Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Analytical Method for Determining Renewable Diesel and Identifying Feedstock in Fossil Diesel Blends Using δ13C for Fuel Traceability","authors":"Samara Soares*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Luís C. Martins,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Donato A. G. Aranda,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Luiz A. Martinelli,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03793","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Renewable diesel is an innovative fuel derived from renewable feedstocks (vegetable oils and frying oils) mainly via hydrodeoxygenation, yielding hydrocarbons chemically similar to fossil diesel. Its use reduces greenhouse gas emissions, decreases dependence on fossil fuels, and is compatible with conventional engines. However, ensuring authenticity is essential to prevent adulteration. This study proposes an analytical method using δ¹³C to differentiate renewable diesel from fossil diesel. Renewable diesel exhibited δ¹³C values ranging from −30.8‰ (soybean) to −28.1‰ (macauba), indicating its renewable origin. Fossil diesel showed δ¹³C values around −25‰, enabling a clear distinction. A calibration curve using soybean-based renewable diesel blends with fossil diesel showed linear range of 10 to 100%v/v, described by the equation (<i>C</i> = −0.06RD −24.7; <i>r</i> = 0.999). The approach achieved detection and quantification limits of 3.3%v/v and 10.0%v/v, respectively, and coefficient of variation of 1.5% (<i>n</i> = 10), representing the lowest renewable diesel content in fossil diesel blends that can be reliably detected and accurately quantified for regulatory compliance. Matrix-matched calibration yield recoveries of 93–120% and 71–99% with 10 and 50%v/v renewable diesel, respectively. Mixtures of fossil diesel and renewable diesel (1–3% v/v), from soybean oil and used frying oil, were classified using hierarchical and <i>K</i>-means clustering. Clustering by renewable diesel content showed distances of 12–24, within-cluster sum of squares (WCSS) = 143, intracluster distance = 3; clustering by feedstock showed distances of 2.0–2.5, WCSS = 82.7, intracluster distance = 1.4. ANOVA confirmed significant group differences (<i>F</i> = 12.82; <i>p</i> = 0.0339). The method is robust and effective for monitoring the authenticity and detecting low-level of renewable diesel in blends with fossil diesel.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18916–18923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release and Transformation of Zn during Waste Tire Pyrolysis using Various Reactors","authors":"Bo Gu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yun Yu*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lian Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03570","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Waste tires contain abundant zinc (Zn), which could cause severe environmental issues during waste tire pyrolysis. This study presents a systematic investigation into Zn release and transformation behavior during the pyrolysis of waste tires at 400–900 °C using various reactors, including a fixed-bed reactor for slow pyrolysis (Type A), a drop-tube/fixed-bed reactor for fast pyrolysis with continuous feeding (Type B) or pulse feeding (Type C), and a fluidized-bed reactor for fast pyrolysis (Type D). In the Type A reactor, over 90% of Zn was retained in char during waste tire pyrolysis at 400–700 °C, but the Zn release dramatically increased from ∼9.8 to ∼47.0% as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 700 to 900 °C, possibly due to the reduction of ZnO to volatile Zn and the dissociation of ZnS. Compared to the Type A reactor, the high heating rates in the Type B, C, and D reactors caused rapid melting and volatile release, as proven by the micromorphology analysis, resulting in more Zn release at all temperatures. The highest Zn release of ∼67.6% was obtained in the Type D reactor at 900 °C. Using a multistep extraction process, our results clearly showed the transformation of acid-soluble to acid-insoluble Zn at temperatures higher than 700 °C (especially for the Type B and D reactors), likely due to the formation of zinc silicate. The Zn mass balance analysis showed that Zn species in the volatiles were mainly in the inorganic form, which could be easily captured by a bubbler system with diluted HNO₃ solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19008–19015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Proppant Transport in Wedge-Shaped Rough Fractures during Supercritical CO2 Fracturing","authors":"Yanjie Lei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuanxiu Sun*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongrui Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zilong Wang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Liwei He,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04007","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Supercritical CO₂ fracturing, as a novel waterless fracturing technology, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The fractures generated by the technology are often rougher and more geometrically complex. It is very important to study the transport mechanism of proppants in wedge-shaped rough fractures. The study develops a 3D wedge-shaped fracture model with rough walls and width narrowing based on computational fluid dynamics methods. The Euler–Euler model is used to simulate the solid–liquid two-phase flow. The numerical model is validated through physical experiments. The results show that in wedge-shaped rough fractures, proppants usually exhibit a transport pattern of “high accumulation–channel diffusion”. As the fracture shrinkage rate increases, this phenomenon becomes more frequent, and the sand bed tends to form a nonuniform distribution. Especially in the back half of fractures, the combined effect of narrow flow paths and rough fracture walls more easily leads to the formation of finger-like structures, particle suspension, and unfilled areas. Furthermore, the research systematically analyzed the effects of fracture wall parameters (roughness, shrinkage rate, propagation rate), proppant parameters (size, density, sand ratio), and fluid parameters (mass flow rate, temperature) for proppant transport. This study deepens the understanding of proppant transport mechanisms in complex fractures and offers theoretical guidance for supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18880–18901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline-Derived, Graphitized Hierarchical Nanocarbons for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis and Zn-Air Batteries","authors":"Yongfang Qu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dandan Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bing He*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Dai*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Fujian Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03790","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrogen-containing nanocarbons serve as pivotal catalysts in oxygen electrocatalysis and metal-air batteries. Simultaneously enhancing their N-doping level and graphitization is crucial for boosting the catalytic performance and long-term stability. Herein, we report a new mechanochemical polymerization tandem carbonization strategy for designing nitrogen-containing 3D hierarchically structured nanocarbons (N-HNCs), which were constructed from bottom-to-top packing of primary 2D nanocarbon building units. The synthesis includes mechanochemical polymerization of aniline (ANI) initiated with anhydrous FeCl₃, controllable carbonization of resultant polyaniline (PANI), and acid etching for removal of Fe species. The prepared N-HNCs possess large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas (240–988 m²/g), enhanced graphitization, high nitrogen content with tunable structures, abundant nanochannels for mass transportation, and versatile interfaces for ion diffusion. Thus, the N-HNCs were employed as efficient and durable electrocatalyst in both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). For instance, the N-HNCs gave a Pt/C-like half-wave potential (0.846 V) in the ORR, which was impressive among metal-free electrocatalysts. The N-HNCs can be further fabricated as an air cathode for rechargeable flow and flexible Zn-air batteries (ZABs), showing high maximum power density (185.1 mW·cm^–2) and specific capacity (808.17 mAh·g_Zn^–1), extraordinary long-term cycle durability (&gt;400 h), and improved roundtrip energy efficiency at 60.8% at 5 mA·cm^–2.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19024–19032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Gemini Cationic/Anionic Surfactant Mixtures for Enhanced Oil Recovery","authors":"Xia Liu*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Meng Yu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03602","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The surface and interfacial properties of gemini multiquaternary ammonium salt (CD3N-12), sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), and their mixtures were investigated. The nonionic polyoxyethylene hydrophilic groups in AES significantly improve the mixtures’ solubility, having good potential for practical applications. In addition, the Amott method and oil displacement experiment were used to evaluate the imbibition properties and oil displacement performance in low-permeability reservoirs. Finally, the microvisualization experiment was employed to reveal the displacement mechanism. The results show that when the mass fraction of AES is 0.7 (corresponding to an AES:CD3N-12 molar ratio of 7:3), the interaction parameter (β<i>^m</i>) for the mixtures attains a value of −15.06, indicating a stronger synergistic interaction, higher than conventional anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures (β<i>^m</i> ≈ −11). Moreover, the α_AES = 0.7 mixtures reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to 10^–3 mN/m. Besides, they demonstrate tolerance to NaCl concentrations of 1 × 10⁵ mg/L and CaCl₂ concentrations of 8 × 10³ mg/L while still maintaining the oil–water interfacial tension to an ultralow level. Furthermore, they also exhibit an excellent oil film removal performance, achieving an oil film removal efficacy of 89%. These properties enable the alteration of rock surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, as evidenced by a reduction in the water contact angle from 107 to 33.6°. The α_AES = 0.7 mixtures enhance oil recovery by 20.37%. Eventually, the microvisualization proves that the surfactant mixtures enhance oil recovery through multiple mechanisms. These findings provide valuable guidance in designing compound surfactant mixtures for the efficient development of low-permeability reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18857–18869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where We Are, Where We Go: Uncertainties on the Future of the Impact of Energy Systems on Climate","authors":"Michele Aresta*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Angela Dibenedetto*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03937","url":null,"abstract":"<p >During past years, the attention of scientists, technologists and policymakers has been focused on carbon dioxide as the first actor in the drama of climate change. As a result, attention has been paid to reducing CO₂ emissions: cutting fossil carbon as a source of energy has been agreed upon as the solution. More recently, water vapor is rising in rank as a GreenHouse Gas (GHG) responsible for the impact on the climate. As a matter of fact, the atmospheric water-vapor concentration is growing at a much higher rate than that of CO₂. Also, water vapor is a stronger GHG than CO₂, even if its lifetime is much shorter, as it falls as rain on our planet. On the other hand, extreme events are becoming more frequent, especially in some areas of the planet where the atmospheric concentration of water vapor is growing faster. This suggests that both local and global scenarios should be taken under strict control in order to avoid wrong practices, the effect of incorrect decisions, which may worsen the impact of the global system of energy production on climate. An extended use of hydrogen as an energy vector would increase the emission of water vapor: the potential impact on the climate should, thus, be verified. New scenarios must be developed and new models must be used, which link together the atmospheric concentration of CO₂ and water vapor, so to estimate their combined impact on the climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 38","pages":"18189–18193"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Capture Characteristics of Electrochemically Generated Li2O in Molten Eutectic LiNO3–KNO3 at Moderate Temperature","authors":"Gi Hyun Byun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Graham Leverick,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lucrezia Cartocci,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;T. Alan Hatton,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Betar M. Gallant*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03412","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal oxides (MO) have emerged as attractive candidates for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture due to their excellent thermal stability and high theoretical CO₂ uptake capacity, with particular emphasis on magnesium oxide (MgO) or calcium oxide (CaO) that requires high operating temperatures (300–900 °C). Here, we present CO₂ capture characteristics of a MO system of growing interest: lithium oxide (Li₂O) in molten eutectic lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) and potassium nitrate (KNO₃), which is attractive due to its high theoretical capacities and a moderate operating temperature of only 150 °C. Our results reveal that CO₂ capture kinetics and capacities are markedly improved when Li₂O is blended with the eutectic molten salt. Especially at low Li₂O concentrations (&lt;0.7 wt %, below the solubility limit of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) in the salt), a complete conversion to Li₂CO₃ was achieved within 40 h. Next, we generated Li₂O electrochemically in the same medium and applied it for CO₂ capture, finding that maintaining Li₂O content below its solubility limit offers kinetic advantages, achieving complete conversion of produced Li₂O to Li₂CO₃ within 10 h. Clear evidence of reactivity of nitrite ions (NO₂^–) with CO₂ was also observed. Although NO₂^– was previously described as functioning as a CO₂ uptake promoter for MgO in molten salts, X-ray diffraction and gas sensing analysis herein revealed an irreversible side reaction between NO₂^– and CO₂ in Li₂O systems, resulting in undesired NO_<i>x</i> formation. These findings strongly caution against the specific use of salts producing nitrite ions in CO₂ capture applications, yet underscore the potential for developing improved salts that circumvent this issue and enable electrochemical reversibility in future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18935–18945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Breakthrough Characteristics in Argillaceous Sandstone for Geological Storage","authors":"Mengqiu Yan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xin Yang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinyong Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jia-nan Zheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03202","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Breakthrough characteristics under varying reservoir conditions is critical for evaluating the sealing capacity of caprocks in geological CO₂ storage. Due to the absence of reliable in situ methods to estimate key parameters influencing its variability, laboratory testing remains essential. This study employs a stepwise experimental approach to investigate the effects of CO₂ pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions, water saturation, and effective stress on the breakthrough pressure in argillaceous sandstone, with mechanistic analysis. The results demonstrate that CO₂ breakthrough pressure, ranging from 1.18 to 2.26 MPa, increases with temperature but decreases with pressure. Analysis of interfacial tension, wettability, and viscosity reveals that the viscosity ratio dominates the breakthrough mechanism. CO₂ breakthrough pressure exhibits exponential relationships with water saturation and effective stress. Elevated water saturation severely degrades gas pathway connectivity, while clay swelling further reduces effective pore-throat dimensions. Increased effective stress induces pore contraction, enhancing the confinement capability of water films and requiring CO₂ to overcome greater disjoining pressure. These findings provide critical guidance for selecting target caprocks in CO₂ storage projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 38","pages":"18547–18559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning of Evolution of Hydrate Dissociation Front during Gas Production Considering THCM Parameters of Hydrate Reservoirs","authors":"Mingliang Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianhui Yu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shun Uchida,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mahdi Shadabfar*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yat Fai Leung,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03375","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Natural gas hydrate has the potential to be an alternative source of energy, as demonstrated by several recent field trials. Its commercial viability depends on the long-term operational efficiency of gas production from these reservoirs, which requires a sustained rate of dissociation of the hydrate with time. Gas production from hydrate reservoirs involves coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical (THCM) processes, and accurate predictions of such rely on numerical simulations with fine spatial and temporal discretization. Meanwhile, the input parameters required for these simulations often involve inherent variability arising from site conditions. These make it difficult to determine the optimal production strategy, including the depth of the production zone and the drawdown pressure, as this entails numerous time-consuming simulations. This study proposes a deep learning (DL)-based approach to substantially reduce the computational demands in determining the evolution of hydrate saturation throughout the operation, which is one of the key spatiotemporal variables that influence production efficiency. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, which is a tree structure-based DL model, is adopted to learn the correlations between the diverse variations of input parameters and the resulting temporal changes in locations of hydrate dissociation fronts. The XGBoost model is significantly more efficient than the coupled THCM numerical simulator and showed excellent performance in predicting the dissociation fronts with varying degrees of dissociation, from 20%, 50% to 80%. Furthermore, the model identifies five key parameters that influence the evolution of the dissociation fronts. These parameters are in situ hydrate saturation, temperature, absolute permeability, effective permeability, and the rate of depressurization. The first four represent site-specific conditions that can be determined through site investigation, while the fifth is an operational control that can be adjusted to achieve the desired hydrate dissociation outcomes and, hence, gas production efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 38","pages":"18461–18475"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Stage Synthesis of Triptane-Enriched Gasoline by CO2 Hydrogenation","authors":"Zareta M. Matieva*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yulia M. Snatenkova,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Konstantin I. Dement’ev,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Anton L. Maximov,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04306","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the presence of bifunctional combined catalysts, including oxide CuZnAl/Al₂O₃ and zeolite Pd-La_t/pHY/Al₂O₃ catalysts, a one-stage synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons was carried out from CO₂ and H₂ under conditions that were rather severe for the synthesis of triptane (340 °C, 10 MPa, <i>GHSV</i> = 20 000 h^–1). It was shown that for the combined catalyst, the most optimal ratio of CuZnAl–Al₂O₃ and Pd-La_t/pHY/Al₂O₃ catalysts is their ratio in the form of a physical mixture equal to 2:1. The introduction of La into HY via one-stage ion exchange in an autoclave at an elevated temperature and pressure (185 °C, 2 MPa) ensured a uniform distribution of lanthanum cations in the zeolite crystal volume, positively affecting gasoline selectivity. On CuZnAl/Al₂O₃ + Pd-La_t/pHY/Al₂O₃ combined catalyst, a selectivity for gasoline of 35 wt % (56 wt % based on the total amount of hydrocarbons) with an isoalkanes content of 80 wt %, including 12 wt % triptane, was achieved. CO₂ conversion (28%) and C₅₊ selectivity remained stable for 72 h. The work demonstrates the practical possibility of obtaining triptane-enriched gasoline via one-stage synthesis from CO₂ and H₂, which by its composition is the basic component of environmentally friendly motor fuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 38","pages":"18628–18640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}