Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"MoO3 Doping Modulates CeO2/TiO2 Catalysts for Simultaneous NOx Reduction and Toluene Oxidation in Alkali-Rich Flue Gas: Unraveling the Microscopic Electronic Origin via DFT Calculations","authors":"Zhuang Hu,&nbsp;Yue Lv,&nbsp;Hai-lan Qin,&nbsp;Xin-yue Zhou,&nbsp;Yang-wen Wu,&nbsp;Li Zhao,&nbsp;Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CeO₂/TiO₂ catalysts are prone tosevere deactivationin KCl-enriched flue gas environments derived from biomass or solidwaste combustion during the removal of NO and toluene. While MoO₃ doping significantly improves their resistance to KCl poisoning,the microscopic interaction mechanisms between surface components(MoO₃, KCl, CeO₂) and the reactants are stillpoorly understood. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) is appliedto reveal the intrinsic insights into electron transfer, bonding,reactant adsorption, and activation characteristics. The results indicatethat MoO₃ doping weakens the charge transfer between KCland active Ce sites, reduces the band gap, and enhances surface electronmobility. The introduction of MoO₃ is capable of effectivelysuppressing the poisoning effect of KCl on catalysts for NO reductionand toluene oxidation. This modification strengthens NH₃ adsorption and generates more active sites, thereby alleviatingthe inhibitory impact of KCl on NH₃ activation. Furthermore,MoO₃ restores the interfacial charge transfer that is depressedby KCl, diminishes the repulsive interaction toward toluene, and decreasesthe activation barrier for toluene oxidation, ultimately facilitatingthe progression of successive oxidation reactions. This study clarifiesthe electronic origin of the enhanced poisoning resistance achievedby MoO₃ introduction and offers guidance for developingcatalysts toward multipollutant synergistic purification under complexflue gas conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22807–22821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Low-Temperature Alkaline Ammonia Electrolysis Using a Gross Margin Model","authors":"Haowei Long,&nbsp;Chun Yat Sit,&nbsp;Jitendra K. Gupta,&nbsp;Michael A. Reynolds,&nbsp;Yoon Jun Son,&nbsp;Kun Zhang,&nbsp;Andrew A. Gewirth,&nbsp;Paul J. A. Kenis","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ammonia has become a promising hydrogen carrier becauseof itshigh hydrogen density, established infrastructure, and easier liquefactioncompared with hydrogen. Although thermal cracking is currently themain method for extracting hydrogen from ammonia, it is energy intensiveand not ideal for decentralized or modular use. Ammonia electrolysisprovides a low-temperature alternative but faces challenges that havenot yet been fully understood. In this study, we perform a techno-economicanalysis of alkaline ammonia electrolysis in membrane electrode assembly(MEA) cells with performance data validated through experiments andstrategies involving dynamic operation. The analysis incorporateskey techno-economic assumptions, including the capital recovery factor,consumer price index, Faradaic efficiency, ammonia utilization efficiency,ammonia transportation cost, balance-of-plant costs, and fixed operatingand maintenance costs. A gross margin-based framework is employedto evaluate profitability under different market and operational conditions,including current density threshold and applied cell potential. Thesystem can achieve positive gross margins in certain applicationsat the typical market prices. Sensitivity analysis shows that productand reactant prices, followed by applied cell potential and electricityprice, have the greatest impact on the system profitability. Operationalanalysis also reveals a trade-off between the current density andworking charge ratio that defines a practical performance window formaximizing economic returns. While this analysis confirms the feasibilityof MEA-based ammonia electrolysis under specific conditions, additionalresearch is necessary to address the remaining concerns about durability,ammonia crossover, and catalyst poisoning. The findings offer guidancefor the future system design and performance goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22945–22958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Interfacial and Defect Engineering of Fe–Cu Phosphate/Heteroatom-Doped g-C3N4 Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitive Energy Storage","authors":"Pranav Kalidas Katkar,&nbsp;Sang-Wha Lee","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ever-increasing need for energy storage technologiesthat provideboth high energy density and long operational lifespans has sparkedsignificant interest in developing carbon-based nanostructures coupledwith transition-metal phosphates, representing a promising pathwayfor advanced supercapacitors (SCs). In this work, we introduce a two-stepchemical methodology for constructing iron–copper (Fe–Cu)phosphate nano/microarchitectures chemically bridged with (phosphorus(P) and/or sulfur (S) doped) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) frameworks (collectively referred to as the FCP-CNseries). The detailed structural and morphological investigationsverified the effective fabrication of these Fe–Cu phosphate/(P,S-doped)g-C₃N₄ composites, which possess hierarchicallystructured mesoporous architectures composed of interconnected nano/microsheetsand particles, a morphology that promotes superior electrical conductivity,robust interfacial coupling, and swift ion/electron transport dynamics.Among the prepared materials, the optimized FCP-CN-5 formulation demonstrateda notable specific capacitance (Csp) of 1283 F/g at 5.0 A/g, alongwith exceptional cyclability, with 96% retention over 10,000 consecutivecharge–discharge operations. This outstanding electrochemicalefficiency originates from the synergistic combination of redox-activeFe–Cu phosphate and nitrogen-rich, heteroatom-doped g-C₃N₄, which together provide plentiful electroactivesites, well-developed mesoporous diffusion pathways, and significantlyaccelerated charge-transfer kinetics. To assess the real-world feasibilityof this material, we assembled a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor(SASC) incorporating FCP-CN-5 (cathode) and reduced graphene oxide(rGO) (anode), using a PVA–KOH electrolyte. This SASC operatedstably within a +1.6 V window, delivering a notable Csp of 92 F/gat 1.0 A/g and retaining 91% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles.Significantly, the constructed SASC exhibited an energy density of32.9 Wh/kg at a power density of 800 W/kg and illuminated commerciallight-emitting diodes (LEDs), revealing its enormous potential forfunctional applications. Collectively, these results confirm thatthe hierarchically mesoporous Fe–Cu phosphate/P-doped g-C₃N₄ hybrid composite is a highly efficient and attractiveelectrode material for advanced SC technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22914–22930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonate Mineral Dissolution in Coal and the Associated Evolution of Fracture–Macropore Structure under Hot Flue Gas Treatment","authors":"Youping Xu,&nbsp;Xiangliang Zhang,&nbsp;Baiquan Lin,&nbsp;Chunshan Zheng","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hot flue gas injection into coal seams shows considerablepotentialfor enhancing gas drainage from low-permeability coal seams; however,how the carbonate mineralogical composition of coal controls its fracture–macroporeresponse to CO₂–H₂O acidification remainspoorly constrained. In this study, WL, DX, and DLT coal samples withmarkedly different carbonate mineral contents were selected for acidificationexperiments using a CO₂–H₂O system asthe reactive analogue of hot flue gas. X-ray diffraction, stereomicroscopicobservation, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry,and three-dimensional X-ray microscopy (3D-XRM) were jointly employedto elucidate the coupling between mineral dissolution and the evolutionof fracture–macropore structures. The results show that pore-structureresponses are strongly governed by the carbonate mineralogical basisof the coal. In WL and DX samples, calcite was preferentially dissolved,accompanied by the weakening of the mineral–matrix interfaceand local space release, which led to three characteristic evolutionmodes: expansion mode of pre-existing fractures, unblocking mode ofclosed pores, and generation mode of newly formed fractures. Afterthree acidification cycles, the average surface fracture length ofWL increased to 1.20 mm, while the fracture area ratio of DX roseto 9.82%. Correspondingly, the macropore volumes of WL and DX increasedby 34.8 and 22.2%, respectively, representing the primary contributionto pore-volume enhancement. By contrast, the low-carbonate DLT sampleshowed a net reduction in total pore volume (−11.8%), drivenmainly by mesopore blockage. These findings demonstrate that hot flue-gasacidification does not universally activate the fracture–macroporestructure of coal. Its effectiveness depends on whether carbonatedissolution can be converted into an effective fracture–macroporeconnected space. This study provides a mineralogical basis for identifyingcoal seams suitable for hot flue gas stimulation and for optimizingrelated injection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22657–22671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review and Perspectives of Gas Hydrate Modeling of Plugging Risks in Multiphase Petroleum Production Systems","authors":"Luiz F. R. Dalla,&nbsp;Earle D. Sloan,&nbsp;Carolyn A. Koh,&nbsp;Luis E. Zerpa","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c01856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c01856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This Review synthesizes advances over the past two decadesin mechanisticgas hydrate models coupled with one-dimensional transient multiphaseflow. Core model components, including gas hydrate growth kinetics,viscosification, deposition, and sloughing, and their interactionwith multiphase flow were examined. Models developed for oil-, water-,and gas-dominated systems are reviewed with respect to their underlyingassumptions and implications for predicting gas hydrate plugging.Outstanding limitations are identified, and directions for futureresearch are provided. This work has significant value for the flowassurance community, providing a thorough review of the mechanismsand gas hydrate models.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22331–22358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Study of Amorphous Ice with Very High Methane Capacity","authors":"Kirill V. Gets,&nbsp;Ravil K. Zhdanov,&nbsp;Yulia Yu. Bozhko,&nbsp;Xingxun Li,&nbsp;Guangjin Chen,&nbsp;Vladimir R. Belosludov","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents amorphous solid water structures containingexceptionally large amounts of methane, which could be used as a theoreticalbasis for a new methane storage method. Based on molecular dynamicsand lattice dynamics methods, this study has demonstrated the stabilityof these structures over a wide range of thermodynamic parameters.Structural features have been investigated by calculating the numberof hydrogen bonds and order parameters. The work shows the temperaturedependencies of structural, dynamic, and energy characteristics atdifferent methane contents. These characteristics, as well as thediffusion coefficient and methane content, have been compared withthose of gas hydrates. The work demonstrates the possibility of storingup to 20–40 wt % of methane depending on the temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22782–22790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alaska North Slope HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well (GDW) Downhole Logging, Pressure Coring, and Completion Operations and Data","authors":"Timothy S. Collett,&nbsp;Scott Marsteller,&nbsp;Ray Boswell,&nbsp;William F. Waite,&nbsp;Stephen C. Phillips,&nbsp;John Pohlman,&nbsp;Margarita V. Zyrianova,&nbsp;Seth S. Haines,&nbsp;Jun Yoneda,&nbsp;Than Tin Aung,&nbsp;Norihiro Okinaka,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Nakatsuka,&nbsp;William Isaacson,&nbsp;Amanda Dial,&nbsp;Doug Cismoski,&nbsp;Peter Schultheiss,&nbsp;Mike Mimitz,&nbsp;Melanie Holland,&nbsp;Sukru Merey","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c00867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c00867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The “Collaborative Gas Hydrate R&amp;D Projectin Alaska,”led by the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC),the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Geological Survey,aims to examine and assess gas hydrate reservoir systems, their productionbehavior, potential environmental impacts, and extraction methodologies.The existing oil and gas infrastructure on the Alaska North Slope(ANS) has enabled long-term field studies and helped pave the wayfor evaluating Alaska’s gas hydrate production characteristics.In February 2023, a significant milestone was reached in Alaska’shistory of gas hydrate-related energy studies with the establishmentof a gas hydrate production test site in the Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU)(an industry operational area). The pressure drawdown tests at thissite started on October 24, 2023, and were completed on July 30, 2024.This endeavor followed earlier drilling efforts, including a stratigraphictest well and a geological data well, which verified the geologicalconditions at the proposed test site and confirmed its suitabilityfor testing. The focus of this report is on operations conducted inthe HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well (GDW), which was completed in November2022. The primary objective of GDW operations was to collect extensivegeological data to facilitate site characterization and analysis ofthe production test results. This report describes the logging-while-drilling(LWD) and pressure coring programs used to gather data from two previouslyidentified gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs (B1 and D1 sands) in theHYDRATE 01 Stratigraphic Test Well, completed in December 2018. Thisreport also describes the advanced technology, including temperatureand pressure gauges and fiber-optic systems, installed in the GDWto monitor geological conditions and the behavior of the gas hydrate-bearingreservoir during the depressurization test conducted in the HYDRATEP1 (PTW-1) well.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22593–22621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Battery Deflagration by the Free Space and Aerogel Wall Surface Inside an Explosion-Proof Power Enclosure","authors":"Deyuan Jia,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Xianyu Yu,&nbsp;Yang Lin,&nbsp;Fei Ren,&nbsp;Bobo Shi","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deflagration of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway (TR)productsposes a safety challenge for explosion-proof power enclosures in undergroundcoal mines. In this study, sealed-chamber experiments and chemicalkinetic simulations were combined to investigate the effects of free-spacevolume and silica aerogel wall linings on the deflagration of TR productsreleased from commercial 26700 lithium iron phosphate cells. Free-spacevolume exhibited a pronounced nonmonotonic effect on deflagrationintensity. The maximum deflagration pressure (<em>P</em>_max) reached 0.51 MPa at 53 L, whereas the maximum pressurerise rate ((d<em>P</em>/d<em>t</em>)_max) peaked at 7.07 MPa/s at 42 L. Gas composition and kinetic analysessuggested that this behavior reflected the coupled effects of fuelconcentration, oxidation progress, and physical confinement. Restrictedfurther oxidation at smaller volumes and stronger fuel dilution atlarger volumes contributed to the reduced deflagration intensity.At a reference free-space volume of 84 L, introducing a 3 mm aerogelfelt liner reduced <em>P</em>_max and (d<em>P</em>/d<em>t</em>)_max by 33.2% and 34.9%,respectively, while further thickening provided smaller incrementalbenefits. The suppression may involve gas–solid heat exchangeand pressure-wave attenuation, with additional possible contributionsfrom the retention of condensable species and heterogeneous radicalloss at pore surfaces. These findings highlight the combined rolesof combustion processes and wall interactions in TR product deflagrationand provide a basis for free-space allocation and wall-lining designin lightweight safer explosion-proof battery enclosures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22931–22944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of “Optimizing Carbon Dioxide Injection for Methane Hydrate Development and Carbon Sequestration: A Long-Term Numerical Simulation Study”","authors":"Zhaobin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuxuan Li,&nbsp;Tao Xu,&nbsp;Shouding Li,&nbsp;Xiao Li,&nbsp;Cheng Lu,&nbsp;Xuwen Qin","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c04889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22984–22984"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Photochemical and Electrochemical CO2 Valorization: Current Progress and Future Perspectives for Re-envisioning Carbon","authors":"Md Shakil,&nbsp;Sumbul Raza,&nbsp;Mariyam Saniya,&nbsp;Tokeer Ahmad","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The elevated level of carbon dioxide (CO₂),accompaniedby additional greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to increased anthropogenicactivities, highlights major obstacles in the quest for a clean-energyfuture. The chemical transformation of CO₂ into value-addedproducts exhibits the ability to reduce carbon emissions. Therefore,confronting the challenges of escalated climate change coupled withenergy shortages, synthesizing affordable and efficient catalystsfor the CO₂ valorization into sustainable products constitutesa viable redressal. The review deals with the process of CO₂ reduction by photochemical and electrochemical methods, displayingsuperior performance and carbon-free energy policies, which alignwell with the environmental impact. The conversion of solar energyinto storage-stable molecular bonds is widely acknowledged throughsunlight-driven CO₂ reduction, whereas electrochemicallydriven CO₂ valorization generates electricity from varioussustainable renewable energy resources to further coalesce capturedCO₂ into high-value compounds, including methanol, ethylene,methane, carbon monoxide, acetate, and formic acid. The study showsthat the kinetically controlled step in the net CO₂ reductionhas a significant role in the evolution direction and in facilitatingsustainable energy production of carbon-containing intermediates derivedfrom a proton-electron-coupled process. Further, the two differenttypes of electrodes have been discussed for converting CO₂ into valuable products. A section has been dedicated to analyzingconverted products employing different spectroscopic methodologies,for instance, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography,and nuclear magnetic resonance. Also, their performance has been assessedby reporting quantum yield, turnover frequency (TOF), turnover number(TON), and selectivity. Lastly, the various challenges and perspectivesare discussed and concluded with a precise conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 41","pages":"22389–22420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}