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Ball milling-promoting difunctionalization of alkynyl sulfonium salts with sulfinic acids towards (Z)-1,2-disulfonylethenes†
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04895D
Li-Hua Yang, Bei Li, Lin Chen, Wen-Shi Yao, Han-Yue Peng, Sha Peng and Long-Yong Xie
{"title":"Ball milling-promoting difunctionalization of alkynyl sulfonium salts with sulfinic acids towards (Z)-1,2-disulfonylethenes†","authors":"Li-Hua Yang, Bei Li, Lin Chen, Wen-Shi Yao, Han-Yue Peng, Sha Peng and Long-Yong Xie","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04895D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04895D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we report a ball milling-promoted difunctionalization of alkynyl sulfonium salts with sulfinic acids under catalyst-, additive- and solvent-free conditions. This reaction enables the synthesis of various <em>Z</em>-selective 1,2-disulfonylethenes with a wide substrate scope and satisfactory yields. A short reaction time (about 10 minutes), room temperature, and a simple work-up procedure without the need for an extraction process make this method practical and sustainable in organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 12070-12075"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1D/3D hierarchical carbon skeleton confined NiFe nanoparticles with optimized three-phase interfaces as tri-functional electrocatalysts†
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04466E
Yuqing Chen, Binyang Liu, Xuesong Liu, Jiahui Ye, Kuan Deng, Chengjie Wu, Qiang Niu, Tao Yang, Wen Tian and Junyi Ji
{"title":"1D/3D hierarchical carbon skeleton confined NiFe nanoparticles with optimized three-phase interfaces as tri-functional electrocatalysts†","authors":"Yuqing Chen, Binyang Liu, Xuesong Liu, Jiahui Ye, Kuan Deng, Chengjie Wu, Qiang Niu, Tao Yang, Wen Tian and Junyi Ji","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04466E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04466E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rational design of transition metal-based durable multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion still remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a novel 1D carbon nanotube-modified 3D hollow carbon sphere with a hierarchical structure and strong interfacial interactions. Good surface dispersion of the bimetal seeds on the carbon sphere can achieve uniform growth of curly CNT arrays. The porous 3D carbon skeleton can provide support structures to stabilize NiFe seeds for uniform growth of the CNTs and the carbon layer; thus abundant FeNi<small><sub>3</sub></small>/(NiFe)<small><sub>9</sub></small>S<small><sub>8</sub></small> heterostructures encapsulated inside the 1D/3D skeleton can act as spatially dispersed active sites to accelerate reaction kinetics. Moreover, the multilevel 1D/3D structure with high porosity and hydrophilicity can promote the infiltration of electrolyte into the internal structure, thus constructing an optimal gas–solid–liquid interface to enhance the electrocatalytic process. Therefore, N–HCS@NiFe can achieve an overpotential and potential of 228 mV and 1.348 V <em>vs.</em> RHE at 10 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), respectively, while the half wave potential and average electron transfer number of N–HCS@NiFe for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are 0.80 V <em>vs.</em> RHE and 4.0, as well as excellent long-term stability at high current density for various reactions. This work provides a new strategy for the rational 1D/3D structural design and active metal spatial dispersion of multifunctional electrocatalysts for green and sustainable energy conversion applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 12043-12052"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single cobalt atom catalysis for the construction of quinazolines and quinazolinones via the aerobic dehydrocyclization of ethanol† 单钴原子催化乙醇的有氧脱氢环化作用生成喹唑啉和喹唑啉酮
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04928D
Xueping Zhang, Kai Xu, Yi Zhuang, Shihao Yuan, Yamei Lin and Guo-Ping Lu
{"title":"Single cobalt atom catalysis for the construction of quinazolines and quinazolinones via the aerobic dehydrocyclization of ethanol†","authors":"Xueping Zhang, Kai Xu, Yi Zhuang, Shihao Yuan, Yamei Lin and Guo-Ping Lu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04928D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04928D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The synthesis of N-heterocycles through the aerobic dehydrocyclization of ethanol is still significant and challenging since ethanol is the largest renewable small molecule feedstock but with high dehydrogenation activation energy. Herein, a single Co catalyst (Co<small><sub>1</sub></small>@NC-50) with oxidase-like active sites (CoN<small><sub>4</sub></small>) has been fabricated for the construction of quinazolines and quinazolinones using ethanol as the C<small><sub>2</sub></small>-synthon. The merits of this approach include the use of air as the oxidant and abundant metal recyclable catalyst, free of additives, high step and atom economy, and broad substrate scope, showing great potential for application in drug synthesis. The mechanistic insights are also gained: (1) ethanol dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step of this reaction, which is mainly implemented by ˙O<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>; (2) the CoN<small><sub>4</sub></small> site exhibits a strong ability for adsorption of O<small><sub>2</sub></small> and ethanol, and it has the lowest ethanol dehydrogenation energy barrier than CuN<small><sub>4</sub></small> and FeN<small><sub>4</sub></small>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of single atom catalysis for the synthesis of N-heterocycles using ethanol as the C<small><sub>2</sub></small>-synthon.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 120-132"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biological production and simulated moving bed purification of streptothricin F from food waste digestate†
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04026K
Xiaofang Zhou, Peiyi Li, Yuchen Sun, Zeyang Zhang, Chuanyi Yao, Qingbiao Li and Yuanpeng Wang
{"title":"Biological production and simulated moving bed purification of streptothricin F from food waste digestate†","authors":"Xiaofang Zhou, Peiyi Li, Yuchen Sun, Zeyang Zhang, Chuanyi Yao, Qingbiao Li and Yuanpeng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04026K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04026K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Globally, a significant amount of food waste is generated annually, representing a considerable potential resource. Anaerobic digestion for producing methane is the most effective method for utilizing food waste resources. However, the by-product, food waste digestate (FWD), is rich in C/N/P. Direct discharge of FWD may cause significant environmental burdens and lead to the loss of valuable resources. In this study, we established a system to convert FWD into the high-value agricultural antibiotic streptothricin F through biological fermentation by <em>Streptomyces lavendulae</em> and simulated moving bed (SMB) separation for energy and resource recovery. After biological fermentation, the concentration of streptothricin F in the co-fermentation of FWD and soluble starch by <em>Streptomyces lavendulae</em> reached 0.5144 g L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, and its concentration was 60.51 times higher than in the control. The COD conversion rate reached 82.50% after biological fermentation, achieving high-value utilization and harmless treatment of FWD. Streptothricin F was effectively separated using SMB technology, achieving a high purity of 97.47% and a recovery rate of 91.16%. Additionally, streptothricin F showed inhibitory effects against <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Colletotrichum</em>, indicating its broad-spectrum antifungal properties. The pure streptothricin F obtained through SMB separation against <em>Alternaria</em> had an EC<small><sub>50</sub></small> value of 0.66 μg mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, representing an 81.24 times improvement in antifungal activity compared to the unpurified fermentation broth (53.62 μg mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results indicated that the system had a relatively low environmental impact. This research presents a novel strategy for the high-value utilization of food waste digestate, advancing the technological level of biomass utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 11963-11975"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rational modulation of cellulose for zinc ion-based energy storage devices
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03525A
Penggao Liu, Chunrong He, Xinyue Chen, Ting Wang, Wei Song, Weifang Liu and Kaiyu Liu
{"title":"Rational modulation of cellulose for zinc ion-based energy storage devices","authors":"Penggao Liu, Chunrong He, Xinyue Chen, Ting Wang, Wei Song, Weifang Liu and Kaiyu Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC03525A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC03525A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aqueous zinc-ion energy storage technology is currently undergoing intensive exploration. The construction of high-efficiency batteries remains a significant obstacle to the further advancement of novel battery types and enhanced electrochemical performance. Nowadays, cellulose, an abundantly available biopolymer, is garnering attention as a promising green material for energy storage devices, particularly zinc ion-based energy storage devices. Its unique characteristics such as renewability, biodegradability, and excellent chemical stability make it a versatile candidate for various components of zinc-ion energy storage systems. By strategically modulating the properties of cellulose, advanced materials can be developed to enhance the capabilities of zinc-ion storage devices. This review summarizes the structures and characteristics of cellulose before delving into the recent progress achieved in research on zinc-ion energy storage systems using cellulose-based materials. These advancements include cellulose-derived carbon materials for zinc-ion capacitors, flexible zinc-ion capacitors based on cellulose-derived substances, cathodes incorporating cellulose-based hybrids and binders, anodes with cellulose host architectures, surface-modified, self-supporting cellulose separators, cellulose modification of separators, cellulose gel electrolytes and electrolyte additives, and there are prospects for future applications of cellulosic materials in zinc-ion energy storage systems. Through strategic modulation of their properties, the adaptability and efficiency of cellulosic materials in various components of zinc-ion energy storages can be significantly enhanced. Further studies focusing on innovative approaches for modifying, optimizing, and designing cellulosic materials are expected to unlock new avenues for sustainable high-performance energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 325-351"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in catalytic chemical recycling of synthetic textiles
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04768K
Carmen Moreno-Marrodán, Francesco Brandi, Pierluigi Barbaro and Francesca Liguori
{"title":"Advances in catalytic chemical recycling of synthetic textiles","authors":"Carmen Moreno-Marrodán, Francesco Brandi, Pierluigi Barbaro and Francesca Liguori","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04768K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04768K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Synthetic fibres cover most of the textile market, but their value chain is almost entirely linear. Common raw materials are non-renewable and oil-derived while requiring large amounts of (toxic) chemicals and energy for their processing into final products. In addition, synthetic textiles are usually non-biodegradable polymers; therefore, sustainable approaches for their depolymerisation into reusable monomers have not been implemented yet. As a result, most post-consumer synthetic textile waste ends up being landfilled, dispersed in the environment or incinerated, thus contributing significantly to global pollution. A possible solution to this issue is the design and use of advanced catalysts for their chemical recycling. This manuscript reviews the most significant approaches that appeared in the literature in the time span of 2015–2024, covering the selective depolymerisation process of synthetic waste textile to added-value reusable monomers using chemical catalysts. Unselective processes, for example, to produce fuel mixtures, biocatalytic methods and depolymerisation of polyolefins are not covered. The general aspects of the catalytic depolymerisation of synthetic polymers are briefly discussed, and the catalytic chemical recycling of synthetic textiles is detailed by the polymer type. While contributing to the overall achievement of the sustainable development goals, chemical recycling of synthetic textile waste may represent a useful strategy toward the circularity of the textile sector, which is almost unexplored.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 11832-11859"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/gc/d4gc04768k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CdS/Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide: a versatile heterogeneous photocatalyst for the acylation of indoles with α-keto acids†
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC05239K
Jun-Bo Wang, Tong Yue, Ling Xu, Zhi-Qiang Hao and Zhan-Hui Zhang
{"title":"CdS/Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide: a versatile heterogeneous photocatalyst for the acylation of indoles with α-keto acids†","authors":"Jun-Bo Wang, Tong Yue, Ling Xu, Zhi-Qiang Hao and Zhan-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4GC05239K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05239K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The CdS/Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) was successfully constructed by coupling CdS and Mg–Fe LDH based on the mutually complementary properties of the two materials. This stable and recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst was found to realize the C3-acylation of indoles with α-keto acids. The reactions were carried out under irradiation with blue light at room temperature using abundant and inexpensive air as the oxidant. This methodology gives easy access to 3-acyl indoles with high yields. CdS/Mg–Fe LDH can be recovered and reused for multiple runs without obviously losing its photocatalytic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 12034-12042"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comparative study of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04609A
Sabah Karimi, Saeideh Gharouni Fattah, Zheng Li, Miao Zuo, Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh and Xianhai Zeng
{"title":"A comparative study of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural","authors":"Sabah Karimi, Saeideh Gharouni Fattah, Zheng Li, Miao Zuo, Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh and Xianhai Zeng","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04609A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04609A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There has been a growth in research focusing on versatile platform molecules from biomass, such as 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), since they can produce a wide range of beneficial derivatives. Although the syntheses of HMF and CMF have been the subject of several investigations separately, determining which platform is superior is a significant consideration that is frequently missing from the body of current knowledge. The chlorine group in CMF introduces fundamental differences and creates new potential compared to the HMF molecule. This group leads to higher hydrophobicity properties and facilitates extraction from the reaction medium, and also improves the stability and reactivity of CMF, which makes this platform a milestone in the synthesis of value-added chemicals from biomass. CMF, as a fascinating platform, can be obtained from a range of biomass feedstocks, while HMF is only practically prepared at scale from fructose. This comprehensive review article, based on research from 2000 to 2024, compares HMF and CMF and introduces all the aspects that lead to the sustainability and increased application of CMF and carefully discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each platform molecule.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 379-402"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CO2 catalyzed recycling of polyester and polycarbonate plastics† 二氧化碳催化聚酯和聚碳酸酯塑料的回收利用†。
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04782F
Qiao Zhang, Nan Wang, Chenyang Hu, Peng-Yuan Li, Fu-Quan Bai, Xuan Pang, Xuesi Chen and Xianhong Wang
{"title":"CO2 catalyzed recycling of polyester and polycarbonate plastics†","authors":"Qiao Zhang, Nan Wang, Chenyang Hu, Peng-Yuan Li, Fu-Quan Bai, Xuan Pang, Xuesi Chen and Xianhong Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04782F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04782F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recycling waste polymeric materials is essential for environmental protection and achieving carbon neutrality. This study demonstrates the efficacy of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> as a metal-free catalyst for the chemical recycling of common waste polyester and polycarbonate plastics <em>via</em> alcoholysis to yield valuable organic chemicals. CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> was proposed to act as a Lewis acid–base pair, activating both alcohol and ester (carbonate) functional groups during the catalytic process. The depolymerization mechanism was thoroughly investigated by monitoring conversion rates and changes in <em>M</em><small><sub>n</sub></small> values. Pre-treatment of the polymer materials in THF was found to accelerate the depolymerization rate. End-of-life waste materials were completely degraded into valuable organic molecules, irrespective of their physical and chemical properties. Unlike conventional solid and liquid catalysts, CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> leaves no residue in the final products. Moreover, this work unveils the catalytic role for CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>, expanding its traditional function as a C1 building block in synthetic chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 11976-11983"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/gc/d4gc04782f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilize rather than create: transforming phthalonitrile resin into N-rich hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitor materials†
IF 9.3 1区 化学
Green Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04103H
Yi Li, Qiancheng Liu, Qian Zhang, Xiaoxiao Li, Yang Yang, Pan Wang, Kui Li, Ying Li, Fei Zhong, Qi Liu, Yun Zheng, Xulin Yang and Peng Zhao
{"title":"Utilize rather than create: transforming phthalonitrile resin into N-rich hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitor materials†","authors":"Yi Li, Qiancheng Liu, Qian Zhang, Xiaoxiao Li, Yang Yang, Pan Wang, Kui Li, Ying Li, Fei Zhong, Qi Liu, Yun Zheng, Xulin Yang and Peng Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04103H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04103H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phthalonitrile (PN) resins, renowned for their highly conjugated heteroaromatic N-rich structures, are exemplary precursors for the fabrication of porous materials. However, the conventional synthesis of PN is marred by the generation of the hazardous KNO<small><sub>2</sub></small> by-product that poses significant environmental, safety, and health hazards. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach to PN synthesis, utilizing 4-chlorophthalonitrile as the starting material. This “utilize rather than create” strategy employs the reaction product (RPH) as the precursor and the by-product (KCl) as the template for the synthesis of porous carbon (RKC). The formation mechanism of RKC is elucidated through TGA/FTIR and TGA/MS analysis. The resultant RKCs exhibit exceptional characteristics suitable for supercapacitor applications, including hierarchical micro-/meso-/macropores, an extensive specific surface area, a high N-doping level, and diverse N species (N-6, N-5, N-Q). RKC@600 achieves a remarkable specific capacitance of 300 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a retention of 96.1% capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. This research promotes the advancement of green and sustainable PN chemistry, driving forward the evolution of PN-based functional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 12019-12033"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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