ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Inclusion of Cationic Amphiphilic Peptides in Fmoc-FF Generates Multicomponent Functional Hydrogels.","authors":"Mariangela Rosa, Enrico Gallo, Paolo Pellegrino, Flavia Anna Mercurio, Marilisa Leone, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Barbara Carrese, Giancarlo Morelli, Antonella Accardo, Carlo Diaferia","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide building blocks have been recently proposed for the fabrication of supramolecular nanostructures able to encapsulate and in vivo deliver drugs of a different nature. The primary sequence design is essential for nanostructure property modulation, directing and affecting affinity for specific drugs. For instance, the presence of positively charged residues of lysine (K) or arginine (R) could allow improving electrostatic interactions and, in turn, the encapsulation of negatively charged active pharmaceutical ingredients, including nucleic acids. In this context, here, we describe the formulation and the multiscale structural characterization of hybrid cationic peptide containing hydrogels (HGs). In these matrices, the well-known low-molecular-weight hydrogelator, Fmoc-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF, Fmoc = fluorenyl methoxycarbonyl), was mixed with a library of cationic amphiphilic peptides (CAPs) differing for their alkyl chain (from C8 to C18) in a 1/1 mol/mol ratio. The structural characterization highlighted that in mixed HGs, the aggregation is guided by Fmoc-FF, whereas the cationic peptides are only partially immobilized into the hydrogelated matrix. Moreover, morphology, stiffness, topography, and toxicity are significantly affected by the length of the alkyl chain. The capability of the hydrogels to encapsulate negative drugs was evaluated using the 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) dye as a model.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Organic Framework that Enables Multifunctional Doxorubicin Delivery, Photofrin Post-treatment Phototoxicity Inhibition, and Heparin Neutralization.","authors":"Lingyu Zhang, Yue-Yang Liu, Yang Zong, Zhuo Lei, Shang-Bo Yu, Wei Zhou, Hui Wang, Dan-Wei Zhang, Zhan-Ting Li","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although porous frameworks are structurally ideal for the development of biomaterials through drug adsorption, sequestration, and delivery, integration of multiple biofunctions into a biocompatible porous framework would greatly improve its potential for preclinical investigations by increasing both therapeutic value and research and development efficiency. Herein, we report the preparation of a highly biocompatible supramolecular organic framework from an imidazolium-derived tetrahedral monomer and cucurbit[8]uril. The supramolecular organic framework has been revealed to have regular intrinsic porosity and adsorb doxorubicin, photofrin, and heparins driven by hydrophobicity and/or ion-pairing electrostatic interactions. In vivo or in vitro assays illustrate that this adsorption leads to efficient intracellular delivery of doxorubicin, which enhances its antitumor efficacy, elimination of photofrin, which inhibits its post-treatment phototoxicity without reducing its photodynamic therapeutic activity, and sequestration of (low-molecular-weight) heparins, which neutralizes their anticoagulation activity more efficiently than clinically used protamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Aptamer Sensor Based on Ru@ZIF-Pd Cathode for Acetamiprid Detection.","authors":"Mingyue Shao, Cuili Kong, Yilin Long, Wenbin Jiang, Huan Wang, Xiang Ren, Jinxiu Zhao, Qin Wei","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ is commonly used in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as a conventional luminophore. However, Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ can leak off the electrode surface, resulting in a reduced ECL signal. In this work, a nanocube composite material Ru@ZIF was prepared by incorporating doping luminescent Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ into the skeleton of Zn(II) ions and 2-methylimidazole (2-MI), and the ECL probe Ru@ZIF-Pd was prepared by in situ growth of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) was used as a coreactant to investigate the cathodic ECL behavior. The ZnCoCH@MXene-Au (ZC@T-Au) was used as a coreactant accelerator to promote the production of SO₄^•-, which effectively amplified the ECL intensity of Ru@ZIF-Pd. Under optimal experimental conditions, we successfully constructed an aptamer ECL sensor, which achieves an accurate detection of acetamiprid from 0.1 fM to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.029 fM. It provides a potential idea for the detection of pesticide residues in food.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Layer-by-Layer Polycaprolactone/Chitosan-Based Biomimetic Hybrid Nanofibroporous Scaffold for Enhanced Skin Tissue Regeneration: Integrating Solution Blow Spinning and Freeze Casting Techniques.","authors":"Divakar Singh, Darshna, Pradeep Srivastava","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanofibers, with their high surface area-to-volume ratio, elasticity, and mechanical strength, significantly enhance scaffold structures for skin tissue engineering. The present study introduces a unique method of combining solution blow spinning (SBS) and freeze casting to fabricate biomimetic hybrid nanofibroporous scaffolds (BHNS) using polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CH). The developed scaffolds mimic the fibrous porous natural extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and matrix deposition. The combined SBS and freeze-casting processes resulted in scaffolds with high porosity and optimal mechanical strength, crucial for effective skin regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the uniform, nonwoven, and beadless architecture of the PCL fibers and the fibroporous nature of the PCL/CH scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited excellent swelling behavior, controlled degradation rates, and enhanced mechanical properties. <i>In vitro</i> cell studies demonstrated scaffold cell-supportive properties in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and migration. This innovative layer-by-layer fabrication technique, integrating nanofibers with freeze-cast scaffolds, represents a significant advancement in skin tissue engineering, promising improved outcomes in wound healing and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of End-Tethered Methoxy-PEO Chain Density on Uremic Toxin Adsorption.","authors":"Ayda Ghahremanzadeh, Mehdi Ghaffari Sharaf, Marcello Tonelli, Larry D Unsworth","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2023, around 850 million people globally were affected by chronic kidney disease, which leads to the retention of uremic toxins and excess fluid in the blood. This study examines the adsorption of these toxins to poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films, known for their low-fouling properties. The gold surfaces were treated with 5 mM end-thiolated methoxy-terminated PEO (<i>m</i>-PEO) and analyzed using dynamic contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry to confirm the PEO film's presence and determine chain density. The adsorption of 25 different uremic toxins to <i>m</i>-PEO films was evaluated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), focusing on their binding affinity and adsorption dynamics. Results showed the effective modification of surfaces with <i>m</i>-PEO, with a notable change in contact angles and chain density (∼0.5 and 0.8 chains/nm²). Interestingly, pyruvic acid showed significant adsorption, whereas other toxins, such as hippuric acid, creatinine, and xanthosine had minimal interactions with the film. This indicates that the adsorption of these toxins is not primarily concentration driven and is rather dependent on the chemical structure of each toxin. These findings provide important insights for designing low-fouling coatings for biomedical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Engineering of a Dynamic, Enzyme-Driven DNA Walker for Intracellular Dual-Enzyme Activity Sequentially Monitoring and Imaging.","authors":"Tingting Zhao, Yi Fang, Shuolin Qin, Wei Gong, Sheng Xu, Fan Xu, Wenxiao Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring enzyme activity is crucial in both scientific research and clinical applications. However, abnormalities in a single enzyme's activity can indicate multiple diseases, limiting the specificity of single enzyme activity monitoring in clinical diagnosis. We developed a dynamic DNA walker that can be sequentially activated by two enzymes, enabling the monitoring and imaging of both enzyme activities within cells. Initially, the DNA walker contains a site for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). Upon APE1 activation, the DNA walker forms specific structures recognized and cleaved by Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). The temporal disparity between the activities of APE1 and FEN1 allows for the sequential monitoring and imaging of both enzymes, reducing the likelihood of false-positive results. To enhance local concentration and decrease reaction time, the DNA walk sequence was attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The fruition of this endeavor will facilitate the investigation and advancement of multiple enzyme activity monitoring and imaging methods and technologies, while simultaneously broadening the domains of application for DNA nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Itaconic Acid Oligomers for Electrostatically Spun Degradable Implantable Biobased Polyurethane","authors":"Mengqiu Quan,&nbsp;Minghui Cui,&nbsp;Genzheng Sha,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Jiamei Fu,&nbsp;Renlong Yang,&nbsp;Jin Zhu and Jing Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c0152610.1021/acsabm.4c01526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01526https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01526","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing implantable medical materials with excellent comprehensive performance has important practical applications. Cardiovascular and bile ducts are characterized by various forms of diseases and high morbidity and mortality. One of the effective treatment modalities for such diseases is replacement surgery. Since commercially available materials for tubular organ sites are in short supply and the number of autologous and natural grafts is limited, the study of implantable materials that can be prepared in tubes is of great significance. This study reports on an implantable medical polyurethane material (IBP-PU) with a binary soft segment structure prepared by microwave synthesis. The material exhibits excellent mechanical properties (with a mechanical strength of 33.00 ± 4.02 MPa and a strain at break of 519.93 ± 53.44%), and stable thermomechanical properties (<i>T</i>_d5% &gt; 250 °C). The excellent biocompatibility of IBP-PU (hemolysis rate = 2.55% and cell survival on the fifth day over 100%, etc.) makes it suitable for implantable medical applications. Its appropriate degradation rate allows for slow in vivo degradation with the generation of tissues, and the degradation products are nontoxic and do not require removal by secondary surgery. Additionally, the material has been successfully prepared using electrostatic spinning technology, resulting in a 5 mm caliber. It is significant for small-caliber cardiovascular, bile duct, and other in vivo tubular grafts.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"7 12","pages":"8685–8695 8685–8695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle Electrode Patch Modified with Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes for Continuous Uric Acid Monitoring and Diet Management in Hyperuricemia","authors":"Ziyi Zhao,&nbsp;Boyu Zhu,&nbsp;Xinru Li,&nbsp;Jiayi Cao,&nbsp;Min Qi,&nbsp;Lin Zhou* and Bin Su*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c0128610.1021/acsabm.4c01286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01286https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01286","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hyperuricemia is a common disorder induced by purine metabolic abnormality, which will further cause chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and gout. Its main pathological characteristic is the high uric acid (UA) level in the blood, so that the detection of UA is highly important for hyperuricemia diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we report a biocompatible and minimally invasive microneedle electrode patch (MEP) for continuous UA monitoring and diet management in hyperuricemia. The composite of graphene oxide and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes was modified on the microneedle electrode surface to enhance its sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, thus realizing the continuous detection of UA in the interstitial fluid to accurately predict the UA level in the blood. This further allowed us to study the hypouricemic effect of anthocyanins on the hyperuricemia model mouse. It was found that anthocyanins extracted from blueberry can effectively inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase to reduce the production of UA. The UA level of hyperuricemia model mice fed with anthocyanins is ∼1.7 fold lower than that of the control group. We believe that this MEP offers enormous promise for continuous UA monitoring and diet management in hyperuricemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"7 12","pages":"8456–8464 8456–8464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Antibacterial Surface of Transparent PMMA Membranes with α-ZrP Nanosheets Adsorbing Tetraalkylammonium Ions","authors":"Jooho Jung,&nbsp;Marin Eguchi,&nbsp;Shintaro Ida and Kai Kamada*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c0134210.1021/acsabm.4c01342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01342https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01342","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We fabricated composite membranes containing inorganic nanosheets (NSs) and polymers and demonstrated their outstanding antibacterial performance against several opportunistic pathogens. Layered α-zirconium phosphate [Zr(HPO₄)₂, α-ZrP] as a pristine compound of NS was exfoliated by ion-exchanging protons in the interlayer space of α-ZrP with bulky tetraalkylammonium ions (TRA⁺: R = butyl, hexyl, and octyl). During the exfoliation process, TRA⁺ was electrostatically adsorbed onto α-ZrP NS with a negative surface charge (ZrP-TRA-NS). The produced PMMA membrane including α-ZrP NS (PM-ZrP-TRA-NS) was optically transparent and prohibited bacterial growth, and the effect was stronger for Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> than Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The antibacterial activity of PM-ZrP-TRA-NS was based on physical damage induced by both 2D ceramic NSs and sharp alkyl chains of TRA⁺. Despite the inherent flexibility of alkyl chains, when adsorbed onto the NSs, they can act in a manner that effectively pierces the bacterial cell wall. The piercing force of TRA⁺ was greater for the longer alkyl chains (TBA⁺ &lt; THA⁺ &lt; TOA⁺). Focusing on the difference in the cell wall structure between these bacteria, the growth of Gram-positive <i>S. aureus</i> with loose peptidoglycan layers as an outer membrane could be easily inhibited by contact with the composite film. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria <i>E. coli</i>, surrounded by a relatively dense outer cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide layers, could not be damaged easily. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of PM-ZrP-TRA-NS membranes was elucidated, and their usefulness as antimicrobial coatings for existing solid surfaces was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"7 12","pages":"8590–8598 8590–8598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GFP Farnesylation as a Suitable Strategy for Selectively Tagging Exosomes","authors":"Rebecca Piccarducci,&nbsp;Lorenzo Germelli,&nbsp;Alessandra Falleni,&nbsp;Lucrezia Luisotti,&nbsp;Benedetta Masciulli,&nbsp;Giovanni Signore,&nbsp;Chiara Migone,&nbsp;Angela Fabiano,&nbsp;Ranieri Bizzarri,&nbsp;Anna Maria Piras,&nbsp;Chiara Giacomelli,&nbsp;Laura Marchetti* and Claudia Martini,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c0111210.1021/acsabm.4c01112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01112https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01112","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) constituting fully biological, cell-derived nanovesicles with great potential in cell-to-cell communication and drug delivery applications. The current gold standard for EV labeling and tracking is represented by fluorescent lipophilic dyes which, however, importantly lack selectivity, due to their unconditional affinity for lipids. Herein, an alternative EV fluorescent labeling approach is in-depth evaluated, by taking advantage of green fluorescent protein (GFP) farnesylation (GFP-f), a post-translational modification to directly anchor GFP to the EV membrane. The performance of GFP-f is analyzed, in terms of selectivity and efficiency, in several typical EV experimental setups such as delivery in recipient cells, surface engineering, and cargo loading. First, the capability of GFP and GFP-f to label exosomes was compared, showing significantly higher GFP protein levels and fluorescence intensity in GFP-f- than in GFP-labeled exosomes, highlighting the advantage of directly anchoring the GFP to the EV cell membrane. Then, the GFP-f tag was further compared to Vybrant DiD lipophilic dye labeling in exosome uptake studies, by capturing EV intracellular fluorescence in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The internalization assay revealed a particular ability of GFP-f to monitor the uptake of tagged exosomes into recipient cells, with a significant peak of intensity reached 12 h after administration by GFP-f but not Vybrant-labeled EVs. Finally, the GFP-f labeling capability was challenged in the presence of a surface modification of exosomes and after transfection for siRNA loading. Results showed that both procedures can influence GFP-f performance compared to naïve GFP-f exosomes, although fluorescence is importantly maintained in both cases. Overall, these data provide direct insight into the advantages and limitations of GFP-f as a tagging protein for selectively and accurately tracking the exosome route from isolation to uptake in recipient cells, also in the context of EV bioengineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"7 12","pages":"8305–8318 8305–8318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}