ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Biological Augmentation Using Electrospun Constructs with Dual Growth Factor Release for Rotator Cuff Repair.","authors":"Yaping Ding, Yao Huang, Fucheng Zhang, Lei Wang, Wei Li, Hélder A Santos, Luning Sun","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c02006","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c02006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical reattachment of tendon to bone is the standard therapy for rotator cuff tear (RCT), but its effectiveness is compromised by retear rates of up to 94%, primarily due to challenges in achieving successful tendon-bone enthesis regeneration under natural conditions. Biological augmentation using biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. In this study, a bilayer construct incorporates polydopamine (PDA)-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP12 in separate poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fiber layers to promote osteoblast and tenocyte growth, respectively, and intermediate fibrocartilage formation, aiming to enhance the regenerative potential of tendon-bone interfaces. The lower layer, consisting of PLGA fibers with BMP2 immobilization through PDA adsorption, significantly accelerated osteoblast growth. Concurrently, the upper BMP12@PLGA-PDA fiber mat facilitated fibrocartilage formation and tendon tissue regeneration, evidenced by significantly elevated tenocyte viability and tenogenic differentiation markers. Therapeutic efficacy assessed through <i>in vivo</i> RCT models demonstrated that the dual-BMP construct augmentation significantly promoted the healing of tendon-bone interfaces, confirmed by biomechanical testing, cartilage immunohistochemistry analysis, and collagen I/II immunohistochemistry analysis. Overall, this combinational strategy, which combines augmentation patches with the controlled release of dual growth factors, shows great promise in improving the overall success rates of rotator cuff repairs.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"2548-2557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Effect of Microwave-Assisted <i>Opuntia humifusa</i> Extract (MA-OHE) against DSS-Induced Colitis.","authors":"Jeong-Yun Youn, Ju-Young Moon, Young-Chul Lee","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00113","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC), including chronic colitis, is characterized by severe inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of microwave-assisted <i>Opuntia humifusa</i> extract (MA-OHE), prepared using water (WE) and water-methanol (WME) solvents, in a chronic colitis model in mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Chemical profiling using UV-vis, FTIR, and HPLC analyses revealed that WME contains significantly higher concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds than WE. These bioactive compounds enhance the antioxidant capacity of WME, as demonstrated by the superior radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays and more pronounced suppression of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells activated with LPS. In the DSS-induced chronic colitis model, treatment with WME notably enhanced colitis indicators, such as by restoring body weight, lowering the disease activity index (DAI) score, and maintaining colon length. Additionally, MA-OHE (WME) treatment decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating strong anti-inflammatory effects. Histological examination additionally validated the recovery of colonic crypts and goblet cells and the reduction in inflammatory infiltration in groups treated with MA-OHE. These findings highlight the enhanced therapeutic potential of WME compared with that of WE, which is attributed to its richer composition of bioactive compounds. MA-OHE, particularly WME, demonstrated strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-protective effects, indicating its potential as a natural treatment for chronic colitis management. Proinflammatory cytokine level modulation underscores its effectiveness in mitigating inflammation and supporting colonic tissue recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"2601-2613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-Mimetic Zwitterionic Microgel Coatings for Antifouling and Enhanced Antithrombosis.","authors":"Xueyu Wang, Zhuojun Yan, Mengmeng Yao, Xiuqiang Li, Zhongming Zhao, Cheng Cao, Zhijie Zhao, Fanglian Yao, Yuping Wei, Hong Zhang, Junjie Li","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00057","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-contacting devices serve as a mainstay in clinical treatment, yet thrombosis remains a major cause of device failure and poses risks to patient health. In this study, we developed a diselenide cross-linker, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(methacryloyl)selenocystamine (BMASC), incorporated into poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) microgels (defined as BSM) to create an enzyme-mimetic zwitterionic microgel coating (BSMC). The superhydrophilicity of PSBMA provides outstanding antifouling performance, while the diselenide bonds mimic the catalytic action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in generating nitric oxide (NO). The microgels are covalently anchored to substrates pretreated with polydopamine (PDA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) through an epoxy-amine ring-opening reaction. During the drying process, the interpenetrating PSBMA chains of the microgels diffuse, forming a dense and smooth hydrogel coating. The BSMC exhibits exceptional resistance to nonspecific adhesion of proteins, cells, and bacteria, with the synergistic effects of antifouling properties and NO effectively inhibiting platelet adhesion. Furthermore, rabbit blood circulation experiments demonstrate the superior antithrombotic efficacy of the BSMC. This coating holds promise as an effective solution to address the thrombus formation challenges of blood-contacting devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"2580-2591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin Ionic Liquid Liposomes.","authors":"Beibei Lu, Bo Ruan, Jianglin Zhang, Jiaheng Zhang, Yanzhen Liang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin is an antioxidant with extremely high antioxidant activity. However, the stability and solubility of free astaxanthin are poor. Therefore, we prepared astaxanthin-betaine (ASTA-Bet) ionic liquid liposomes through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental research and studied their physicochemical properties and biological effects. This liposome has good stability and skin permeability. The cumulative permeability of the ASTA-Bet ionic liquid liposome is 22.95 times that of free astaxanthin and 2.41 times that of the ASTA-Bet ionic liquid. The particle size of astaxanthin liposomes was 117.2 nm, and the particle size did not change significantly after 28 days of storage, indicating good stability. Compared with free astaxanthin, the ASTA-Bet ionic liquid liposome has good antioxidant activity and can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 pathway damaged by ultraviolet radiation, which may contribute to the resistance to ultraviolet radiation damage. Therefore, it can be used as a raw material to develop cosmetics with antiaging and anti-inflammatory functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Surface Modification of Gold Nanoparticles Loaded with Small Nucleic Acid Sequences on Cytotoxicity and Uptake: A Comparative Study In Vitro.","authors":"Thuy Truong An Nguyen, Raphaël Dutour, Louise Conrard, Marjorie Vermeersch, Manon Mirgaux, David Perez-Morga, Nicolas Baeyens, Gilles Bruylants, Isabelle Demeestere","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticle technology, particularly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is being developed for a wide range of applications, including as a delivery system of peptides or nucleic acids (NA). Their use in precision medicine requires detailed engineering of NP functionalization to optimize their function and minimize off-target toxicity. Two main routes can be found in the literature for the attachment of NA strands to AuNPs: covalent binding via a thiol group or passive adsorption onto a specially adapted coating previously applied to the metallic core. In this latter case, the coating is often a positively charged polymer, as polyethylenimine, which due to its high positive charge can induce cytotoxicity. Here, we investigated an innovative strategy based on the initial coating of the particles using calix[4]arene macrocycles bearing polyethylene glycol chains as an interesting alternative to polyethylenimine for NA adsorption. Because any molecular modification of AuNPs may affect the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake, we compared the behavior of these AuNPs to that of particles obtained via a classical thiol covalent attachment in MCF-7 and GC-1 spg cell lines. We showed a high biocompatibility of both AuNPs-NA internalized in vitro. The difference in subcellular localization of both AuNPs-NA in MCF-7 cells compared to GC-1 spg cells suggests that their subcellular target is cell- and coating-dependent. This finding provides valuable insights for developing alternative NA delivery systems with a high degree of tunability.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-Phenolic Coordination mediated Nanoemulsions for All-in-One Drug Delivery.","authors":"Yeji Jeon, Jun Woo Park, Su Jin Lee, Ayun Seol, Yeojin Kim, Jeong Min Lim, Seong Gyu Choi, Juyong Gwak, Eunji Lee, Sang Myung Woo, Yun-Hee Kim, Dae Youn Hwang, Sungbaek Seo","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combination chemotherapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, enhancing antitumor efficacy while minimizing drug resistance and mitigating the risk of single-drug overdose toxicity. Polymeric drug delivery carriers for combination chemotherapy have been developed; however, the synthetic process of amphiphilic polymers is time-consuming and laborious. The polymer entanglement-based drug encapsulation has been limited in achieving a high multidrug encapsulation efficiency because of the intrinsic preference for encapsulation of drugs upon their polarity. Herein, inspired by dynamic bonding and supramolecular assembly of metal-phenolic coordinate bonds at the oil/water interface, nanoemulsions were fabricated via a dropwise emulsion process. The emulsion interface was formulated by the coordinate bonds and created a colloidally stable emulsion with 50-100 nm in diameter for 3 weeks. These nanoemulsions enabled the coencapsulation of anticancer drugs, hydrophilic gemcitabine, and hydrophobic paclitaxel. Moreover, the treatment of dual-drug-encapsulated nanoemulsions reduced cellular viability (57.0 ± 0.0%) compared to that of gemcitabine only encapsulated (84.0 ± 9.9%) and paclitaxel only encapsulated (83.4 ± 7.2%) nanoemulsion treatment, demonstrating the potential of multidrug delivery carriers for synergistic combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RmZHD Surface-Displayed <i>Escherichia coli</i> for High Efficiency and Low-Cost Degradation of Zearalenone.","authors":"Haoxiang Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Hui Ge, Shichen Geng, Li Liu, Baishan Fang, Lei Ren","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in the world, with estrogenic toxicity leading to significant annual economic losses and environmental pollution. RmZHD, a novel ZEN hydrolase, surpasses the efficiency of its predecessors but faces challenges in large-scale industrial application. In this work, an engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> that can degrade zearalenone is constructed based on synthetic biology and surface display methods. It can degrade 94% of zearalenone at 30 °C in 1 h (the final concentration was 1.898 μg/mL) and effectively degrade ZEN-derived toxins, including zearalanone, β-zearalanol, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol. This engineered <i>E. coli</i> requires no additional manipulation for the surface display of RmZHD and is cost-effective to produce. Moreover, it exhibits the capability to degrade ZEN in maize feed while concurrently mitigating inflammation in animal reproductive and digestive organs. In summary, the engineered <i>E. coli</i> with surface-displayed RmZHD presents a novel approach for environmentally sustainable and industrial-scale treatment of ZEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Dormancy versus Proliferation on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels via Laminin and Laminin-Derived Peptides.","authors":"Kasra Goodarzi, Paromita Sarker, Shreyas S Rao","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the secondary target organs for metastatic breast cancer, brain metastasis is extremely aggressive in nature, resulting in lower survival rates. These metastatic cancer cells have the potential to enter a dormant state in the brain, allowing them to survive for extended time periods. The brain microenvironment plays a key role in controlling the dormant phenotype, yet how various components of this microenvironment influence dormancy is not well understood. In this work, we employed hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels as a mimetic of the brain tissue environment to study the role of biochemical cues, specifically, the impact of laminin and laminin-derived peptides IKVAV and YIGSR on the regulation of brain metastatic breast cancer cell dormancy versus proliferation. We applied varying protein/peptide concentrations and confirmed functionalization on HA hydrogel surfaces. We then seeded 10,000 cancer cells on the hydrogel surface and cultured them for 5 days. We found that in the presence of laminin or IKVAV, MDA-MB-231Br cells transitioned from a rounded to a spread morphology and exhibited enhanced proliferation as the laminin/IKVAV concentration increased. In contrast, in hydrogels functionalized with YIGSR, these cells maintained a rounded morphology, with no impact on proliferation with varying YIGSR concentrations. We confirmed the involvement of αVβ3 integrin in mediating tumor cell phenotype in hydrogels functionalized with laminin. By evaluating known markers of dormancy and proliferation, we found a direct correlation between the presence of laminin and IKVAV and increased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK) positivity, along with decreased phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) positivity, while in hydrogels functionalized with YIGSR, the levels of both p-ERK and p-p38 remained unaltered. Finally, we demonstrated that when cells were transferred from IKVAV-deficient to IKVAV-rich hydrogels, the hydrogel induced cellular dormancy was reversible. Collectively, our findings provide insights into how laminin and laminin-derived cues regulate brain metastatic breast cancer cell dormancy versus proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Enriched with Lichenysin against Multidrug-Resistance Bacterial Infection in Wound Healing: In Vitro Studies and In Vivo Evaluation in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Swati Yadav, Dilip Kumar Arya, Shubham Kanaujiya, Santosh Kumar, Deepshikha Kushwaha, Anit Kumar, Prashant Pandey, Deshraj Deepak Kapoor, Abhishek Kumar, Ravi Kr Gupta, Iffat Zareen Ahmed, Parauvathanahalli Siddalingam Rajinikanth","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug resistance (MDR) infectious wounds are a major concern due to drug resistance, leading to increased patient morbidity. Lichenysin (LCN), a lipopeptide and biosurfactant obtained from certain strains of <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>, has demonstrated an excellent antimicrobial property. The present study focuses on the fabrication and comprehensive evaluation of LCN-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofiber scaffolds using an electrospinning technique as a potential wound healing biomaterial for the treatment of MDR infectious wounds in diabetic rats. The LCN-loaded PVA-PCL nanofiber scaffolds were characterized for their physicochemical, antimicrobial, in vitro cell line on L-929, hemocompatibility, flow cytometry, in vivo infectious wound healing, and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed smooth and porous nanofibers with diameters in the range 200-300 nm. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated the structural integrity, chemical compatibility, and amorphous nature of developed scaffolds. The scaffolds loaded with LCN demonstrated excellent water retention, moderate biodegradability, and sustained release of LCN for up to 72 h. Mechanical characterization demonstrated a robust tensile strength conducive to wound healing applications. Antimicrobial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) showed substantial antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. In vitro cell line studies showed enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and viability, signifying the cytocompatibility of these scaffolds. In vivo studies demonstrated exceptional infectious wound healing potential in diabetic rats. These findings indicate that LCN-enriched PVA-PCL scaffolds hold significant potential as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MDR infectious wounds in diabetic rats through a multifaceted approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregation-Induced Photosensitization of Long-Chain-Substituted Osmium Complexes for Lysosomes Targeting Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Ziyu Zhou, Shuo Li, Xiuqian Ding, Kun Zhang, Jie Zhou, Xin Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for cancer treatment. Seeking organelle-targeting photosensitizers (PSs) with robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is extremely in demand. Herein, we propose an aggregation-induced photosensitization strategy for effective PDT with osmium complexes. We designed and synthesized three osmium complexes (<b>Os-Me</b>, <b>Os-tBu</b>, and <b>Os-Nonly</b>) with ligands of different alkyl chains. In phosphate-buffered saline solution, the complex <b>Os-Nonly</b> formed a spherical aggregate with diameters of around 220 nm. The results from ROS assays indicate that <b>Os-Nonly</b> showed the highest efficiency in generating superoxide anions and singlet oxygen, demonstrating its role as a type I/II photosensitizer. Additionally, <b>Os-Nonly</b> specifically targeted lysosomes in 4T1 and MCF-7 cells, producing ROS in a sustained and efficient manner with high phototoxicity (IC₅₀ = 6.999 μM in MCF-7 cells), thereby inducing cancer cell death. In 4T1-tumor-bearing mice models, <b>Os-Nonly</b> effectively inhibited tumor growth with a minimal impact on normal organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}