Enzyme immobilization advances: a key to unlocking renewable bioenergy potential

This review provides an in-depth analysis of enzyme immobilization techniques and their application in catalyzing the transformation of biomass into high-value chemicals. The utilization of immobilized enzymes in biomass conversion demonstrates distinctive catalytic properties, enabling a more sustainable and efficient process for converting lignocellulosic materials into platform chemicals and biofuels. Immobilization enhances enzyme stability, facilitates repeated use, improves reaction control, reduces enzyme consumption, and minimizes operational costs. These attributes position immobilized enzymes as promising candidates for scalable, environmentally friendly biomass refining technologies. Furthermore, they contribute to higher yields and reduce environmental impact by decreasing reliance on harsh chemicals and simplifying downstream processing. Overall, enzyme immobilization, both technically and in terms of market opportunities, holds significant promise for advancing sustainable development in biorefineries.