Energy & Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"From 20% single-junction organic photovoltaics to 26% perovskite/organic tandem solar cells: self-assembled hole transport molecules matter†","authors":"Xiaokang Sun, Fei Wang, Guo Yang, Xiaoman Ding, Jie Lv, Yonggui Sun, Taomiao Wang, Chuanlin Gao, Guangye Zhang, Wenzhu Liu, Xiang Xu, Soumitra Satapathi, Xiaoping Ouyang, Annie Ng, Long Ye, Mingjian Yuan, Hongyu Zhang and Hanlin Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05533K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05533K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Achieving high efficiency in single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) and tandem solar cells (TSCs) significantly relies on hole transport layers constructed from self-assembled molecules (SAMs) with a well-ordered, face-on alignment. In this study, we enhanced the ordered stacking of a SAM layer by leveraging the interaction between the π-conjugated backbone of SAMs and volatile solid additives with opposing electrostatic potentials. This approach induced a highly ordered stacking of the SAM layer, as confirmed by the presence of multiple X-ray scattering peaks and an increased Herman orientation factor from 0.402 to 0.726 after the evaporation of solid additives. This optimization not only strengthened hole transport properties but also positively influenced the film formation kinetics of the upper active layer, improving morphology and vertical phase separation. As a result, we achieved a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.06% (certified 19.24%) in PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs, with a further breakthrough PCE of 26.09% in perovskite-organic tandem solar cells (TSCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2536-2545"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated polyanion-layered oxide cathodes enabling 100 000 cycle life for sodium-ion batteries†","authors":"Zhiyu Zou, Yongbiao Mu, Meisheng Han, Youqi Chu, Jie Liu, Kunxiong Zheng, Qing Zhang, Manrong Song, Qinping Jian, Yilin Wang, Hengyuan Hu, Fenghua Yu, Wenjia Li, Lei Wei, Lin Zeng and Tianshou Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05110F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05110F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The practical application of Na<small>₃</small>V<small>₂</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₃</small>, a polyanionic cathode for sodium-ion batteries, is constrained by its poor electronic conductivity, limited specific capacity, and slow kinetics. In this study, an integrated polyanion-layered oxide cathode embedded within a porous carbon framework is designed. This cathode features an intergrown biphasic heterostructure, consisting of a Na-rich polyanionic compound, Na<small>_3.5</small>V<small>_1.5</small>Fe<small>_0.5</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₃</small> (NVFP), and a layered oxide, V<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> (NVFP–VO), which is optimized to enhance Na-ion storage performance. Fe doping reduces the bandgap of Na<small>₃</small>V<small>₂</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₃</small> and activates its V<small>⁴⁺</small>/V<small>⁵⁺</small> redox couple, enhancing both electronic conductivity and specific capacity. The porous carbon framework further improves the electronic conductivity of the integrated cathode and accommodates volume fluctuations during cycling. The heterostructure lowers ion transport barriers and accelerates reaction kinetics. Additionally, the low-strain V<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> phase functions as a stabilizer, effectively buffering volume fluctuations and stress gradients in NVFP. The spontaneous activation of V<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> further increases the capacity of the integrated cathode. Consequently, the cathode achieves a high reversible capacity of over 130 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at 0.1C and exhibits unprecedented cyclability, maintaining over 100 000 cycles with 72.6% capacity retention at 100C in half-cells. This represents the longest cycle life reported among polyanion-based cathodes. In addition, our prepared Ah-level pouch cells exhibit a high energy density of 153.4 W h kg<small>⁻¹</small> and a long cycle life exceeding 500 cycles. This study demonstrates that synergistic effects in multiphase integrated cathodes promote the development of advanced cathode materials for high-energy-density, fast-charging, and long-life sodium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2216-2230"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ee/d4ee05110f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the impact of photoinduced halide segregation on performance degradation in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Yuxiao Guo, Cong Zhang, Linqin Wang, Xingtian Yin, Bihui Sun, Changting Wei, Xin Luo, Shiyu Yang, Licheng Sun and Bo Xu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05604C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05604C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Halide segregation under light exposure is a critical factor contributing to performance degradation of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG PSCs). While this degradation has been traditionally linked to deficits in open-circuit voltage, our study identifies an initial sharp loss in short-circuit current density (<em>J</em><small>_SC</small>) as a significant inducement in the efficiency decline, particularly within the first ∼240 seconds of light irradiation. By systematically varying the thickness of perovskite films, we observed two distinct migration modes of halide ions. Our results indicate that the rapid formation of I-rich terminal domains (∼760 nm; ∼1.63 eV) plays a pivotal role in the <em>J</em><small>_SC</small> loss, rather than the gradually red-shifted phases typically seen in perovskite films. We found that in thicker films (∼420 nm), significant compressive strain in the crystal-stacked structure accelerates the formation of these I-rich domains. In contrast, thinner films (∼190 nm) exhibit a structure of vertically oriented crystals, despite having higher defect concentration and more pronounced photoinduced halide segregation, which enhances carrier extraction and stabilizes <em>J</em><small>_SC</small> output. These findings highlight the importance of crystallization regulation in perovskite films as a strategy to mitigate <em>J</em><small>_SC</small> loss and improve the photostability of WBG PSCs. Our research provides new insights into the mechanisms behind halide segregation and its impact on device performance, offering practical solutions for enhancing the long-term performance of WBG PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2308-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive investigation of Sr segregation effects on the high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction rate†","authors":"Weicheng Feng, Geng Zou, Tianfu Liu, Rongtan Li, Jingcheng Yu, Yige Guo, Qingxue Liu, Xiaomin Zhang, Junhu Wang, Na Ta, Mingrun Li, Peng Zhang, Xingzhong Cao, Runsheng Yu, Yuefeng Song, Meilin Liu, Guoxiong Wang and Xinhe Bao","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05056H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05056H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While the effects of Sr segregation on the performance and stability of perovskite electrodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have been widely studied, most attention has been focused on surface Sr segregates, with the impact of the resulting Sr deficiencies within the bulk phase of the electrodes largely ignored. Here, we report our findings from an investigation into the impact of Sr deficiencies in the SrCo<small>_0.7</small>Fe<small>_0.3</small>O<small>_{3−<em>δ</em>}</small> (SCF) lattice and surface Sr segregates on the electrochemical behavior of well-controlled anode materials. Results demonstrate that Sr deficiencies in the perovskite lattice significantly enhance bulk oxygen ion transport, while surface Sr segregates suppress oxygen vacancy formation at interfaces, resulting in a reduced rate of oxygen exchange and lower surface electrical conductivity. Our study provides critical insights into the roles of bulk Sr deficiencies and surface Sr segregates, particularly their effects on oxygen vacancy formation, electrical conductivity, oxygen ion transport, and the overall rate of a high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2273-2284"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ruthenium–titania core–shell nanocluster catalyst for efficient and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution†","authors":"Hyun Woo Lim, Tae Kyung Lee, Subin Park, Dwi Sakti Aldianto Pratama, Bingyi Yan, Sung Jong Yoo, Chan Woo Lee and Jin Young Kim","doi":"10.1039/D4EE04867A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE04867A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anion-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is an emerging technology for hydrogen production. While nanoparticles are used as catalysts to enhance catalytic activity, they face durability challenges due to high surface energy and reactivity. Here we present a core–shell nanocluster catalyst featuring a Ru metal core encapsulated in a porous/reduced titania monolayer, incorporating Mo atoms. This core–shell structure not only protects the unstable metal core but also lowers the energy barriers for water dissociation. The synergistic interface formed by the titania heterostructure and Mo doping modulates the electron density distribution of ruthenium active sites, fine-tuning the d-band electronic structure and optimizing the intermediate binding strengths. As a result, exceptionally low overpotentials of just 2 mV at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and 120 mV at 500 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> could be achieved. In a practical AEMWE system, the core–shell catalyst shows an outstanding current density of 3.35 A cm<small>⁻²</small> under a cell voltage of 2.0 V at 60 °C, preserving its activity over 530 h of long-term electrolysis at 0.5 A cm<small>⁻²</small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2243-2253"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ee/d4ee04867a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-atom tungsten doping induced chemical–electrochemical coupled pathway on Ni(OH)2 enables efficient urea electrooxidation†","authors":"Lebin Cai, Haoyun Bai, Jilong Li, Feng Xie, Kang Jiang, Ying-Rui Lu, Hui Pan and Yongwen Tan","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05340K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05340K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for wastewater recycling and energy recovery. However, the traditional UOR pathway on NiOOH surface is hindered by the rate-limiting desorption of *COO and the competition between the UOR and OER. In this study, we propose a chemical–electrochemical coupled pathway for the direct UOR, achieved through the construction of a single-atom W-doped nanoporous P–Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> catalyst (np/W–P–Ni(OH)<small>₂</small>). Specifically, the np/W–P–Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> catalyst exhibits exceptional UOR performance with an ultralow potential of 1.28 V <em>vs.</em> RHE to reach 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and a high UOR selectivity exceeding 90% across the entire potential range. A collection of <em>in situ</em> spectroscopies and theoretical calculations reveal that single-atom W dopants not only accelerate the formation of Ni(OH)O active intermediates by modulating the O charge in the lattice hydroxyl, but also lower the energy barrier of the proton-coupled electron transfer step and the cleavage of the C–N bond, thus realizing the highly efficient UOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2415-2425"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing atomistic dynamics at van der Waals surfaces for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of layered Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3†","authors":"Adil Mansoor, Bushra Jabar, Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Tayyaba Najam, Muhammad Ishaq, Shuo Chen, Fu Li, Xiao-Lei Shi, Yue-Xing Chen, Guang-Xing Liang, Zhi-Gang Chen and Zhuang-Hao Zheng","doi":"10.1039/D4EE04930F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE04930F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermoelectrics (TEs) enable the direct conversion of heat into electricity, but the thermoelectric performance of the state-of-the-art layered materials has been limited owing to the restricted approaches available for decoupling the carrier and phonon transport. Herein, a unique and novel feature of the intralayer van der Waals bonds/interactions is explored for improving the structural evolution and transport properties of a layered TE material. The atomistic dynamics governing inversion in van der Waals layers/bonds is established as an innovative material engineering paradigm. We selected the layered state-of-the-art Bi<small>_0.4</small>Sb<small>_1.6</small>Te<small>₃</small> material as a representative prototype to identify the transformative role of the intralayer in realizing high TE performance. The induced atomic diffusion at the van der Waals layers and prevailed crystal-amorphicity duality optimized the electronic and chemical environments with an elevated carrier concentration and maintained the Seebeck coefficient, which led to an improved power factor of ≈49 μW cm<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻²</small>. Besides, the atomistic surface reconstruction/defects caused a reduction in the thermal conductivity to ≈0.97 W m<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small>, which led to an ultra-high figure of merit (ZT<small>_max</small>) of ≈1.54 at ∼373 K. Thus, the present work provides a generic and practical strategy <em>via</em> the unique doping-dependent atomistic engineering, which can also be implemented in other layered structures to tailor the TE properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2485-2498"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced high-temperature energy storage in semi-aromatic polyimides via dual regulation of short-range ordered and crosslinked architectures†","authors":"Guanghu He, Hang Luo, Yuan Liu, Yuting Wan, Bo Peng, Deng Hu, Fan Wang, Xiaona Li, Jiajun Peng, Huan Wang and Dou Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4EE04519J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE04519J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymer-based dielectric capacitors for extreme environments require materials with exceptional electrical insulation. Polyimide (PI) is a promising candidate for high-temperature energy storage, yet it suffers from charge transfer complexes (CTCs) formation under high temperatures and electric fields, compromising its insulation performance. Addressing this critical limitation, our study presents an innovative molecular engineering strategy that simultaneously regulates the short-range ordered structure and crosslinking density within a semi-aromatic polyimide (SAPI) framework. By optimizing imidization temperatures and integrating ethyl side chains into the polymer architecture, we achieved molecular-level control that not only reduces energy losses but also significantly elevates energy storage capabilities under extreme conditions. Notably, the modified SAPI (E-SAPI) demonstrated discharge energy densities (<em>U</em><small>_d</small>) of 8.61 J cm<small>⁻³</small> at 150 °C and 6.50 J cm<small>⁻³</small> at 200 °C, with efficiency (<em>η</em>) exceeding 90%, positioning it among the top-performing materials in the field. Even at 250 °C, near its glass transition temperature, E-SAPI maintained a high <em>U</em><small>_d</small> of 3.94 J cm<small>⁻³</small>, showcasing exceptional insulation and resistance to catastrophic failure. This approach reveals a new paradigm for designing high-performance dielectric materials, potentially transforming the future of energy storage in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 5","pages":" 2405-2414"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodiophilic design for sodium-metal batteries: progress and prospects","authors":"Wanjie Gao, Yinxu Lu, Xu Tan, Tao Wang, Yueheng Yu, Yuhan Lu, Xinghao Zhang, Jie Wang, Yang Liu, Xi Liu, Bingyan Song, Shafi Ullah, Jiarui He and Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE05871B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE05871B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sodium-metal batteries are considered as attractive energy storage systems because of the high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, and abundant resources of metallic sodium (Na). However, the uncontrolled growth of Na dendrites significantly hinders their practical feasibility, leading to poor coulombic efficiency, limited cycling lifespan, and severe safety issues. To tackle this issue, many strategies focusing on sodiophilic design have been developed to ensure uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition. Unfortunately, it is noteworthy that the latest progress in sodiophilic design lacks a comprehensive and systematic evaluation. This review begins by thoroughly elucidating the formation mechanisms of Na dendrites and the underlying causes of battery failure. Subsequently, the recent scientific advancements for extending the cycling lifespan of Na metal batteries are comprehensively summarized based on a sodiophilic design strategy. Finally, we propose conclusive insights into enhancing the sodiophilic properties of Na metal anodes, which may guide battery design and deepen the understanding of sodiophilicity for the development of Na metal batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 4","pages":" 1630-1657"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the interfacial chemistry of calcium metal anodes: the importance of inorganic-rich solid/electrolyte interfaces derived from an aggregation-dominated electrolyte†","authors":"Shu Yang, Xianshu Wang, Ruimin Li, Yiming Zhou, Haonan Huang, Mengyuan Zhou, Yunyun Gao, Wanyu Zhao, Yukui Gao, Zhenghui Pan and Xiaowei Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4EE04478A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE04478A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metallic calcium (Ca) is a promising anode for rechargeable batteries; however, it is plagued by poor reversibility of Ca<small>²⁺</small> plating/stripping due to the lack of an idealized solid/electrolyte interface (SEI). This is intrinsically related to the fact that little knowledge is available on species that may be more favourable. Herein, this study reveals that the degradation of native SEIs is attributed to organic-rich species with insufficient electrical insulation, resulting in the continuous decomposition of conventionally used carbonic ester or ether solvents. On this basis, we propose a new insight that regulating the Ca<small>²⁺</small> solvent sheath to obtain inorganic-rich SEI is a decisive step toward developing reversible Ca metal anodes. With the screening of theoretical calculations, an aggregation (AGG) electrolyte is proposed by involving a small-sized and high-binding-energy anion (BF<small>₄</small><small>⁻</small>) into the Ca<small>²⁺</small> solvation sheath to realize the preferential reductive decomposition of anions. By this method, the derived inorganic fluorides and borates improve reversible Ca plating/stripping. Consequently, the Ca‖Ca symmetric cell exhibits a long-cycling stability over 350 h with low polarization. Finally, the density functional theory confirmed that the fundamental mechanism of working the hybrid inorganic-rich SEI is a low diffusion energy barrier and high electronic insulation that ensure fast Ca<small>²⁺</small> diffusion through the SEI film and reversible plating/stripping on the Ca metal surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 4","pages":" 1941-1951"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}