent methanol, full space tandem reactions were achieved with a high PO selectivity of 95.2% and a productivity of 319.75 mmol g<small><sub>ecat</sub></small><small><sup>−1</sup></small> h<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. A mechanistic study revealed that the m-<strong>TS-1</strong> catalysts accepted the migrated OOH<small><sup>−</sup></small> and formed a <strong>Ti-OOH</strong> intermediate, which played a key role in relaying the tandem reactions for an efficient propylene epoxidation reaction. Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment revealed favorable figures for the proposed process compared to the conventional process.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulatable selective synthesis of benzofurans and coumarins from aryl propargyl ethers via an electrochemical tandem cyclization reaction† 通过电化学串联环化反应从芳基丙炔醚中选择性地合成苯并呋喃和香豆素
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03842H
Zhaoyue Feng, Xueyi Guan, Haiyang Ma, Yingsibing Fan, Ping Liu and Peipei Sun
{"title":"Regulatable selective synthesis of benzofurans and coumarins from aryl propargyl ethers via an electrochemical tandem cyclization reaction†","authors":"Zhaoyue Feng, Xueyi Guan, Haiyang Ma, Yingsibing Fan, Ping Liu and Peipei Sun","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03842H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03842H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A divergent protocol for the selective synthesis of benzofuran-2-carboxaldehydes and 3-organoselenyl-2<em>H</em>-coumarins from propargylic aryl ethers in the presence of dialkyl(aryl) diselenides under electrochemical reaction conditions was established. By adjusting the reactant ratio, reaction time and temperature, two significant heterocyclic derivatives could be selectively obtained with high yields, respectively. The reaction was performed under simple reaction conditions and was suitable for various substituted propargylic aryl ethers and dialkyl(aryl) diselenides.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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