Energy & Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Efficient hydrogen evolution at Ni/CeOx interfaces in anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers","authors":"Ibrahem O. Baibars, Haisen Huang, Yang Xiao, Shuhao Wang, Yan Nie, Chen Jia, Kamran Dastafkan, Chuan Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4ee06113f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee06113f","url":null,"abstract":"A macro/mesoporous film with Ni/CeO<small>_<em>x</em></small> interfaces is designed <em>via</em> the dynamic hydrogen bubble template (DHBT) method for ampere-level production of hydrogen in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers (AEMWEs). The AEMWE achieves leading energy efficiencies of 95% and 80%, based on the higher and lower heating values of hydrogen, respectively, at 0.25 A cm<small>⁻²</small>, producing hydrogen at 42 kW h kg<small>⁻¹</small> and a cost of $0.84 per kg, thereby meeting the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) price target ($1 per kg) for 2030. A current density of 5 A cm<small>⁻²</small> is achieved at 2.08 V and 60 °C in the AEMWE, with overall cell activation and concentration overpotentials of 594 mV, establishing a leading position in the field. The Ni/CeO<small>_<em>x</em></small> catalyst exhibits superb hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity by delivering 1 A cm<small>⁻²</small> at an overpotential of 201 mV at 20 °C, far surpassing Ni, CeO<small>_<em>x</em></small>, and benchmark Pt/C catalysts. Electrochemical and theoretical calculations reveal accelerated charge transfer due to the preferential adsorption of intermediates at the tailored defective interfaces during hydrogen evolution. Hydrogen evolving during electro-deposition forms 3D channels for bubble removal in the AEMWE, akin to a hydrogen memory, speeding up mass transfer.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levelized cost and carbon intensity of solar hydrogen production from water electrolysis using a scalable and intrinsically safe photocatalytic Z-scheme electrochemical raceway system","authors":"Stephanie Collins, Yaset Acevedo, Daniel V Esposito, Rohini Bala Chandran, Shane Ardo, Brian James, Hanna Breunig","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05889e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05889e","url":null,"abstract":"Generating hydrogen from renewable resources would unlock a low-carbon energy carrier that could be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in sectors such as industry and transportation. Yet, the allocation of new or existing renewable electricity generation solely to hydrogen production remains contentious due to disputes regarding emissions accounting. Photocatalytic (PC) hydrogen production technologies offer a unique solution, as hydrogen is produced directly from solar energy and water, without the need for electricity generation. However, cost projections for all photocatalytic designs to date have suggested that they are not cost competitive compared to conventional electrolysis systems manufactured at scale. Herein, we offer the first illustrative benchmark of cost and carbon intensity of hydrogen produced in a Type 2 “Z-scheme” photocatalytic reactor design, which employs suspended semiconducting nanoconductor particles organized into two stacked volumes in a raceway design. The “Z-scheme” system utilizes two separate photoabsorber particles, tuned to drive either the hydrogen evolution reaction or the oxygen evolution reaction individually, connected via a reversible, charge transfer redox couple in solution. The results suggest a highly competitive and scalable technology, that justifies further experimental validation and prototyping in the field.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermolecular interactions triggered crystallization phase transition regulation for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Haodan Guo, Yang Wang, Kun Zhang, Mingquan Tao, Lutong Guo, Xiwen Zhang, Zhaofei Song, Jinxu Wen, Tian Hou, Yuelong Huang, Yanlin Song","doi":"10.1039/d5ee01031d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee01031d","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has witnessed remarkable improvements, yet the unbalanced δ-to-α phase crystallization transition dynamics and defects remain significant barriers to the reproducibility and stability of devices. Herein, we utilize the guanidine oxalate (GAOA) as ionic pair stabilizer to simultaneously regulate the crystallization dynamics and stabilize α-phase perovskite. The hydrogen bonds and bidentate chelation electrostatic interactions of GAOA and Pb-I framework effectively regulate the δ-to-α crystallization phase transition rate and restrict component loss during solvent evaporation. This strategy demonstrates broad applicability for the n-i-p and p-i-n structured PSCs with the champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.33% and 25.37%, respectively. Besides, the active area PCEs of modules are up to 21.97% for 37.9 cm2 and 19.25% for 641.4 cm2. Furthermore, the devices retain 93% of their initial efficiency for 1000 h and 95% for 500 h according to the ISOS-D-1 and ISOS-L-1 protocols.<span><style>text-decoration:underline\"</style></span>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data−driven Design of Advanced Magnesium−Battery Electrolyte via Dynamic Solvation Models","authors":"Ruimin Li, Wanyu Zhao, Zhengqing Fan, Meng Zhang, Jiayi Li, Rushuai Li, Zhi-Jun Zuo, Xiaowei Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5ee01304f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee01304f","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) facilitates electrolyte screening by correlating the complex physicochemical properties of solvent/clusters with battery performance. However, modeling and interpreting the high−dimensional relationships between dynamic evolution of ion−solvent cluster and their electrochemical performance with machine learning remains challenging by using traditional static model. In this work, we developed a dynamic solvation model by precisely extracting descriptors of the composition, solvation, and migration stages for solvated ions. Taking rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) as the sample, the model reveals that the optimal anion−coordinated solvation structure for RMBs features ligand coordination numbers (CNs) of 2/3/4 and an atomic CN of 5, enhancing desolvation and solid electrolyte interphase formation. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient, crucial for ionic conductivity, is influenced by dielectric constants and solvent properties. An intelligent screening process based on this model identifies electrolytes that demonstrate a low overpotential and long cycle life in experimental validation, offering new perspectives on designing high−performance batteries using artificial Intelligence. Best regards! Professor Xiaowei Yang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240, P. R. China. E-mail: yangxw@sjtu.edu.cn.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halogen-Substituted Phenazine Cores Reduce Energy Losses and Optimize Carrier Dynamics in Tethered Acceptors for 19.8% Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells","authors":"Liang Zeng, Rong Hu, Ming Zhang, Seunglok Lee, Qingyuan Wang, Shixin Meng, Qi Chen, Jiangang Liu, Lingwei Xue, Liwei Mi, Changduk Yang, Zhi-Guo Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5ee01686j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee01686j","url":null,"abstract":"Tethered small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), featuring multiple SMA subunits connected to an aromatic core via flexible chains, effectively suppressing thermodynamic relaxation and enhancing stretchability in polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, these devices typically exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) below 19%, lagging behind their SMA counterparts due to significant energy losses (~0.6 eV) and suboptimal charge transport. To address this, we incorporated phenazine moieties into the SMA subunits and employed a halogenation strategy to tune aggregation behavior and compatibility with polymer donor. The phenazine-modified acceptors reduced energy losses to 0.525 eV by suppressing non-radiative recombination. Specifically, the fluorine-modified acceptor (DPz-F) exhibited a homogeneous fibrous morphology and optimal phase separation, achieving a record PCE of 19.80% along with an unprecedented high fill factor of 82.42% for tethered acceptors. In contrast, DPz-Cl and DPz-Br blends showed looser aggregation and larger phase separation, yielding moderate PCEs of 17.95% and 18.50%, respectively. Notably, DPz-F-based devices demonstrated exceptional long-term stability, with a T80 lifetime of ~1000 h, outperforming their Br- and Cl-based counterparts. This work underscores the vital significance of reducing energy losses and enhancing carrier dynamics in the design high-performance tethered acceptors.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Insights for Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Saurabh Parab, Jonathan Lee, Matthew Miyagishima, Qiushi Miao, Bhargav Bhamwala, Alex Liu, Louis Ah, Bhagath Sreenarayanan, Kun Ryu, Mingqian Li, Neal Arakawa, Robert D. Schmidt, Mei Cai, Fang Dai, Ping Liu, Shen Wang, Ying Shirley Meng","doi":"10.1039/d5ee00618j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee00618j","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries hold significant promise for electric vehicles and aviation due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, understanding the root causes of performance degradation remains a formidable challenge, as the interplay of multiple factors obscures key failure mechanisms. A major limitation has been the inability to quantify soluble sulfur species within practical detection limits accurately and to correlate electrochemical processes with associated physical inventory changes. Here, we introduce the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography Sequential Characterization (HUGS) toolkit, capable of precisely quantifying seven distinct sulfur and polysulfide species at concentrations as low as 40 ppb. HUGS has been successfully applied to practical coin and pouch cells without requiring cell modification. Furthermore, our self-developed software, Dr. HUGS, enhanced the data analysis speed by over 30 times, enabling multi-source data integration and delivering comprehensive analysis results within just 2 minutes. Using HUGS, we identify significant capacity losses from inactive lithium and sulfur during initial cycles and sulfide-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the anode during later cycles. Notably, our findings reveal that soluble polysulfides have minimal contributions to capacity loss, challenging long-standing assumptions. Moreover, HUGS demonstrates that constant-pressure setups in Li-S pouch cells improve compositional uniformity compared to constant-gap configurations. For sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes, unique issues such as non-sulfide SEI formation and lithium pulverization are observed, which can be mitigated through localized high-concentration electrolytes to enhance lithium inventory retention. By enabling precise quantification of critical inventory components, HUGS provides transformative insights into failure mechanisms across various electrolytes and cathode chemistries, guiding rational design strategies for next-generation energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillating lithium ion-acceptor fluorine-donor electrolytes for practical fast-charging high-energy lithium metal pouch cells","authors":"Digen Ruan, Yanru Wang, Jiasen Guo, Zhuangzhuang Cui, Qingshun Nian, Zhihao Ma, Dazhuang Wang, Jiajia Fan, Jun Ma, Bingqing Xiong, Qi Dong, Ruiguo Cao, Shuhong Jiao, Xiaodi Ren","doi":"10.1039/d5ee00227c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee00227c","url":null,"abstract":"High-voltage Li metal batteries (LMBs) are promising high-energy-density energy storage solutions. However, achieving fast-charging under practical conditions has been a formidable challenge. Here, we synthesized 2-fluoro-1,1-dimethoxy-ethane (FDMN) with a super-lithiophilic fluorine group as a strategical co-solvent to address the long-standing dilemma between rapid Li<small>⁺</small> transport in bulk electrolytes and stable electrode–electrolyte interphases. As a Li<small>⁺</small> acceptor, FDMN shows a unique oscillating feature to enable fast Li<small>⁺</small> exchange across solvation complexes due to the asymmetric polar fluorine site, achieving a high Li<small>⁺</small> transference number of 0.80. As a fluorine donor, the strong fluorine-donating ability of FDMN facilitates the formation of an amorphous inorganic SEI interlaced with nanocrystalline Li<small>₂</small>O on the Li metal anode and a LiF-rich CEI on the high-voltage cathode. FDMN-based electrolytes improve Li coulombic efficiency under high current densities and enable excellent 1C/2C fast-cycling for 4.5 V nickel-rich LMBs with inhibited Li dendrite growth and Li consumption. Significantly, for the first time, a practical 2 A h NMC811‖Li pouch cell (412 W h kg<small>⁻¹</small> energy density based on the total mass) with a lean electrolyte (1.5 g A h<small>⁻¹</small>) achieves over 120 stable cycles under 1C fast-charging and 2C fast-discharging. This electrolyte design principle presents an encouraging approach for realizing practical fast-charging high-energy-density LMBs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzannulation of Furan: A Strategy for Stable and High-Performance Furan-containing Giant Electron Acceptor with Efficiency Exceeding 20%","authors":"Li Chen, Wenting Liang, Aleksandr A. Sergeev, Joshua Yuk Lin Lai, Xianghao Zeng, Kam Sing Wong, Jianquan Zhang, Sai Ho Pun, He Yan, Huawei Hu","doi":"10.1039/d5ee01588j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee01588j","url":null,"abstract":"The use of furan as a building block for electron acceptors in organic solar cells has been limited by its instability, particularly its susceptibility to Diels-Alder cycloaddition with singlet oxygen. In this study, we address the degradation challenges historically associated with furan through a benzannulation strategy, in which one of furan's double bonds is incorporated into an aromatic sextet, rendering the benzenoid aromaticity energetically unfavorable to disrupt via Diels-Alder cycloaddition. We synthesized a benzotrifuran-centered giant electron acceptor (BQx-O) with three Y6 arms, alongside benzotrithiophene (BQx-S) and benzotrisselenophene (BQx-Se) analogues for comparison. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the BQx-O maintains a near-planar structure, promoting enhanced π-conjugation and molecular packing compared to the more twisted thiophene and selenophene counterparts. As a result, BQx-O achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6% in binary OSCs, outperforming BQx-S (14.9%) and BQx-Se (12.6%), and setting a new benchmark for all furan-containing and all giant electron acceptors. In optimized ternary OSCs, BQx-O further reached a remarkable PCE of 20.11%. Moreover, the planar conformation of BQx-O and its reduced diffusion coefficient contribute to superior morphological and operational stability. This study demonstrates benzannulation as a straightforward yet powerful strategy for designing high-performance, photostable furan-containing acceptors, expanding possibilities for innovative electron acceptor designs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isomeric Selenasumanene-Pyridine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Muhammad Azam, Yao Ma, Boxue Zhang, Zhongquan Wan, Xiangfeng Shao, Haseeb Ashraf Malik, Xian Yang, Junsheng Luo, Chunyang Jia","doi":"10.1039/d5ee00004a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee00004a","url":null,"abstract":"Conjugated small molecules have emerged as promising candidates for hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although various structural designs of these molecules have been proposed, it remains unclear which configuration is truly optimal for enhancing device performance. Here, by designing two unique isomeric selenasumanene-pyridine-based HTMs, we successfully regulate the conformation of HTMs from parallel to orthogonal geometries. The architecture-functionality relationship stimulated by constitutional isomerism is explored through theoretical and experimental analyses. Specifically, the p-i-n PSCs based on orthogonal-structured HTM feature an efficiency up to 25.05% (certified at 24.70%), representing the superior value for π-conjugated small molecule HTMs. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices maintain over 96% of its initial efficiency after 1230 hours under light-thermal-operational conditions according to ISOS-L-2 protocol.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced electron and hole transfer behavior enables approaching 19% efficiency thick-film organic solar cells with improved fill factor†","authors":"Zhongwei Ge, Jia-Wei Qiao, Xiaoming Li, Runzheng Gu, Wenqing Zhang, Bohao Song, Guanghao Lu, Wei Ma, Xiao-Tao Hao, Yanming Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5ee01190f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee01190f","url":null,"abstract":"The development of thick-film organic solar cells (OSCs) is crucial for enhancing reproducibility in large-area industrial fabrication. Unfortunately, the film thicknesses of several hundred nanometers can exacerbate the imbalance in charge transfer between donor and acceptor, due to the differences in exciton diffusion length (LD), leading to severe charge recombination and a marked decline in the fill factor (FF) compared to standard devices. In this work, we systematically investigated how charge transfer mechanisms influence device performance by modulating the active layer configuration in thick-film OSCs. Our findings reveal that balancing electron transfer from donor to acceptor and hole transfer from acceptor to donor, following exciton dissociation at the interface, is a critical factor for achieving high FF in thick-film devices. This result was further supported by employing ternary strategy, which facilitated a more balanced charge transfer efficiency, yielding a record high-efficiency of 18.92% with a high FF of 76.8% at a film thickness of 300 nm. This study demonstrates broad applicability across other thick-film systems and provides a standardized approach for fabricating high-efficiency devices.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}