Xue Yang , Jinsong Sun , Zheng Yin , Xiaoyang Lv , Yuan Liu , Zhiyi Hou , Dan Sui , Qinqin Xia
{"title":"Preparation of tough, antioxidant and antibacterial bioplastic for sustainable packaging through an in situ phenolization strategy†","authors":"Xue Yang , Jinsong Sun , Zheng Yin , Xiaoyang Lv , Yuan Liu , Zhiyi Hou , Dan Sui , Qinqin Xia","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05129g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05129g","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioplastic packaging derived from renewable and biodegradable lignocellulose presents a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, the preparation of bioplastic packaging faces problems related to its inadequate mechanical strength and multifunctionality, stemming from weak interactions between and low chemical activity among its components. Herein, we have reported a facile <em>in situ</em> phenolization strategy to produce highly active components directly from wood in a ternary phenolic-based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl)/oxalic acid/resorcinol), enabling the assembly of high-performance bioplastic. In this process, the ether bond of lignin in wood is protonated to form a benzylic carbocation, which then <em>in situ</em> traps resorcinol to incorporate phenolic active sites into lignin. Consequently, the phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin increases to 10.43 mmol g<sup>−1</sup>, approximately 14 times higher than that of milled wood lignin. The phenolic lignin can provide multiple binding sites that tightly bond with cellulose, forming a robust network through enhanced hydrogen bond interactions. The resulting bioplastic, denoted as Ph-bioplastic, exhibits a tensile strength of ∼160 MPa and enhanced toughness of ∼20 MJ m<sup>−3</sup>, 3 times greater than that of the non-phenolized bioplastic. Furthermore, the plentiful active sites provided by phenolized lignin enable the reduction of silver nanoparticles within the cellulose–lignin network. The Ph-bioplastic exhibits excellent oxidation resistance, achieving a DPPH radical scavenging rate of ∼100%, and possesses antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the Ph-bioplastic also demonstrates excellent biodegradability and can be recycled through mechanical decomposition. This <em>in situ</em> phenolization strategy provides an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly pathway for sustainable packaging materials from natural resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1529-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liming Chen , Haohua Chen , Lixin Xu , Kun Cao , Mingguo Yang , Yurong Liu , Shihan Liu , Yu Lan , Zhiguo Zhang , Guisheng Zhang
{"title":"Photooxidative tandem cyclization of enamines to polysubstituted pyrroles: a combined experimental and theoretical study†","authors":"Liming Chen , Haohua Chen , Lixin Xu , Kun Cao , Mingguo Yang , Yurong Liu , Shihan Liu , Yu Lan , Zhiguo Zhang , Guisheng Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05884d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05884d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An intermolecular dimerization of enamines to polysubstituted pyrroles was realized in moderate yields <em>via</em> a photocatalytic oxidative tandem cyclization method. This visible-light-triggered cyclization offers advantages such as eliminating the need for an external photocatalyst, acid, base or additives, the ready availability of starting materials, and a simple operation process. Extensive substrate scope and rapid assembly of the biologically valuable pyrrole derivatives confirmed the compatibility and practicability of this methodology. DFT calculations and experimental studies played a vital role in the successful implementation of this research. Furthermore, this study opened a new avenue to construct pyrrole scaffolds and related functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1423-1429"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic modification of Sphingobium lignivorans SYK-6 for lignin valorization through the discovery of an unusual transcriptional repressor of lignin-derived dimer catabolism†","authors":"Ryo Kato , Eugene Kuatsjah , Masaya Fujita , Alissa C. Bleem , Shojiro Hishiyama , Rui Katahira , Toshiya Senda , Gregg T. Beckham , Naofumi Kamimura , Eiji Masai","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05328a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05328a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div> <em>Sphingobium lignivorans</em> SYK-6 catabolizes guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE, a β-O-4-type dimer) and 1,2-diguaiacylpropane-1,3-diol (DGPD, a β-1-type dimer) derived from lignin. Recently, SLG_35860 containing TetR- and MarR-type transcriptional regulator motifs was suggested to be involved in the regulation of GGE and DGPD catabolism. Here we investigated the role of SLG_35860 in the transcriptional regulation of GGE and DGPD catabolism genes. SLG_35860 designated <em>ligS</em> repressed 11 genes involved in GGE and DGPD catabolism. LigS binds directly to specific sequences in the promoter region of each gene. The MarR domain was shown to be involved in these bindings; however, GGE, DGPD, and their metabolites did not function as effectors of LigS. We discovered unidentified compound(s) in the black liquor of oxygen-soda anthraquinone pulping of Japanese cedar that SYK-6 cannot metabolize and that acted as effector(s). Therefore, LigS constantly represses the transcription of the GGE and DGPD catabolism genes to low levels. Based on these findings, we examined the productivity of a polymer building block, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), from GGE, DGPD, and a GGE metabolite using an engineered <em>ligS</em> mutant. The rates of PDC production from each compound by this strain were 1.5–6.0 times higher than those of a PDC-producing strain carrying <em>ligS</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1540-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miaomiao Liang , Maosen Hu , Yiwei Si , Rui Xue , Yongxia Kang , Hemeng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Zongcheng Miao , Chong Fu
{"title":"Heterogeneous structure engineering and optimizing the electronic band structure of the VO2(B)/V3O5 cathode: toward a low-cost, long life span and green aqueous ammonium ion battery†","authors":"Miaomiao Liang , Maosen Hu , Yiwei Si , Rui Xue , Yongxia Kang , Hemeng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Zongcheng Miao , Chong Fu","doi":"10.1039/d4gc04785k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc04785k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous ammonium ion batteries are promising because of their high safety and efficient charge transfer rate in energy storage applications, but their wide applicability is hindered by the limited properties of the cathode materials. Heterojunction engineering and ion doping are effective strategies for enhancing the reaction dynamics and structural stability of cathode materials. In this work, we chose an iron-doped heterogeneous structured VO<sub>2</sub>(B)/V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> with a rich heterojunction interface and stability as a research object to test its application in ammonium ion storage. <em>Ex situ</em> XRD and <em>ex situ</em> FTIR tests proved that a phase transition happened during the first charge/discharge process. DFT calculations revealed that iron ion doping can adjust the electronic band structure and promote the phase transition by inducing fast catalytic coupling and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> insertion process. Impressively, Fe-VO<sub>2</sub>(B)/V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> delivered superior electrochemical performance with high capacity and cycling stability when the atomic content of Fe was 0.1. The assembled Fe<sub>0.1</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>(B)/V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>//PTCDI full cell exhibited a high capacity of 143.8 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> and energy density of 115.1 W h kg<sup>−1</sup> and behaved much better than other full cells with different Fe doping content. This work provides a new strategy to design a high-performance electrode material for ammonium ion storage through heterojunction engineering and ion doping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1397-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent engineering: a novel ternary system for efficient lignocellulose extraction†","authors":"Guanzheng Wu , Yu Cheng , Caoxing Huang , Cheng Yong , Yu Fu","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05138f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05138f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective processing and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) are essential for sustainable development. In this work, we present a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) system comprising glycerol, potassium carbonate (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG-200), designed to enhance the deconstruction of LCB through its low viscosity and improved solubility. The system's low viscosity (2.87–26.48 Pa s) ensures excellent fluidity and accessibility, significantly improving mass and heat transfer during reactions. Furthermore, the increased solubility (39.21–54.66% w/w) further boosts lignin dissolution, leading to more efficient separation. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of hemicellulose and lignin reached 81.93% and 96.37%, respectively, with a cellulose yield of up to 73.65%. Moreover, the cellulose-rich residues resulting from this process exhibit desirable properties such as high crystallinity, excellent thermal stability, and robust processing capabilities, marking them as valuable materials for efficient downstream processing and applications. The development of this ternary DES system represents a greener and more sustainable approach to LCB treatment, offering a transformative solution poised to advance the future of bio-based industries. This innovative system not only improves the efficiency of biomass processing, but also aligns with environmental sustainability goals, supporting the broader adoption of eco-friendly technologies in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1556-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Coeck , Nathalie Claes , Thomas Cuypers , Sara Bals , Dirk E. De Vos
{"title":"The sustainable and catalytic synthesis of N,N-alkylated fatty amines from fatty acids and esters†","authors":"Robin Coeck , Nathalie Claes , Thomas Cuypers , Sara Bals , Dirk E. De Vos","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05740f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05740f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reductive amination of fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) has been identified as a green and effective method to produce <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylalkylamines (ADMAs). With current technology, this reaction requires at least two reaction steps. Here, we report a heterogeneous catalytic system for the one-pot synthesis of ADMAs from FA(ME)s, utilizing solely H<sub>2</sub> and methylamines (<em>i.e.</em> di- and trimethylamine). The reaction requires two recyclable catalysts: <em>ortho</em>-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> for the amidation of FA(ME)s and PtVO<sub><em>x</em></sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> for the hydrogenation of the <em>in situ</em> generated fatty amide to ADMAs. The developed system has a wide range of applicability: it is able to convert all natural FAs to ADMAs (yields up to 90%) and also other tertiary amines were synthesized. Aside from the development of a sustainable and industrially applicable process (<em>e.g.</em> utilizing benign solvents or performing solventless reactions), a kinetic model was developed that describes the reaction rate's relationship with key process parameters such as the H<sub>2</sub> pressure and water content. By tuning the reaction conditions, different ratios of primary, secondary and tertiary fatty amines can be obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1410-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct asymmetric α-C–H functionalization of N-unprotected allylamine catalyzed by chiral pyridoxal†","authors":"Hanyu Liang, Jiaxuan Cao, Hailong Zhang, Longjie Huang, Siqi Liu, Tianhao Wu, Xiao Xiao and Baoguo Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4GC05739B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05739B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Allylamine is a versatile scaffold in organic synthesis. Common methods for its asymmetric α-C–H functionalization require protection of the NH<small><sub>2</sub></small> group to prevent N-nucleophilic interference. Direct asymmetric α-C–H functionalization of N-unprotected allylamine (with low α-C–H acidity) remains challenging and underdeveloped to date. In this paper, we report a chiral pyridoxal catalyzed direct asymmetric addition reaction of N-unprotected allylamines to trifluoromethyl ketones, yielding synthetically and pharmaceutically valuable α-trifluoromethyl-β-amino alcohols with up to 87% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess (ee). Despite unsatisfactory diastereoselectivity for products, the isomers can be conveniently separated and further utilized. p<em>K</em><small><sub>a</sub></small> calculations indicate that the α-C–H acidity of activated allylamine increases by 10<small><sup>18</sup></small>-fold in the presence of chiral pyridoxal, verifying the powerful catalytic capability of chiral pyridoxal for asymmetric α-C–H functionalization of primary amines.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1374-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huiwen Tian , Huanhuan Yang , Xueqi Liu , Yu Jia , Qun Xu
{"title":"Confinement effect on the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction","authors":"Huiwen Tian , Huanhuan Yang , Xueqi Liu , Yu Jia , Qun Xu","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05274a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05274a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CO<sub>2</sub> electrochemical reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) is a promising alternative way to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into high value-added fuels and chemicals with renewable electricity as an energy source to solve the current environmental problems. However, the low catalytic efficiency and poor stability of the CO<sub>2</sub>RR are challenges that need to be addressed. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress in the confinement effect on the CO<sub>2</sub>RR. In a confined environment, controlled diffusion behaviors of reactants, intermediates and products and charge transfer can effectively facilitate the CO<sub>2</sub>RR. Meanwhile, the local increase in pH due to the limited diffusion of the electrolyte and <em>in situ</em>-generated OH<sup>−</sup> can induce slow proton adsorption kinetics, resulting in inhibition of proton-involving reactions, especially the competitive reaction of hydrogen evolution. Besides, confinement structures can effectively stabilize active metal sites against corrosion, fragmentation, dissolution, agglomeration, and over-reduction due to the protection of limited space or/and confined intermediates. Therefore, attempts to illustrate the relationship between confinement architectures and their catalytic performance are necessary, and they are discussed in this review, and the current challenges and potential strategies for future CO<sub>2</sub>RR research are envisioned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1238-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panjie Xiang, Kai Sun, Anzai Shi, Jiangzhen An, Xiaolan Chen, Lingbo Qu and Bing Yu
{"title":"Visible-light-induced 1,3-difunctionalization of allylboronic esters enabled by a 1,2-boron shift†","authors":"Panjie Xiang, Kai Sun, Anzai Shi, Jiangzhen An, Xiaolan Chen, Lingbo Qu and Bing Yu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC06330A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC06330A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel visible-light-induced strategy has been developed for 1,2-boron migration to achieve 1,3-difunctionalization of allylboronic esters using vinyl triflates as bifunctional reagents. This approach demonstrates significant atomic and step economy, allowing for the construction of two C–C bonds and one C–B bond in a single preparative step under mild reaction conditions. This methodology enables the conversion of a wide array of natural products and pharmacologically relevant molecules, achieving satisfactory yields. Furthermore, this protocol is also successfully extended to other bifunctional reagents, such as tosylates and benzenesulfonyl cyanide, affording the corresponding sulfonyl products in good yields. Given the importance of boron and cyano functionalities in organic synthesis, these products hold considerable promise as intermediates for the synthesis of alcohols or amides. A comprehensive investigation of the reaction mechanism was performed, utilizing radical capture experiments, Stern–Volmer fluorescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry, light on–off experiments, and quantum yield measurements to elucidate the underlying processes involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 6","pages":" 1820-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaohan Xu , Jingui Zheng , Lingzhi Sun , Xun Pan , Ruochen Yang , Jianrong Zeng , Guohua Zhao
{"title":"Electrocatalytic C–C coupling of CO2 and formaldehyde to synthesize acetate via membrane electrode assembly†","authors":"Shaohan Xu , Jingui Zheng , Lingzhi Sun , Xun Pan , Ruochen Yang , Jianrong Zeng , Guohua Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05419a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05419a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reaction with other gases to synthesize value-added products at high current densities is challenging due to the limited diffusion rate for low-solubility gases in aqueous electrolytes. To enhance the mass transfer process, herein, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer is employed to achieve high-rate electrochemical C–C coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> and gaseous formaldehyde. Based on the simultaneous gas-phase delivery of reactants to the catalytic surface, an acetate production rate of 654 mg L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> is achieved at a current density over 150 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> on a Cu-MOF coated Cu<sub>2</sub>O catalyst. <em>In situ</em> FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and <em>in situ</em> XAFS combined with DFT suggest that the energy barrier of C–C coupling between *CO and *CH<sub>2</sub>OH is significantly lowered due to the insertion of Cu-MOF, thus promoting the production of acetate. This work provides a novel strategy for electrochemical treatment of waste gas coupling to synthesize high-value products with potential industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 1488-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}