Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Gas-in-Place Content and Free Gas Ratio in Deep CBM of the Daning–Jixian Block: An Isotope Fractionation Method","authors":"Feng Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yongzhou Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mo Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jun Wang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chunhu Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Lingqi Liu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02892","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study focuses on deep coal samples from the Yichuan Well block in the Daning–Jixian area of the Ordos Basin. Samples were obtained through conventional coring and pressure-holding coring (PHC) techniques, and field degassing experiments were conducted to measure the carbon isotopic compositions of CH₄ (δ¹³C₁) and CO₂ (δ¹³C_CO2) in the degassing gas. The results indicate that during the deep CBM field degassing, carbon isotope fractionation for CH₄ ranges from 3.3 to 24.9‰, exhibiting three distinct fractionation patterns: Type I (initially stable, then decreasing), Type II (continuously increasing), and Type III (initially decreasing, then increasing). Based on the four-stage general pattern of isotope fractionation observed in the complete shale gas degassing process (stable→decrease→increase→decrease again), Type I corresponds to the first and second stages (stable→decrease), attributed to pressure-driven seepage in the fracture-cleat-macropore system. Type II is the most common pattern observed in the field degassing experiments, corresponding to the third stage (increase) of the four-stage general pattern, reflecting the extensive desorption of adsorbed gas from the matrix pores. Type III appears exclusively in PHC samples, corresponding to the second and third stages (decrease→increase), indicating the simultaneous production of free and adsorbed gas. The carbon isotope fractionation pattern of CO₂ differs significantly from that of CH₄, possibly related to differences in diffusion coefficients and adsorption capacities between gas components, leading to desorption stage differentiation. Using the carbon isotope fractionation (CIF) model that considers the bidisperse pore structure and multiple gas transport mechanisms of coal developed by previous researchers, we established a quantitative evaluation method for gas-in-place (GIP) content and in situ free gas ratio in deep CBM, and validated the method’s accuracy through pressure-holding coring data. The evaluation results show that the GIP content of deep coal samples in the Daning–Jixian block ranges from 22.9 to 39.2 m³/t (with an average of 27.2 m³/t), and the in situ free gas ratio ranges from 16.4% to 29.0% (with an average of 23.4%). Comparative analysis with four global deep shale gas regions, one shallow shale gas region, three deep coalbed methane (CBM) regions, and one shallow CBM region confirms that the deep CBM in the Yichuan Well area of the Daning–Jixian block exhibits unique characteristics of “high GIP content and abundant free gas”. This study offers new perspectives and technical approaches for understanding the occurrence characteristics and flow production mechanisms of deep CBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18845–18856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini-Review on Mitigating Degradation of Metallic Interconnects in Solid Oxide Cell Stack Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Solutions","authors":"Yuankang Hao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rui Zhu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongwei Cao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zuoqing Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ran Ran,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Guangming Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03611","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metallic interconnects (MICs) are critical components in solid oxide cell (SOC) stack systems, facilitating efficient power generation and fuel production. Despite their cost-effectiveness, high conductivity, and manufacturability advantages over ceramic alternatives, MICs face significant degradation challenges during high-temperature operations. Key issues encompass dual-atmosphere exposure, element interdiffusion, chromium volatilization, and subsequent electrode poisoning, which collectively deteriorate the performance of SOC stack systems. This review comprehensively consolidates recent advancements in mitigating these detrimental impacts through two primary strategies: surface modification via protective coatings (e.g., perovskite, spinel, reactive elements, and composite coatings) and composition modulation via element doping (e.g., alloying with Ti, Nb, Mo, W, or Mn). The efficacy of protective coatings in suppressing Cr evaporation and reducing area-specific resistance is critically assessed, alongside novel alloy designs that enhance oxidation resistance and thermal stability. Furthermore, deposition technologies, such as screen printing, physical vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition, and thermal spraying, are evaluated with respect to their performance and scalability. The synthesized insights provide feasible pathways for the optimization of MIC durability and SOC stack efficiency, ultimately supporting the commercialization of SOC technology for sustainable energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18751–18772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFX Coating Enables Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anode","authors":"Siyao Song,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianlin Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Anli Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Shen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fei Shen*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qiang Lu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jingjin Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zihan Lin,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Han*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03134","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant interest owing to their safety, economic advantages, and environmental protection. However, Zn dendrite growth and undesirable side reactions significantly limit the practical use of ZIBs. Herein, a fluorinated graphite (CF_<i>x</i>) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite interface layer was introduced to enhance the cycling stability of the zinc anode. By coating the Zn anode with a hydrophobic CF_<i>x</i>-PVDF composite interface layer, the direct contact between the Zn anode and H₂O molecules was prevented, thus inhibiting dendrite growth and side reactions concurrently. Thus, the growth of Zn dendrites was effectively suppressed with restricted Zn²⁺ 2D diffusion and limited side reactions. In addition, the symmetric cells achieved stable cycles and a lifespan exceeding 1400 h at 5 mA cm^–2 and 1 mA h cm^–2, significantly outperforming the performance of the cells with a bare Zn anode. The capacity retention rate of CF_<i>x</i>-PVDF@Zn || NH₄V₄O₁₀ was 71.8% after 1000 cycles, which showed an excellent cycle ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19016–19023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Structure and Safety Insights into Prussian Blue Analog Cathode Behavior at Elevated Temperatures in Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Vadim Shipitsyn,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wenhua Zuo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Thanh-Nhan Tran,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tianyi Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sungsik Lee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chanmonirath Michael Chak,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Phung ML Le,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Lin Ma*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03083","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) represent promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, open framework structure, and use of earth-abundant elements. However, the high-temperature structural evolution, water content effects, and thermal safety of PBAs, particularly in charged states, remain poorly understood, hindering their practical deployment. Here, we investigate Na₂Fe[Fe(CN)₆]·2H₂O using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ex situ and in situ temperature-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC). TGA and ex situ XAS confirm water loss between 150 and 200 °C, resulting in Fe²⁺ oxidation, enhanced local symmetry, and uniform redox behavior that improves electrochemical performance. In situ XAS reveals irreversible structural changes above 240 °C, including ligand loss, Fe site distortion, and increased disorder, while ARC on charged electrodes shows minimal self-heating rates (&lt;0.1 °C/min) up to 300 °C, indicating exceptional thermal stability without lattice oxygen release. These insights elucidate PBA thermal dynamics, demonstrating improved electrochemical performance of water-deficient PBAs and informing future material design and safety assessment for SIB applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19054–19059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Flow Analysis and Modeling of Plasma-Enhanced Thermocatalytic Ammonia Reforming for On-Board Hydrogen Production","authors":"Ze Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tie Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Run Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Huabin Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shuai Huang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Shiyan Li,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03034","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The plasma-enhanced thermocatalytic reforming system effectively reduces the high-temperature dependence of the single thermocatalytic mode, but its high energy consumption limits on-board use in ammonia engines. Building an energy flow analysis system to identify reforming losses or developing an engineering-level hydrogen production model to determine operational boundaries can accelerate the deployment of on-board plasma reforming. Nevertheless, there are currently insufficient research reports in these regards. In this study, a closely coupled reforming system was developed to enable systematic experimental investigation under low energy input conditions. Concurrently, a comprehensive energy flow analysis system was erected to delineate the variation law of the efficiency and precisely discriminate the influences of each effect under the closely coupled mode on the ammonia reforming process. Ultimately, based on the Temkin–Pyzhev rate formula, an engineering hydrogen production model with high predictive capability was developed. Overall, the closely coupled mode demonstrates superior reforming performance, particularly under low-temperature conditions. Specifically, it achieved an ammonia conversion rate of 19% at an operating temperature of 593 K and an input plasma power of 40 W. This is mainly ascribed to the fact that, in the low-temperature condition, the ammonia decomposition system is predominantly governed by both the chemical and thermal effects of plasma. Although the thermal catalytic effect regains the dominant position as the temperature rises, the positive effect by the introduction of plasma reveals its high potential to broaden the operational temperature boundary. The energy flow analysis indicates that the efficiency improves with the increase in space velocity, yet the overall efficiency is somewhat impacted due to the high energy consumption resulting from the introduction of plasma. Furthermore, the optimized Temkin–Pyzhev model demonstrates a high accuracy in predicting the ammonia reforming process, thereby providing a robust foundation for subsequent engine-integrated simulation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19042–19053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile Formation of Hydrogen Clathrates Using 1,3-Dioxolane in Heavy Water Systems","authors":"Emmerson Hondo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mingle Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gaurav Vishwakarma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Praveen Linga*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03862","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen (H₂) clathrate hydrates offer a promising platform for safe, dense, and reversible H₂ storage, yet require thermodynamic and kinetic enhancement for practical deployment. This study systematically investigates 1,3-dioxolane (DIOX) as a dual-function promoter for structure II (sII) H₂ hydrates formed in D₂O. Systematic variation of formation conditions, which includes pressure (9.5–12.5 MPa), temperature (274.65–276.65 K), and DIOX concentration (3.56–6.56 mol %), revealed that 5.56 mol % DIOX at 275.65 K and 12.5 MPa achieved optimal performance, with H₂ uptake reaching 30.49 ± 0.68 v/v (∼0.24 wt %) within 2 h, marking a benchmark for binary hydrate systems under mild conditions. While D₂O is known to yield slightly more stable hydrates than H₂O due to stronger O–D bonds, its impact in H₂-DIOX systems remains largely unexplored. This work bridges that gap by experimentally examining isotopic effects on hydrate phase stability, cage dynamics, and Raman spectral behavior, providing new insights into promoter–solvent interactions and hydrate lattice evolution. Thermodynamic equilibrium boundaries revealed the lowest formation pressure (∼1.1 MPa at 275.5 K) for the optimal formulation. P-XRD confirmed pure sII lattice formation, and <i>in situ</i> Raman spectroscopy validated selective cage occupancy, with DIOX in large 5¹²6⁴ cages and H₂ in small 5¹² cages. The findings highlight the ability of DIOX-D₂O system to reduce formation thresholds and accelerate hydrate kinetics without compromising capacity. Thus, the H₂-DIOX-D₂O system exhibits the essential traits for clean and safe H₂ storage under practical conditions, supporting future integration into energy infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18959–18968"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithofacies Classification and Sweet Spot Development Model for Marine Shale in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation, Sichuan Basin","authors":"Xuanang Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianping Yan*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Maojie Liao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Qiu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wei Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Majia Zheng,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Qinhong Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02002","url":null,"abstract":"<p >By integrating core samples, experimental data, and logging information, we adopted a comprehensive lithofacies classification method that incorporates total organic carbon (TOC), sedimentary structures, lithology, and brittleness. This classification scheme is both detailed and operationally practical. Based on analyses of Wells Z201 within the Deyang–Anyue aulacogen basin of the Sichuan Basin and WY1H at the aulacogen margin, seven lithofacies types were identified, with key favorable lithofacies highlighted. The brittle siliceous shale lithofacies (RLI) in the central aulacogen stands out as the most favorable reservoir in the region. It is characterized by high porosity, significant gas content, high brittleness, high lamination density, and thick depositional layers. In contrast, the organic-rich, laminated, moderate-brittleness silicic/argillaceous mixed shale (RLVI) lithofacies at the aulacogen margin, while exhibiting moderate porosity, is notable for its high gas content and high lamination density, making it the preferred lithofacies on the margin. Additionally, thinly interbedded lithofacies such as organic-poor, strongly brittle, silty shale (PI) and organic-poor, laminated, moderately brittle silicic/argillaceous mixed shale (PLVI) lithofacies with RLVI and organic-medium, bedded, strongly brittle, siliceous shale (MBI) lithofacies represent a new type of sweet spot lithofacies. Factors such as sea-level fluctuations, terrigenous debris influx, upwelling currents, paleoclimate, and hydrothermal activity played crucial roles in controlling the enrichment and preservation of organic matter, leading to a developed model for the sweet spot lithofacies in the Qiongzhusi Formation. This research establishes a scientific foundation for improving the exploration and production efficiency of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale gas play while contributing to the advancement of lithofacies classification systems for marine shale reservoirs and the refinement of “sweet spot” prediction methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18802–18820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel High-Pressure and Low-Temperature Ring Shear Apparatus for Large-Scale Deformation of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment","authors":"Peng Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Dong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhan Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yonghao Zhi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yanghui Li*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yongchen Song*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03776","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metastable natural gas hydrates in shallow deep-sea sediments significantly impact submarine slope stability and resource extraction safety. Elucidating the large-deformation shear failure mechanisms of hydrate-bearing sediment is crucial for early warning of marine geohazards. This study describes the successful development of a novel high-pressure (24.98 MPa) and low-temperature (−30 °C) ring-shear apparatus specifically designed for hydrate-bearing sediment, developed for the first time. Key technical solutions effectively solved critical challenges, including dynamic sealing under combined high-pressure, low-temperature, and large-deformation shear conditions, precise wide-range temperature control without interfering with the specimen interface, and reliable large-deformation shear load transfer. The apparatus enables in situ hydrate formation under simulated deep-sea conditions, precise pore pressure control, and real-time monitoring throughout the entire shearing process. Validation experiments confirmed its excellent repeatability, with the coefficient of variation for both peak and residual shear stresses of hydrate-bearing sediment below 4%. Significantly, comparative studies revealed a fundamental alteration in sediment mechanical behavior induced by hydrates: hydrate-bearing specimens exhibited distinct strain-softening characteristics, whereas hydrate-free specimens showed strain-hardening behavior. This novel apparatus overcomes the limitations of existing equipment, providing critical and irreplaceable technical support for quantifying landslide risks in hydrate-bearing strata.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18870–18879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Study of Methane Hydrate Formation in Cysteine Systems: Effects of Salinity and Cysteine–Nanoparticle Synergistic Promotion","authors":"Gui-Cai Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bo Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuan-Le Li,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xin-Miao Liu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04172","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As global natural gas demand continues to grow, traditional storage and transportation methods are facing increasing pressure, making hydrate-based technology a key research focus. To address the challenges of slow formation rate, low gas storage density, and high industrial costs, this study investigates the effects of salinity on methane hydrate formation kinetics, gas storage characteristics, and growth morphology, with the addition of cysteine as an environmental-friendly kinetic promoter. The aim is to evaluate the applicability of cysteine on hydrate formation acceleration in diluted seawater or treated industrial wastewater. Experimental results reveal a threshold effect of salinity concentration on methane hydrate storage performance, with a critical salinity of approximately 0.2 wt %. Beyond this threshold, salt ions significantly inhibit methane hydrate formation rate, gas storage capacity, and crystal growth orientation. This inhibition occurs through mechanisms such as reduced water activity, disruption of hydrogen bond networks, and impaired mass/heat transfer. To overcome the kinetic limitations in low-salinity environments, this study proposes a synergistic promotion strategy combining cysteine with nanofluids. Experimental results show that cysteine exhibits strong synergistic effects with Al₂O₃ and CuO nanoparticles, while an antagonistic effect with ZnO nanoparticles. Due to their high surface area and superior thermal conductivity, nanoparticles could significantly enhance the nucleation and formation rates of methane hydrates, though they have negligible impact on gas storage capacity. This work advances the industrial application of hydrate-based gas storage technologies by clarifying salinity impacts and demonstrating effective nanoparticle–cysteine synergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18902–18915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Prediction of the Migration Range of Dissolved CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers: SHAP Interpretation and Engineering Insights","authors":"Zheng Dai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shugang Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Biao Hu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiangguo Kong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jingfei Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bing Zhu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Qian Wei,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02808","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Prediction of the dissolved CO₂ migration range is a key step in evaluating the efficiency and safety of geological storage in deep saline aquifers. To improve model generalization and elucidate the underlying roles of input features, this study proposes a predictive framework applicable to diverse reservoir types by integrating TOUGH-based numerical simulations with a fully connected neural network (FCNN). Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are employed to quantitatively assess the importance of six input features. Results show that the FCNN model exhibits strong predictive performance on the test set, with an average <i>R</i>² exceeding 0.9 and a normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of approximately 0.04. Permeability and porosity are identified as the dominant factors controlling the maximum migration distance of dissolved CO₂, with feature contributions of 0.77 and 0.34, respectively. Notably, high porosity exerts a suppressive effect: under specific geological and operational conditions, as porosity increases from 0.0129 to 0.621, the maximum migration distance decreases from 7229 to 818 m, and the total storage capacity declines from 24.46 to approximately 20.56 Mt. These findings provide technical support for site screening and injection design in CO₂ geological storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18924–18934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}