Shuling Shen , Yu Chu , Ziwei Feng , Zheng Du , Huixin Xiu , Xinjuan Liu , Shuning Xiao , Zhihong Tang , Jing Li , Xun Wang
{"title":"Hydrothermal enhanced etching of Ni for direct recovery of gold flakes from electronic waste†","authors":"Shuling Shen , Yu Chu , Ziwei Feng , Zheng Du , Huixin Xiu , Xinjuan Liu , Shuning Xiao , Zhihong Tang , Jing Li , Xun Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06607c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06607c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The content of precious Au in electronic waste (e-waste) is often tens to hundreds of times higher than that in natural ore deposits. Current technologies for recovering Au from e-waste mainly involve a two-step process of leaching and reduction, which are accompanied by high energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and toxic agents. In this article, we present an efficient, environmentally friendly and scalable hydrothermal catalysis technique for the one-step recovery of Au solid flakes from e-waste. The recovery process avoids the use of strong acids, alkalis, or toxic agents and operates under mild conditions (80–130 °C). During the hydrothermal reaction, Ni beneath the Au layer is selectively etched by hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), allowing the Au layer to be directly peeled off and recovered. Au solid flakes with a high recovery rate (up to 99.2%) and high purity (96.6%, without a further purification process) are obtained, eliminating the need for any additional reduction process. This research emphasizes the crucial role of both hydrothermal conditions and catalysts (<em>e.g.</em> TiO<sub>2</sub>) in promoting the generation of ˙OH. The results of an techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment indicate that this hydrothermal catalysis technique is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for large-scale Au recovery from e-waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4330-4340"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biping Xu , Xiaojie Liu , Lei Deng , Yaping Shang , Xiaoming Jie , Weiping Su
{"title":"Synthesis of catechols from cyclohexanones via acid-regulated dual oxidative transformations with TEMPO†","authors":"Biping Xu , Xiaojie Liu , Lei Deng , Yaping Shang , Xiaoming Jie , Weiping Su","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00115c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00115c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we disclosed a metal-free, operationally simple, general method for the straightforward synthesis of catechols <em>via</em> an α-oxygenation of cyclohexanone-initiated cascade oxidative reaction sequence. This metal-free method was particularly advantageous for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant catechols, as it eliminated the need for costly and potentially toxic metal catalysts. An exhibition of more than 60 cyclohexanone substrates proved the reliability of this protocol in directly synthesizing structurally diverse and synthetically useful bioactive molecules, which are conventionally unattainable by existing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4143-4151"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yangyang Chen , Yu Liao , Lei Li , Yiding Ding , Ying Wu , Zhen Zhang , Sha Luo , Yiqiang Wu , Yan Qing
{"title":"Solvothermal-assisted defect engineering in hierarchically porous carbonized wood fibers for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries†","authors":"Yangyang Chen , Yu Liao , Lei Li , Yiding Ding , Ying Wu , Zhen Zhang , Sha Luo , Yiqiang Wu , Yan Qing","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00414d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00414d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of carbon neutrality and reduced carbon dioxide emissions has necessitated the development of high-energy-density energy storage devices. To this end, Li–S batteries, with their exceptionally high energy density and theoretical specific capacity, have emerged as promising devices. However, the practical application of Li–S batteries is limited by the poor conductivity of sulfur and the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LPS). Herein, we present a scalable solvothermal-assisted carbonization strategy to engineer micro–mesoporous carbonized wood fibers (MMCWF) with precisely tailored structural defects and hierarchical porosity. Through a solvothermal treatment followed by carbonization, the WF are transformed into a nanostructured carbon material with a high specific surface area, abundant porosity, and one-dimensional hollow architecture. The as-assembled Li–S battery with sulfur-loaded MMCWF delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1389.6 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C. The MMCWF/S cathode exhibits a high-rate capacity of 690.6 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 4.0 C, and after 800 cycles at 1.0 C, the capacity decay per cycle is only 0.05%. This innovative material design not only provides a new sulfur host for Li–S batteries but also paves the way for the development of future high-performance energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4235-4243"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan J. Arteaga Giraldo , Tilo Söhnel , Paul A. Kilmartin , Jonathan Sperry
{"title":"Electrochemical oxidation–cyclocondensation of chitin-derived 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF) for the synthesis of 3-acetyl-4-acetamidopyrrolin-2-ones†","authors":"Juan J. Arteaga Giraldo , Tilo Söhnel , Paul A. Kilmartin , Jonathan Sperry","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06067a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06067a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitin, an abundant biopolymer, is a valuable source of biogenic nitrogen and ideal for producing organonitrogen compounds with a low carbon footprint. Among its derivatives, 3-amidofurans are key small-molecule platforms. This study demonstrates that 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF), derived from chitin, undergoes anodic oxidation in the presence of methanol to yield a 3-acetamido-2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran. This synthon facilitates the synthesis of 3-acetyl-4-acetamidopyrrolin-2-ones (21 examples) upon reaction with various primary amines under eco-friendly conditions at ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4259-4266"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqing Ma , Tiange Wang , Baolong Gong , Jiale Hou , Shuxian Ji , Huaijie Cao
{"title":"Enhanced corrosion resistance of an eco-friendly MXene composite coating with self-healing performance†","authors":"Xiaoqing Ma , Tiange Wang , Baolong Gong , Jiale Hou , Shuxian Ji , Huaijie Cao","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06219a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06219a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though various kinds of self-healing composite coatings have been proposed for long-term corrosion protection of metals toward sustainable development, the construction of highly efficient and thin coatings <em>via</em> an eco-friendly and time-saving process still remains a challenge. Herein, by combining MXene with strong impermeability and tannic acid as a green corrosion inhibitor, a calcium myristate/MXene composite coating was designed for Al alloys. The resultant thin composite coating (∼21.59 μm) exhibited high corrosion resistance, with a decreased corrosion current density of 7.028 × 10<sup>−9</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup> in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, as confirmed by electrochemical tests, surpassing the performances of calcium myristate and calcium myristate/MXene coatings without tannic acid. The self-healing capability was evaluated by electrochemical tests and the evolution of surface morphology of the scratched coating. The damaged MXene composite coating presented self-healing behavior, with a high self-healing efficiency of 99.53% after 8 days. The self-healing mechanism was attributed to the release of tannic acid from the damaged areas. In contrast to the complex functionalization and preparation process of organic coatings, the comprehensive advantages of this MXene composite coating outperformed those of previously reported self-healing MXene coatings. This work provides a facile strategy for constructing self-healing MXene coatings and expands the application potential of MXene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4369-4384"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-oil derived polyesteramides as water-degradable replacements for polyethylene†","authors":"Yohei Yoshinaka , Stephen A. Miller","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05490c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05490c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seed oil from <em>Brassica carinata</em> is a promising source for biobased aviation fuel. Interestingly, the seeds contain considerable sinapic acid and erucic acid, both of which can be utilized for bioplastic synthesis. From the latter, we report herein the synthesis of biobased and water-degradable polyesteramides (PEAs) <em>via N</em>,<em>N</em>′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)brassylamide (BHEBA). This diol was prepared from ethanolamine and brassylic acid, a C13 oxidation product of the C22 erucic acid, which makes up 42% of the fatty acids present in this non-GMO (non-genetically modified) Ethiopian mustard seed oil. After optimization of conditions, BHEBA was polymerized with aliphatic diacids to obtain the designed PEAs with high purified yields (77–88%) and good molecular weights (<em>M</em><sub>n</sub> = 7000–10 700 Da). The melting temperatures of these PEAs ranged from 130–139 °C, values comparable to those of several grades of polyethylene. Compared to shorter diacids, the brassylic acid incorporated into PEA structures improves hydrophobicity, and mechanical performance was not compromised after a daylong exposure to water. Furthermore, a 12-month PEA degradation study revealed significant hydrolytic degradation (at least 37% loss in <em>M</em><sub>n</sub>) under all the conditions studied: pH 2, pH 5, seawater, and deionized water. Their degradability was further evaluated under high-temperature conditions compared to several commercial plastics, establishing their superior degradability in seawater and deionized water. Chemical recyclability of PEA was demonstrated through facile aminolysis with ethanolamine to regenerate the BHEBA monomer in 84% yield. While further mechanical property improvement would be ideal, the results substantiate the high potential of brassylic acid-based polyesteramides to be eco-friendly replacements for some petroleum-derived commodity plastics, especially polyethylene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4152-4164"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaling Zhao , Deqing Zhao , Jingpeng He , Kaibin Ma , Jiatian Zhu , Jianrong Liu , Yongqi Zhang , Qinqin Xia , Ting Li
{"title":"Protective fractionation of highly uncondensed lignin with high purity and high yield: new insights into propanediol-blocked lignin condensation†","authors":"Yaling Zhao , Deqing Zhao , Jingpeng He , Kaibin Ma , Jiatian Zhu , Jianrong Liu , Yongqi Zhang , Qinqin Xia , Ting Li","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00024f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00024f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A lignin-first separation strategy can help improve the economic and environmental benefits of biorefinery. However, the self-condensation of lignin remains an insurmountable bottleneck in its isolation and valorization process. Therefore, the challenge of lignin separation is how to achieve a highly uncondensed lignin with high yield and high purity. In this work, we developed a ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on polyhydric alcohols, which can be used to treat moso bamboo at 80–90 °C to obtain highly uncondensed lignin which is light-colored and highly active. The uncondensed lignin exhibits a high β-O-4 retention rate, up to 52.82/100Ar, accounting for 90.24% of the β-O-4 content in the raw material. At the same time, the maximum yield and purity of uncondensed lignin can reach 33.6% and 95.5%, respectively. Furthermore, through DFT theoretical calculations, we have proved that the lignin protection strategy by 1,2-propanediol is achieved by grafting the hydroxyl functional group to the α position of the benzylic carbocation intermediate, thus revealing the intrinsic mechanism by which polyol effectively blocks lignin condensation. The lignin-first fractionation strategy based on ternary deep eutectic solvents with polyhydric alcohols and Lewis acids overcomes the defects of lignin condensation that is inevitable during lignin separation and depolymerization. It obtains highly uncondensed lignin with high yield and high purity, and provides a new idea for biorefinery under the lignin-first separation strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4244-4258"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiqi Geng , Wenhua Xue , Jian Ye , Ruilong Zhang , Puranjan Mishra , Jun Zhao
{"title":"Tailoring the electronic structure and acid–base properties of MgO by Ce doping promotes biomass-derived formic acid production at room temperature†","authors":"Yiqi Geng , Wenhua Xue , Jian Ye , Ruilong Zhang , Puranjan Mishra , Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00008d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00008d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-based monosaccharide oxidation for formic acid production is significant due to its potential to provide a sustainable, bio-based alternative to traditional fossil fuel-derived methods of formic acid synthesis. In this study, we developed a Ce–MgO catalyst by incorporating Ce to enhance the oxidation of glucose to formic acid. Compared to unmodified MgO, the Ce–MgO catalyst exhibits an increased number of basic sites and higher charge densities at the Mg and O sites. These modifications facilitate the selective dissociation of hydrogen peroxide to form ˙OOH species and enhance the adsorption of ˙OOH at the MgO sites. The electron-rich nature of these Mg(OH)(OOH) active sites lowers the energy barrier for the C–C cleavage and oxidation reaction through more efficient electron transfer. Consequently, the reaction can be conducted at room temperature, achieving a 97.34% conversion of glucose and 93.65% yield of formic acid, which represents the highest performance among all glucose oxidation catalysts for formic acid production. Furthermore, the Ce–MgO catalyst demonstrated its efficacy in catalyzing the oxidation of a mixed sugar solution derived from corncob, achieving a formic acid yield of 49.13% at 30 °C. Additionally, the formic acid produced <em>via</em> this process enables <em>in situ</em> hydrogen production at room temperature, highlighting an effective and sustainable approach for generating green hydrogen from biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4165-4176"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tansu Abbasoglu , Xabier Lopez de Pariza , Gabriel Perli , Danila Merino , Phœbé Caillard-Humeau , Antoine Duval , Luc Avérous , Lourdes Irusta , Alba González , Haritz Sardon
{"title":"Sustainable and biobased self-blown polycarbonate foams: from synthesis to application†","authors":"Tansu Abbasoglu , Xabier Lopez de Pariza , Gabriel Perli , Danila Merino , Phœbé Caillard-Humeau , Antoine Duval , Luc Avérous , Lourdes Irusta , Alba González , Haritz Sardon","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06429a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06429a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escalating environmental concerns driven by the continuous demand for fossil-based materials have sparked growing interest in designing biobased polymeric materials for high-added-value applications. A novel series of self-blowing polycarbonate foams derived from various biobased polyols (<em>e.g.</em> cashew nutshell liquid, vegetable oil, and lignocellulose) is reported by leveraging thiol-triggered carbon dioxide release in a formulation composed of a thiol and 5- and 6-membered cyclic carbonates. The polyol architecture enabled a tunable open-cell morphology and properties, achieving up to 41 wt% biobased content, marking the first incorporation of biobased monomers in this type of foam. In this context, cashew nutshell-based foam featured good cyclic endurance at 70% compression and a high-water uptake capacity of 8 g g<sup>−1</sup>. As a forward-looking solution to address environmental challenges, this foam effectively supports the germination of different types of vegetable seeds (<em>e.g.</em> bok choy (<em>Brassica rapa chinensis</em>), lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>), and radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em>)) in soilless environments, and its hydrolytic stability ensures reusability for subsequent seedling growth. This study lays the foundation for designing future environmentally friendly and renewable polymeric foams that are potentially recyclable with sustainable applications, <em>e.g.</em>, in hydroponics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4341-4351"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water-assisted clean electro-preparation of Co3Fe7 in molten salts: its enhanced ferromagnetic properties and hydrogen evolution rate†","authors":"Shengxi Zhao , Kaiyu Xie , Ali Reza Kamali","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05961a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05961a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A clean and efficient method for synthesizing intermetallic Co<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>7</sub> is reported, based on water-assisted molten salt electrolysis employing the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode, fabricated through the thermo-mechanochemical treatment of iron and cobalt oxides. The electrolysis is conducted at a cell voltage of 1.5 V, achieving an energy consumption of 1.47 kW h kg<sup>−1</sup>. Upon formation, the synthesized Co<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>7</sub> serves as an electrode for catalytic hydrogen production, demonstrating a current density of 91.7 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. These performances are compared with those of electrolytic Fe (1.49 kW h kg<sup>−1</sup> and 96.4 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and electrolytic Co (1.30 kW h kg<sup>−1</sup> and 40.8 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), both prepared under the same electrolysis potential but with different current–time profiles. The electrolytic Co<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>7</sub> exhibits superior ferromagnetic properties, with saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercivity values of 157.0 emu g<sup>−1</sup>, 4.3 emu g<sup>−1</sup> and 48.9 Oe, respectively, surpassing values reported in the literature for Fe–Co alloys. The findings suggest a sustainable approach for the green synthesis of Co<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>7</sub> with enhanced ferromagnetic properties. Additionally, the electrolytic Fe and Co<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>7</sub> show promise as electrode materials for molten salt hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 16","pages":"Pages 4320-4329"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}