ACS Applied Nano Materials最新文献

{"title":"Irreversible Silver Migration in Single CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanowire Devices","authors":"Ziyun Huang,&nbsp;Cecilia Fang,&nbsp;Yen-Po Liu,&nbsp;Jake Hardy,&nbsp;Jesper Larsson,&nbsp;Nishant Patel,&nbsp;Nils Lamers,&nbsp;Peijia Yuan,&nbsp;Regina Dittmann,&nbsp;Rainer Timm,&nbsp;Jesper Wallentin","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silver (Ag) has gained interest as an electrode material for metal halide perovskites due to its high electrical conductivity, low cost, and simple deposition. The electromigration and interface redox-process of Ag has been exploited for electronic applications such as memristors. Studying the complex silver−perovskite interactions is challenging in a traditional thin film geometry due to the buried interfaces and heterogeneous crystal structure. In contrast, devices based on single crystal nanowires offer an open device geometry that is ideal for microscopy. Here, we investigate the interaction between Ag contacts and single CsPbBr₃ nanowire devices by combining scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, electrical measurements, and operando synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy. Ag is found to interact with the nanowire already upon contact formation, producing surface roughening and Ag-rich features that extend hundreds of nm from the surface. In symmetric Ag−Ag devices, a negative bias applied to one Ag electrode causes Ag accumulation near the negatively biased electrode while the perovskite framework remains partly preserved. After reversing the electric field, much stronger Ag enrichment and Br⁻ redistribution are observed, together with a conductivity increase of about 7 orders of magnitude and a clear degradation of the nanowire region. In contrast, asymmetric Ag−(Ti/Au) devices show weaker structural and electrical evolution and reversing the field through the Ti/Au contact produces almost no additional change. Synchrotron-based nanofocused operando photoelectron microscopy further shows that under the lower electric field, Ag redistribution is gradual, spatially confined, and preferentially occurs at pre-existing defective or reactive regions. These results show that Ag actively drives interfacial evolution in perovskite nanowire devices and that contact configuration strongly affects migration and degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19349–19357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moiré Patterns-Based Low-Cost Flexible SERS Substrates for Multi-Analyte Detection of Biological and Chemical Molecules","authors":"Kirti Singh,&nbsp;Anindita Das,&nbsp;Rakesh Singh Moirangthem,&nbsp;Ruchi Chauhan,&nbsp;Pallian Murikkoli Sarun","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c02263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c02263","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable detection across diverse analyte classes remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), particularly when a single platform must address both biological and environmental targets. This work develops a geometrically engineered Moiré-patterned plasmonic substrate that delivers consistent, enhanced SERS performance for multifunctional sensing applications. Unlike conventional disc-templated SERS substrates with single-periodicity grating geometries, sequential thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL) using a commercial DVD is employed to fabricate flexible Moiré-patterned substrates with a continuously varying pitch distribution across the substrate surface, providing multiple analyte-trapping sites of varying gap dimensions. The interwoven fringe structure introduces controlled periodicity and inclination, promoting enhanced plasmonic coupling and dense hotspot formation, with the measured structural parameters in close agreement with theoretical predictions. The periodic and inclined Moiré geometry promoted effective electromagnetic confinement within the nanostructured regions, yielding an analytical enhancement factor of 6.69 × 10⁶ using Rhodamine 6G (Rd6G) as a probe molecule, together with a statistically determined limit of detection of 1.36 × 10⁻¹¹ M and good signal uniformity and reproducibility. Finite-element simulations provide qualitative insight into field localization, highlighting the role of pitch variation in hotspot formation. The substrate retained a consistent SERS performance under bending and repeated crumpling. As a proof-of-concept demonstration of dual-analyte capability, hemoglobin (Hb), an oxygen-transport biomolecule of diagnostic relevance, and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram), a toxic fungicide residue of environmental concern, were detected at 1 μM and 1 mM, respectively, illustrating the ability of the Moiré geometry to accommodate analytes of differing sizes and chemistry. These results establish the substrate as a proof-of-concept platform for dual-analyte detection, while comprehensive validation in complex real-world matrices remains the focus of future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19158–19172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Configuration and Molecular Motion-Assisted Emission Switching from Condensed Nanoaggregates to Macrocrystals: Rewritable Encryption and Photosensitized Cancer Cell Ablation","authors":"Retwik Parui,&nbsp;Sayantani Mukhopadhyay,&nbsp;Debika Barman,&nbsp;Khyati Gaur,&nbsp;Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh,&nbsp;Parameswar Krishnan Iyer","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03729","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Engineering π-conjugated molecules with donor(D)−acceptor(A) functional groups to regulate self-assembly behavior and fluorescence emission phenomena has remained captivating yet challenging to understand accurately their immense potential due to the complex molecular motion in the condensed state. Herein, two pairs of D−A-based orange (∼570 nm)/red (∼640 nm) emissive luminogens have been developed by varying the heteroatom in the donor functionality and the position of nitrogen atom in the cyano-pyridine acceptor. The molecular motion governed the regulation of emission properties during the transformation of the monomers to nanoaggregates and ultimately macrocrystals, depending on the surrounding molecular environment. An in-depth analysis of the single crystals of these molecules, grown in different solvent systems, reveals a pioneering concept of tuning the condensed-state emissive behavior correlated to molecular conformation and intermolecular interaction. Further, the molecular motion-induced luminescence variation was tweaked with external stimuli through a phase change matrix (PCM), enabling the development of a rewritable security ink for data encryption based on the thermochromic transition. Notably, the low Δ<em>E</em>_ST values facilitated excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, particularly following the type-I photodynamic therapy (PDT) process for effective image-directed phototheranostic killing of cancer cells. This concept thus provided vital leads for designing molecular motion-based conformation studies that trigger specific wavelength modulation, offering multidimensional applications as robust, rewritable thermochromic ink and permitting organelle-specific cellular imaging along with ROS-assisted photosensitized cancer cell ablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19440–19452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary WS2/GaN/PANI Nanocomposites for Thermodynamically and Kinetically Enhanced Ammonia Gas Sensing at Room Temperature","authors":"Ming Li,&nbsp;Yifan Yue,&nbsp;Jintao Zhang,&nbsp;Chengli Tang","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03813","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of ammonia (NH₃) is of crucial importance for environmental protection, agricultural safety, and industrial process control. In this work, a ternary WS₂/GaN/PANI (WGP) nanocomposite was designed from both thermodynamics and kinetics perspectives. The WGP nanocomposite was fabricated via a sequential thermal treatment of WS₂ and GaN, followed by in situ polymerization of aniline. The resulting sensor achieved a high response of 187.66% to 50 ppm NH₃ at room temperature, which is 4.2× that of pristine WS₂. The enhanced response dynamics was demonstrated by the short response/recovery times of 16 s/24 s. Comprehensive characterizations, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and quasi-in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealed that the superior performance originates from the synergistic effects among the three components, the formation of heterojunctions, and enhanced charge transfer. The provision of multiple sites and the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies both contribute to the enhanced ammonia gas-sensing performance of the WGP nanocomposite. With its reliable and stable response, the WS₂/GaN/PANI sensor offers a promising solution for real-time ammonia monitoring in chicken coop environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19453–19467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology-Directed Assembly and Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Gold Nanorods","authors":"Shu-Yang Gao,&nbsp;Zhi-Li Shen,&nbsp;Niboqia Zhang,&nbsp;Ning-Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Kun Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chiral plasmonic nanostructures with high optical asymmetry factors (<em>g</em>-factors) are promising for chiral recognition, biosensing, and asymmetric catalysis. However, the relationships among building-block morphology, assembly geometry, and chiroptical response remain incompletely understood. Here, we regulate the assembly structure and <em>g</em>-factor by controlling the morphology of chiral gold nanorods (c-GNRs). c-GNRs with different aspect ratios and degrees of surface twisting were prepared by sequential regrowth and thermal aging, respectively, and then assembled into structurally self-matched side-by-side configurations. Systematic analysis showed that moderate aspect ratios and surface twisting improved geometric matching and interlocking between adjacent c-GNRs. The resulting decrease in interparticle gap strengthened plasmonic coupling and increased the magnitude of the assembly <em>g</em>-factor to 0.22. Finite-difference time-domain simulations supported the experimentally observed dependence of the chiroptical response on morphology and interparticle spacing. These results show that optimizing geometric matching and coupling distance, rather than simply increasing nanoparticle size or surface twisting, is an effective strategy for enhancing the optical asymmetry of chiral nanoparticle assemblies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19479–19488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Near-Infrared Sn−Pb Perovskite Photodetectors Enabled by Synergistic Solvent−Additive Engineering","authors":"Xin Wen,&nbsp;Yuqin Hu,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Junhui Dai,&nbsp;Dexiong Song,&nbsp;Feng Qiu,&nbsp;Rongfei Wang,&nbsp;Feng Lin,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c02672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c02672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tin−lead (Sn−Pb) mixed perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for near-infrared photodetection owing to their narrow bandgaps and outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the facile oxidation of Sn²⁺ and the high defect density within the perovskite films severely limit the detection sensitivity and environmental stability of the resulting devices. Herein, we propose a combined modification strategy integrating DMPU-based solvent engineering with guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) additive engineering to improve the crystallization quality and surface chemical stability of Sn−Pb perovskite films. Mechanistic insights indicate that the strong Lewis base DMPU effectively regulates the crystallization kinetics through coordination with inorganic components in the precursor, yielding compact and smooth films. Meanwhile, GSA molecules introduce strong coordination with undercoordinated surface ions through their functional groups, suppressing the oxidation of Sn²⁺ to Sn⁴⁺. Consecutively, the modified photodetectors exhibit superior electrical and photoresponse performance. At zero bias, the optimized device yields a low dark current density of 1.49 × 10⁻⁹ A cm⁻², a broad spectral response from 350 to 850 nm, a peak responsivity of 0.362 A W⁻¹ at 830 nm, and a specific detectivity of 1.28 × 10¹² Jones. In addition, the device shows an expanded linear dynamic range of 89 dB and fast response/recovery times of 86/112 μs. Stability tests further demonstrate that the unencapsulated device retains 80% and 78% of its initial performance after being maintained in the dark under nitrogen at 85 °C for 700 h and stored in the dark in a nitrogen-filled glovebox at 25 ± 2 °C for 2500 h, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for developing high-performance near-infrared perovskite photodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19211–19221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-Confined CVD Synthesis of 2D Single-Crystalline Tellurium Oxychloride","authors":"Jiuxiang Dai,&nbsp;Mo Cheng,&nbsp;Yuhe Xia,&nbsp;Xinwei Tao,&nbsp;Xingxing Zhang,&nbsp;Zhitong Jin,&nbsp;Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxyhalides provide a unique platform for investigating complex multi-field coupling, intrinsic polarization, and physical anisotropy. However, current research in this field remains predominantly limited to transition-metal and rare-earth systems, leaving alternative crystal structures unexplored, particularly those featuring main-group metal or semimetal cations. Here, we report the space-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of 2D single-crystalline Te₆O₁₁Cl₂, a main-group tellurium oxychloride. By suppressing the material’s intrinsic bulk growth, the space-confined configuration directs the synthesis toward a preferential (001) orientation, producing highly uniform stoichiometric single crystals on various substrates. Such geometric confinement drives an anisotropic growth mode that favors lateral extension over vertical thickening, resulting in flakes with lateral sizes up to 97 μm and thicknesses down to 8.3 nm. The low-symmetry framework of Te₆O₁₁Cl₂, featuring highly anisotropic bonding configurations and heavy-atom lattices, dictates its in-plane vibrational anisotropy and an ultra-broad optical transparency window spanning from 0.3 to 25 μm. Optical and electrical measurements reveal that Te₆O₁₁Cl₂ possesses a wide bandgap of 3.85 eV, a high dielectric constant of 19.1, and a low leakage current density of ∼10⁻⁷ A cm⁻² prior to breakdown. This study introduces an open-framework main-group paradigm into the 2D oxyhalide material family, providing a potential candidate material for designing next-generation anisotropic electronic and optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19285–19292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Dual Fabrication of Graphene Quantum Dots and Turbostratic Carbon: Implications for Biomedical and Photocatalytic Applications","authors":"Alessandro Ciccone,&nbsp;Alejandro Cortés-Villena,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Ángel M. López-Buendía,&nbsp;Fernanda Rosario,&nbsp;Sérgio Marques,&nbsp;Helena Oliveira,&nbsp;Julia Pérez-Prieto,&nbsp;Raquel E. Galian","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c02296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c02296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest as metal-free fluorophores and photocatalysts due to their unique optoelectronic properties and (photo)stability. Herein, we report the ultrarapid (75 s) microwave-assisted synthesis of two distinct carbon-based materials using benzoic acid (BA) as the sole precursor. Comprehensive structural and spectroscopic characterization allowed the identification of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and turbostratic carbon (TC) formed simultaneously. The GQDs (average size of 6.5 nm) exhibit excitation-independent green emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 11%, show excellent cytocompatibility toward HaCaT cells at concentrations up to 10 μg·mL⁻¹, and potential selective toxicity toward skin cancer cells. In contrast, the TC demonstrates efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity for the photoreduction of methyl viologen (MV²⁺) to MV^•+, maintaining activity over at least four consecutive cycles, thus evidencing its performance as a robust carbon-based photocatalyst for electron−transfer reactions. Overall, this work presents an eco-friendly and fast synthetic strategy to obtain two structurally and functionally distinct carbon nanomaterials with potential for biological and visible-light photocatalytic applications, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19173–19184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α- and β-Pinene as a Solvent for Metal Halide Nanocrystal Synthesis","authors":"Davide Pratolongo,&nbsp;Riccardo Trevia,&nbsp;Giacomo Baldasso,&nbsp;Davide Mazza,&nbsp;Francesco Di Stasio,&nbsp;Chiara Lambruschini,&nbsp;Marta Campolucci,&nbsp;Federico Locardi","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c01811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c01811","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hot-injection method is widely employed for the synthesis of high-quality nanocrystals, offering fine control over critical parameters that determine their morphology and properties. However, its major drawback lies in the large volume of waste generated, primarily from the use of petroleum-derived solvents. Here, we demonstrate the use of pinenes, renewable and environmentally friendly solvents, for nanocrystal synthesis performed at relatively low temperatures via the hot-injection method. Nanocrystals with different stoichiometries were successfully obtained, including lead halide perovskites and lead-free double perovskites. Interestingly, the choice of solvent was shown to influence the outcome of the synthesis. This work highlights the potential of pinenes as green solvents for the preparation of metal halide nanocrystals without requiring high synthesis temperatures, offering a sustainable alternative for nanocrystal synthesis in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19134–19142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Morphine Electrooxidation on Morphology-Controlled Cu/Co3O4@Graphene Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites: Experimental Validation and DFT Analysis","authors":"Satish Kumar,&nbsp;Ruturaj Solanki,&nbsp;Siddharth Sameer,&nbsp;Preeti Parmar,&nbsp;Himalay M. Kolavada,&nbsp;Sajal Biswas,&nbsp;Satish Kumar,&nbsp;Bappi Paul","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this experimental study, a series of spinel metal/carbon nanocomposites, namely, Au/Co₃O₄@GNP, Ag/Co₃O₄@GNP, Cu/Co₃O₄@GNP, and Ni/Co₃O₄@GNP, were synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis using graphene nanoplatelets as a supportive material and studied for the electrochemical sensing of morphine. Structural and surface characterization was evaluated through XRD, BET, XPS, SEM, and TEM, which confirmed the desired formation of crystalline metal-Co₃O₄ nanostructures loaded on the graphene network with mesoporous characteristics and good surface integration. Among the prepared nanocomposites, Cu/Co₃O₄@GNP revealed a unique porous cabbage-like morphology with a highly interconnected framework, providing numerous active sites and effective electron-transfer pathways. Electrochemical studies were performed using EIS, CV, and DPV, demonstrating that the nanocomposite-Cu/Co₃O₄@GNP exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity toward morphine oxidation in 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.0. Under optimally configured conditions, the synthesized sensor was fabricated for a sequential detection range of 0.2−30 μM which delivered a lowest detection threshold of 0.2 μM. The electrode modified with Cu/Co₃O₄@GNP also showed good stability, with repeatability and its practical applicability in a biological sample, demonstrating its reliable potential for morphine analysis. Density functional theory calculations revealed that metal decoration modulates both morphine adsorption and the electronic structure of the Co₃O₄/graphene heterostructure, while Cu decoration provides favorable adsorption characteristics and enhanced electronic states near the Fermi level, supporting efficient charge-transfer processes during sensing. The superior sensing performance can be assigned to the synergistic connection between Co₃O₄, Cu metal, and graphene nanoplatelets, together promoting rapid electron transfer, enhancing the electroactive surface area, and supporting the oxidation of morphine. This research study delivers Cu/Co₃O₄@GNP as a highly effective nanocomposite platform for sensitive and reliable electrochemical sensing of morphine under optimal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 41","pages":"19244–19260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}