Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Hydrocarbons in Aviation Fuels via Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Methane Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Jacob D. Guthrie,&nbsp;Caroline Rowell,&nbsp;Sarah E. Nowling,&nbsp;Ying-jou Lee,&nbsp;Ryan J. Chen,&nbsp;Charles B. Meier,&nbsp;Gozdem Kilaz,&nbsp;Michael E. Peretich and Hilkka I. Kenttämaa*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0022910.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00229https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00229","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aviation fuels are complex mixtures consisting mostly of hydrocarbons that belong to several different classes, predominantly, <i>n-</i>alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with positive-ion mode electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI MS) has been used in the past to attempt to classify hydrocarbons in jet fuels. However, identification of hydrocarbons by using EI MS is unreliable due to the extensive fragmentation of their molecular ions, which often prevents obtaining molecular weight (MW) information. Furthermore, larger aliphatic hydrocarbons often yield identical fragment ion patterns. To address these issues, the utility of positive-ion mode methane chemical ionization (CI) coupled with GC×GC/high-resolution MS was examined for the analysis of hydrocarbons in aviation fuels. Initially, several individual model compounds and a mixture of 46 model compounds were studied. In contrast to EI mass spectra (also measured), the CI mass spectra showed pseudomolecular ions ([M+H–H₂]⁺) and/or protonated molecules ([M+H]⁺) for all but two of the examined model compounds, which facilitates the determination of the MW of unknown compounds. Further, CI caused different ionization and fragmentation reactions for model compounds belonging to the different hydrocarbon classes, thus providing valuable structural information. For example, all <i>n-</i>alkanes, branched alkanes, and cycloalkanes generated [M+H–H₂]⁺ pseudomolecular ions via protonation followed by elimination of a hydrogen molecule, with the exception of the two most highly branched alkanes. In sharp contrast, aromatic hydrocarbons generated primarily stable protonated molecules ([M+H]⁺) but also molecular radical cations (M^+●). Additionally, the detected fragmentation patterns were found to provide structural information that, when combined with the MW information, the double-bond-and-ring equivalent values and elemental compositions obtained from highly accurate mass measurements, facilitated the unambiguous classification and identification of unknown compounds. This approach was used to classify 93% of the hydrocarbons detected in Jet-A and to identify several of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6319–6331 6319–6331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanisms in Heavy Oil Reservoirs by Chemical Compound Flooding after Multiple Cycles of Huff-n-Puff","authors":"Jiajia BAI*,&nbsp;Tianshuai GU,&nbsp;Lei TAO*,&nbsp;Zhangxing Chen,&nbsp;Wenyang SHI,&nbsp;Zhengxiao XU,&nbsp;Qingjie Zhu,&nbsp;Na Zhang,&nbsp;Zhu REN and Hai ZHU,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0027510.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00275https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00275","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the serious gas channeling, high water cut, and poor thermal recovery efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs after multiple cycles of huff-n-puff, it is a challenging process to recover oil from heavy oil reservoirs after multiple cycles of huff-n-puff. Chemical compound flooding (CCF) systems are being employed for oil recovery. To clarify the optimal injection mode and slug volume of CCF and to investigate the synergistic mechanism of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), parallel sand-filled pipes were used to compare different oil displacement methods in this work. After evaluating the properties of the plugging agent, oil displacement agent, and viscosity reducer used in the experiment, parallel sand-filled pipe experiments were carried out. Then, the optimal displacement method was obtained by analyzing the key performance indexes, and the EOR mechanism was proposed. The results showed that the optimal injection mode for heavy oil reservoirs after multiple cycles of huff-n-puff involves plugging agent flooding (0.1PV) → oil displacement agent flooding (0.2PV, 2000 mg/L) → viscosity reducer flooding (0.2PV, 0.50%) → subsequent water flooding (until no oil is produced). This injection sequence results in a 35.75% increase in recovery rate. In this way of injection, the gel formed by the plugging agent effectively blocks the dominant channel of the water phase in high-permeability layers. Before the oil displacement agent broke through the plugging layer, it spread into the low-permeability layer, increasing sweep volume. When the plugging layer was broken through, more viscosity reducer entered the high-permeability layer, further enhancing displacement efficiency. During the chemical injection process when the volume of the oil displacement agent was too high and the volume of the viscosity reducer was too small, after the plugging agent broke some injections into the high-permeability layer could be ineffective and the viscosity reduction process is not sufficient. When the oil displacement agent was less and the viscosity reducer was too much, the utilization degree of low-permeability pipe would be lower. The study can serve as an important basis for improving the oil recovery of heavy oil reservoirs after multiple cycles of huff-n-puff.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6220–6231 6220–6231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Initial Potassium Catalyst Concentration on Its Activity and Fate in CO2 Gasification of Lignite Char","authors":"Hao Sun,&nbsp;U. P. M. Ashik,&nbsp;Shusaku Asano,&nbsp;Shinji Kudo,&nbsp;Yushi Takeyama and Jun-ichiro Hayashi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0591410.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05914https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05914","url":null,"abstract":"<p >K-catalyzed gasification of char and carbon has been studied for more than 40 years while many different types of relationships between specific rate of gasification (<i>r</i>_sp = <i></i><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mfrac></math>, <i>X</i>; char conversion) and K concentration in gasifying char/carbon (<i>C</i>_K) have been reported. This work explored the mechanism causing such diversity in the <i>r</i>_sp–<i>C</i>_K profile. An ash-free lignite was impregnated with K₂CO₃, devolatilized, and then gasified with CO₂ at 800 °C and <i>C</i>_K at the start of gasification (<i>C</i>_K,0) of 0.15–2.66 mol-K/kg-daf-char. <i>C</i>_K was accurately determined by measuring the K volatilization rate as a function of <i>X</i>. For <i>C</i>_K,0 = 0.15, <i>r</i>_sp increased linearly with <i>C</i>_K while the K catalyst activity (<i>k</i>_c′ = <i>r</i>_sp/<i>C</i>_K) remained unchanged at 0.013 min^–1 mol-K/kg-daf-char^–1. The K species underwent transformation to much more active catalyst (<i>k</i>_c′ ≈ 0.130 min^–1 mol-K/kg-daf-char^–1) for <i>C</i>_K,0 = 0.64–2.66, where the <i>r</i>_sp–<i>C</i>_K profile was independent of <i>C</i>_K,0, and <i>r</i>_sp reached an upper limit due to saturation of gasifying char matrix with the catalyst. The catalyst transformation also occurred for <i>C</i>_K,0 = 0.28–0.39 while <i>k</i>_c′ of the transformed catalyst was steady at 0.03–0.08 depending on <i>C</i>_K,0. Thus, the variety of the <i>r</i>_sp–<i>C</i>_K profile arose from that in <i>C</i>_K,0. Higher <i>C</i>_K,0 led to greater d<i>X</i>/d<i>t</i> and then d<i>C</i>_K/d<i>t</i> under a steady supply of oxygen (as CO₂) that anchored K on the char surface, allowing atomic-level dispersed C–O–K and/or K₂CO₃ to transform into clusters consisting of K_<i>x</i>O_<i>y</i>(CO₂)_<i>z</i> (<i>y</i>/<i>x</i> &gt; 0.5, <i>z</i>/<i>x</i> ≈ 0.16). The most active cluster was formed even during the period of devolatilization for <i>C</i>_K,0 &gt; 1.69. Increasing <i>C</i>_K,0 from 0.15 to 2.66 (by a factor of 18) resulted in shortening of the time required for X = 0.50 and 0.99 by factors as large as 1/200 and 1/100, respectively, due to the above-mentioned <i>C</i>_K,0 effect on the <i>r</i>_sp–<i>C</i>_K relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6173–6185 6173–6185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anion Exchange Membranes of Alkaline Resistance Based on Acrylonitrile-Styrene Copolymer with N-Spirocyclic Ammonium","authors":"Jing Guo,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Chunhui Shen* and Shanjun Gao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0630210.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c06302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c06302https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c06302","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The N-spirocyclic ammonium with exceptional alkaline stability is employed to fabricate anion exchange membranes (AEMs) suitable for long-lasting fuel cell applications. In this paper, two types of N-spirocyclic ammonium, namely 3-(2-(piperidine-4-yl)ethyl)-6-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-6-ium (ASU) and 3,6-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-6-ium (DSU), are incorporated into an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (SAN) to enhance the alkaline stability of AEMs. The introduction of N-spirocyclic ammonium results in AEMs exhibiting excellent alkaline tolerance, particularly the SAN resin membranes incorporating the ASU group (SAN-ASU-OH), which retain 95.0% of their initial conductivity after undergoing a 720-h alkaline treatment at 80 °C, and ¹H NMR shows that almost no β-elimination occurred in the SAN-ASU-OH membranes. The utilization of SAN resin as the primary structural component provides a reasonable tensile strength (8.51 MPa) for SAN-ASU-OH, enhances the ion conductivity of AEMs significantly, and ensures a certain water uptake (WU) at the same time to ensure a low swelling ratio (SR). For instance, hydroxide conductivity of the membranes reached 67.7 mS cm^–1 at 80 °C for the SAN-ASU-OH membrane while WU reached 81.65% and SR was limited to only 18.42% at 80 °C. The results indicate that the membranes based on SAN resins incorporating N-spirocyclic ammonium are expected to be promising candidates for future fuel cell applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6592–6604 6592–6604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Solar-Driven Photocatalysis with CuTCPP/g-C3N4 for Hydrogen Production and Environmental Remediation","authors":"Fang-Yu Liang,&nbsp;Hsiu-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yen-Chang Chen and Po-Jung Huang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0025410.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00254https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00254","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The utilization of solar energy as a pivotal and sustainable energy source is increasingly recognized for its exceptional natural properties. To effectively harness and convert solar energy, the development of advanced materials is imperative. Porphyrins, renowned for their role as light-harvesting antennas in nature, play a pivotal role in photosynthesis. In this study, a CuTCPP/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized through a combination of electrostatic self-assembly and in situ growth methods. The composite exhibited exceptional photostability and remarkable efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Specifically, the 0.5% CuTCPP/g-C₃N₄ composite demonstrated an impressive degradation rate of 97.20% for MB under simulated sunlight, which is almost double that of g-C₃N₄. Additionally, the composite exhibited remarkable capabilities for photocatalytic hydrogen production, generating 350.00 μmol g^–1 of hydrogen in just 2 h, which is 8.33 times higher than that produced by g-C₃N₄. To further elucidate the exceptional performance of this composite, photoelectrochemical techniques were employed to confirm its charge transfer path and validate the effective electron–hole separation mechanism within the heterostructure. Overall, these investigations significantly enhanced the overall efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction. The findings of this study underscore the immense application potential of CuTCPP/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites in artificial photosynthesis, environmental pollution control, and clean energy conversion. Moreover, they reveal novel technical insights and potential to effectively address global energy and environmental challenges in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6533–6548 6533–6548"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Minerals on Sewage Sludge Smoldering Combustion: Kinetics, Propagation Behaviors, and Product Characteristics","authors":"Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Boyi Qian,&nbsp;Jingchun Huang,&nbsp;Yu Qiao,&nbsp;Qianshi Song* and Xiaohan Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0020810.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00208https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Smoldering combustion technology offers a promising low-energy alternative for the large-scale reduction of sewage sludge. While optimal process conditions for smoldering combustion of sewage sludge have been explored, the influence of fuel properties, particularly minerals, remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of minerals on the kinetics, propagation behavior, and product characteristics of sewage sludge smoldering combustion. Raw sludge (RS) and demineralized sludge (DS) were prepared and analyzed by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and laboratory-scale smoldering experiments. The TGA results demonstrated that inherent minerals in sludge, including active minerals (K, Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Mn) and inert minerals (Al, Si, and P), exhibited mixed effects on combustion. Active minerals were found to reduce the activation energy for volatilization and char oxidation, thereby enhancing the combustion process. In contrast, inert minerals inhibited combustion by covering active sites and reducing heat transfer. Smoldering experiments demonstrated that DS exhibited a higher smoldering temperature (807.95 °C) and a slower propagation rate (0.66 cm/min) compared to RS due to increased organic content and reduced permeability after demineralization. Gas analysis revealed that DS emitted lower NOx levels, attributed to the reduced formation of NH₃ and HCN precursors, as well as increased CO levels that facilitated NO reduction. This study highlights the dual role of minerals in sewage sludge smoldering combustion and offers valuable insights into optimizing sludge disposal processes to enhance energy recovery and minimize pollutant emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6572–6583 6572–6583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Offshore Geological CO2 Storage in Canada: A Comprehensive Review and Future Outlook","authors":"Sohrab Zendehboudi*,&nbsp;Masoud Seyyedattar,&nbsp;Noori M. Cata Saady,&nbsp;Omid Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Abbas Mamudu and Dru Heagle,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0493910.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04939https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04939","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Offshore Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) stands at the intersection of energy innovation, climate policy, and marine resource management, offering a strategic approach to reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels. Canada’s offshore regions present substantial opportunities for large-scale GCS, potentially mitigating a portion of the country’s 670 million tonnes of annual CO₂ emissions. While onshore sites have been more extensively examined, Canadian offshore formations offer an underutilized capacity that can be leveraged to achieve meaningful climate targets. This review canvasses the extensive evidence based on Canadian offshore GCS potential, drawing together multidisciplinary perspectives that address site characterization, operational practices, economic dynamics, and governance complexities. The intention is to provide a technically rigorous yet accessible overview that elucidates the requirements of safe and efficient offshore GCS. After assessing comprehensive screening criteria for offshore GCS site selection, we explore the technical intricacies that govern successful offshore GCS, spanning well construction, reservoir management, and real-time monitoring methods. The economic dimension is scrutinized with a comparative lens placed on cost structures for offshore versus onshore projects, capital expenses, and potential revenue streams. Construction and installation constitute 70–80% of offshore structure costs, with subsea CO₂ pipelines adding 10–30% to the overall project costs. Detailed analyses of Canada’s regulatory landscape reveal significant complexity, with overlapping jurisdictions and lack of legal clarity on liability and long-term stewardship. Indigenous engagement and stakeholder consultation remain critical for ensuring equitable and socially accepted project development. Throughout, the environmental and social dimensions are kept in view. Potential leakage pathways, induced seismicity, and ecosystem impacts are discussed. Drawing on best practices from established international projects, this review highlights the adaptive learning that Canada can undertake. In bringing together these diverse strands─geoscience, engineering, economics, law, environment, and society─this review aims to illuminate practical pathways for advancing offshore GCS in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"5987–6025 5987–6025"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Dosing Strategies for Controlling Selectivity and Plasma-Phase Contributions in Plasma Catalysis","authors":"Hope O. Otor,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Jason C. Hicks*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0011710.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00117https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00117","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plasma-assisted catalysis has advanced in recent years, particularly for transforming stable reactants at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. However, achieving a deeper understanding of the many plasma and catalytic contributions remains a significant goal, as improving product yield and selectivity in plasma catalysis depends on proper catalyst selection, which is often challenging due to the complex interplay between plasma-phase and plasma-surface reactions. A sequential methodology has emerged as a means to decouple the catalyst activity from plasma-phase reactions. In this approach, nonthermal plasma is used in one step to activate and/or convert a gas phase or surface bound reactant, while in a second step, the catalyst directs product formation under steady-state or temperature-programmed conditions. This review examines studies using this technique for reactions involving N₂, CO₂, and SO₂, offering insights into reaction mechanisms and catalyst behavior/selection for these transformations. These systematic studies provide a framework that can be applied to other plasma-assisted reactions. We also highlight remaining questions, propose directions for future studies, and discuss the potential of applying this methodology to other reaction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6118–6126 6118–6126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tributylphosphine Oxide as a Powerful Synergist for Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors","authors":"Malcolm A. Kelland*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Janronel Pomicpic,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0063910.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00639https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00639","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Low-dosage hydrate inhibitors have been used for several decades in the oil and gas industry to prevent gas hydrates from blocking production flow lines. Trialkylamine oxides with the correct-size&amp;nbsp;alkyl groups are known to be powerful clathrate hydrate crystal growth inhibitors and have been used to design both classes of LDHIs, kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), and antiagglomerants (AAs). However, there are no reports of trialkylphosphine oxides as LDHIs. Here, we report the tetrahydrofuran hydrate crystal growth inhibition properties of trialkylphosphine oxides and their synergy with classic KHI polymers including poly(<i>N</i>-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCap), VCap-based copolymers, and poly(<i>N</i>-iso-propylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAm) in high-pressure gas hydrate rocking cell tests. Both methane and a natural gas mixture were investigated to simulate structure I and II hydrate formations. The best results were obtained for tri-<i>n</i>-butylphosphine oxide (TBPO) by all test methods. TBPO showed excellent synergy with PVCap and PNIPMAm for both gas types, better than <i>n</i>-butyl glycol ether, tributylamine oxide, or tetrabutylphosphonium bromide. For the VCap-based copolymers, the synergy with TBPO was less and decreased with increasing the polymer cloud point. This effect is proposed to be due to the relative binding strength of the polymer versus the TBPO synergist to the hydrate surface compared to their hydrophilicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6251–6260 6251–6260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucine-Enhanced sII Hydrate Kinetics for Hydrogen Storage","authors":"Mengqi Xiao,&nbsp;Emmerson Hondo,&nbsp;Ye Zhang*,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Yin and Praveen Linga*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0037510.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00375https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00375","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen (H₂) is increasingly recognized as a key component in the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable future, thanks to its high energy density and clean combustion, which produce no pollutants or greenhouse gases. Storing H₂ in solid-hydrate form (Solid-HyStore) offers significant advantages, including the ability to operate at moderate pressures and temperatures, unlike compressed H₂ storage, and lower energy consumption compared to liquid H₂ storage. However, the slow kinetics of H₂ hydrate formation present a significant barrier to the large-scale adoption of this storage method. In this study, we introduce <span>l</span>-leucine, an environmentally benign kinetic promoter, in combination with the thermodynamic promoter, 1,3-dioxolane (DIOX), to accelerate the kinetics of hydrogen hydrate formation. Our research focuses on the influence of <span>l</span>-leucine on mixed H₂-DIOX hydrates, examining both the kinetics and morphology of hydrate formation. We found that the optimal combination of 1.0 wt % <span>l</span>-leucine with 5.56 mol % DIOX significantly enhances hydrate formation, achieving a maximum volumetric hydrogen uptake of 34.40 (±1.86) v/v at 270.5 K and 12.5 MPa. Notably, the time required to reach 90% of the maximum hydrogen uptake (<i>t</i>₉₀) was drastically reduced from 804.33 min in pure DIOX to 194.67 min with the inclusion of 1.0 wt % <span>l</span>-leucine. Structural confirmation via Raman spectroscopy revealed that DIOX molecules consistently occupy the 5¹²6⁴ cages of the sII hydrate, while hydrogen is enclathrated in the smaller 5¹² cages, supporting the cage occupancy pattern of the mixed H₂-DIOX hydrates. Our study also highlights the importance of compounding driving forces such as initial pressures, gas–liquid ratios, and thermodynamic promoter (DIOX) concentrations in determining a more favorable environment for hydrate nucleation and growth and the overall kinetics of mixed H₂-DIOX hydrate formation. Insights gained in this study offer the potential of strategic promoter combinations to overcome kinetic limitations, thereby advancing the feasibility of hydrate-based hydrogen storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 13","pages":"6620–6632 6620–6632"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}