Energy & Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Highly efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells with excellent operational stability and blend-thickness tolerance†","authors":"Yuan Gao, Lin-Yong Xu, Xingyu Chen, Biao Xiao, Wei Gao, Jianlong Xia, Rui Sun and Jie Min","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01162K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01162K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Optimizing the nanoscale morphology of the active layer is critical for enhancing photovoltaic performance and operational stability in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (all-SMOSCs). However, controlling domain size and phase separation remains particularly challenging due to the similar chemical structure and miscibility of small-molecule donors (SMDs) and acceptors. To address this, we synthesized and incorporated a new SMD (SD86) into a host system (MPhS-C2:BTP-eC9), which led to the formation of a donor alloy (MPhS-C2:SD86). This approach facilitates the optimization of blend microstructure and carrier dynamics. Consequently, we achieved a record power conversion efficiency of 18.51% (certified value: 18.40%, which is the highest value reported so far), attributed to improved charge management (FF × <em>J</em><small>_SC</small>) and reduced energy loss in this ternary system. Additionally, the ternary system also exhibited remarkable operational stability and superior film-thickness insensitivity. The introduction of three additional all-small molecule systems based on various acceptors further confirms the universality of this donor-alloy strategy in improving efficiency, stability and processability. Overall, our results highlight the importance of the designed donor alloy strategy for morphology control toward high-performance all-SMOSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7302-7312"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatial structure regulation strategy modulated the solubility and compactness of novel face-on oriented bisphosphonate-anchored SAMs for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Weixu Duan, Kai Chen, Bingxue Pi, Shaojian Li, Zedong Lin, Cong Liu, Yuehua Pan, Haiqian Ling, Desheng Li, Liwei Zhou, Tao Liu, Fan Wu, Xiangwen Guo, Bingsuo Zou and Xiaotian Hu","doi":"10.1039/D5EE02269J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE02269J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The dramatic development of monophosphate self-assembled molecules (SAMs) with novel molecular structures has significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To date, face-on oriented bisphosphonate-anchored self-assembled molecules (D-SAMs) have not been attempted for application in PSCs, and adjusting intermolecular π–π interactions and molecular dipole moments <em>via</em> molecular design to obtain face-on oriented and tightly assembled D-SAMs is crucial for achieving high PCEs. Herein, a spatial structure regulation strategy was used to optimize the solubility and compactness of novel face-on oriented D-SAMs, thereby achieving a remarkable PCE of 25.81% and a fill factor (FF) of 86.92% in inverted PSCs based on TDT—this performance represents the highest efficiency reported to date for PSCs using D-SAMs as hole-transporting layers (HTLs). Furthermore, perovskite solar modules yielded a high PCE of 22.53%. Notably, under 3000 h of illumination using a solar simulator, unencapsulated TDT-based devices retained 93.04% of their initial PCE. This spatial structure regulation strategy presents a prospective approach for the further molecular design of new D-SAMs in PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7231-7244"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customizing vertical electrodeposition orientation and interfacial solvation to endow magnesium metal anodes with ultrahigh areal capacity†","authors":"Guyue Li, Liu Cao, Meng Lei, Keyi Chen and Chilin Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01011J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01011J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Magnesium metal batteries (MMBs) are considered as promising next-generation battery systems owing to their high theoretical capacity and elemental abundance of Mg. However, the potential interfacial passivation, sluggish desolvation kinetics and dendrite formation severely constrain the cycling stability of MMBs. In this work, we developed 3-bromofluorobenzene (BrFB) as a facet-termination additive based on conventional electrolytes to enhance the crystallographic orientation selectivity of Mg deposition and modulate the interfacial solvation structure of Mg<small>²⁺</small>. This additive enabled the customization of the vertical electrodeposition of Mg with a preferential orientation for (110) crystal planes. The dipole–dipole interaction between the solvent and BrFB induced a weakened shielding effect towards Mg<small>²⁺</small> and enhanced the reaction kinetics at the electrolyte/electrode interface. The <em>in situ</em> construction of a Br/F hybrid interface during cycling facilitated the suppression of parasitic reactions and dendrite proliferation under extreme operating conditions. The symmetric cells exhibited plating/stripping cycling under an ultra-high areal capacity of 30 mA h cm<small>⁻²</small> with an exceptional Mg utilization rate of 89%, ultra-long cycling over 7000 h with a low overpotential of less than 190 mV, and stable cycling over 2800 h at a low temperature of −20 °C. The asymmetric cells exhibited a significantly enhanced average coulombic efficiency of 98.15% over 1800 cycles. The Mg||CuS full cell exhibited a high reversible capacity of approximately 200 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> and excellent rate performance. Thus, the synergistic customization of solvation structure, solid–electrolyte interface and preferred electrodeposition orientation offers a promising strategy for developing highly durable Mg metal anodes for practical MMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7254-7266"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-carbon supported B/N-coordinated Fe single atoms with a tuned electronic structure for long lifespan zinc–iodine batteries†","authors":"Yong Li, Aoyang Zhu, Guodong Peng, Jun He, Hongqiang Li, Dedong Jia, Guanjie He, Jieshan Qiu and Xiaojun He","doi":"10.1039/D5EE00809C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE00809C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have great potential to boost the sluggish iodine redox kinetics and alleviate the polyiodide shuttle in aqueous zinc–iodine (Zn–I<small>₂</small>) batteries. Nevertheless, it is a big challenge to improve the catalytic activity of traditional metal nitrogen (M–N<small>₄</small>) SACs by adjusting the microenvironment to enhance iodine redox kinetics. Herein, asymmetric B/N-coordinated Fe single atoms (Fe–B<small>₂</small>N<small>₂</small>) immobilized on carbon nanotube forests (denoted as Fe-SAs@BNCF) are prepared by a one-pot calcination method and used as the iodine host in Zn–I<small>₂</small> batteries. Theoretical calculation results have revealed that the B sites function to increase the electron density by disrupting the symmetrical electron distribution around the Fe sites compared to traditional Fe–N<small>₄</small>. Correspondingly, the as-synthesized Fe–B<small>₂</small>N<small>₂</small> SACs significantly improve polyiodide adsorption and electrocatalytic activities in Zn–I<small>₂</small> batteries. Moreover, carbon nanotube forests provide more adsorption sites for polyiodides. Consequently, the Zn–I<small>₂</small> batteries with Fe-SAs@BNCF as a host enable a superb long lifespan (78% retention over 60 000 cycles at 5 A g<small>⁻¹</small>) and a high rate capability (147 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at 10 A g<small>⁻¹</small>). This work provides a promising strategy for designing advanced I<small>₂</small> cathodes with asymmetric single atoms for long-life Zn–I<small>₂</small> batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7213-7222"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective synthesis of dense high-spin D1 active sites via engineered less-graphitized carbon environments†","authors":"Xuan Luo, Jia-Bao Nie, Huang Liang, Yu-Yang Li, You-Heng Wang, Qi-Kang Que, Jean-Pol Dodelet and Yu-Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EE00141B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE00141B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fe–N–C catalysts are the most promising alternative to Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the mixture of two distinct active sites—highly active but unstable D1 and less active but more stable D2—has complicated the study of site-specific catalytic behaviors. Here we report a synthetic procedure to maximize the D1 site by introducing ascorbic acid (AA) as a perturbing molecule. The AA not only increases the single-atom loading, but also creates a less-graphitized carbon environment, featuring increased carbon defects and mesoporosity, which favors D1 site formation. This resulting catalyst exhibits over 80% D1 site and a substantially high D1 concentration of 2.13 wt%. The denser D1 sites, as well as the increased mesoporosity, enables a current density of 151 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> at 0.8 V and a peak power density of 803 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> at 1.5 bar air. Meanwhile, the catalyst loses 93% of its initial power within 50 hours. Both the activity and stability behaviors meet the characteristics of the D1 site. The study paves the way for the precise exploration of the D1 active site, not only for the ORR but also potentially for other catalytic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7245-7253"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic trade-off of electronic structures to activate and stabilize lattice oxygen via a Ceδ+–O/Co–Fe hydroxide interface for industrial level water oxidation†","authors":"Zhimin Li, Jianhong Yi, Yu Tang, Zhengfu Zhang, Chengping Li, Rui Bao and Jinsong Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01330E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01330E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing highly active lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM)-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts capable of stable operation under high potential remains a critical bottleneck for advancing anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology. Herein, we propose dynamic modulation of the electronic structure of the electrocatalyst during the OER utilizing the flexible redox states of Ce<small>^<em>δ</em>+</small> as an electronic buffer. Specifically, at the OER activation stage, CeO<small>₂</small> with lower Fermi levels accelerates surface reconstruction of Fe–Co(OH)<small>₂</small> into active phase Co(<small>IV</small>)–O<small>_<em>x</em></small> to trigger the LOM. Subsequently, the formative Co(<small>IV</small>)–O<small>_<em>x</em></small> can reverse-trap electrons from CeO<small>₂</small> to maintain a stable chemical state under high bias. This shuttling of electrons between Co<small>²⁺</small> → Ce<small>^3+/4+</small> and Ce<small>^3+/4+</small> → Co<small>^3+/4+</small> can activate and stabilize lattice oxygen, thereby synergistically enhancing both intrinsic activity and stability. Remarkably, the constructed CeO<small>₂</small>/Fe–Co(OH)<small>₂</small> catalyst demonstrates outstanding activity (189 and 346 mV at 10 and 1000 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>) and viable durability (800 h at 1000 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>), achieving 1000 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> at 1.78 V for 1600 h in practical AEMWE setups. This work provides a promising avenue for designing high-efficiency and durable OER catalysts, addressing key challenges in AEMWE technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7188-7202"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial engineering of dopant-free phthalocyanine hole transporters for >22% efficiency perovskite solar modules†","authors":"Zhen-Yang Suo, Xijiao Mu, Chong Chen, Guo-Bin Xiao and Jing Cao","doi":"10.1039/D5EE00120J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE00120J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The instability of doped Spiro-OMeTAD, a widely used hole transport material (HTM), hinders the industrial progress of n–i–p structured perovskite photovoltaics. Phthalocyanines, known for their stability as HTMs, present a promising alternative for durable devices. However, challenges like energy level mismatches with the perovskite and lower charge mobility have limited their efficiency in small-area devices, affecting high-performance modules. This work addresses these limitations through interfacial engineering between perovskite and phthalocyanine layers, employing alkyl ammonium salts. Post-treatment of the perovskite film with these molecules adjusts the conduction band alignment at the perovskite surface to well match the phthalocyanine energy level. Such a modification also promotes the crystallization of phthalocyanines, improving molecular orientation for enhanced hole transport. Consequently, the optimized solar modules with phthalocyanine-based HTMs without doping achieve a record efficiency of 22.12% (certified 22.05%) for a 12.63 cm<small>²</small> aperture area, almost approaching the performance of Spiro-OMeTAD-based devices. Notably, the unencapsulated device retains over 96% of its initial performance after 2000 hours of continuous 1-sun illumination under maximum power point operating conditions. Furthermore, the encapsulated device maintains its original performance for over 1600 hours under water immersion and heating at 85 °C, simulating more realistic operational conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7203-7212"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressing electrostatic potential fluctuations to achieve high-efficiency organic photovoltaic cells for laser wireless energy transfer†","authors":"Yang Xiao, Yong Cui, Haoyu Yuan, Jingwen Wang, Zhihao Chen, GuanLin Wang, Wei Fu, Zhen Fu, Yafei Wang, Tao Zhang, Yue Yu, Runnan Yu, Guangzheng Zuo, Maojie Zhang, Xiaotao Hao and Jianhui Hou","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01440A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01440A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Innovative molecular design strategies have significantly enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Controlling monomeric electrostatic potential fluctuations (ESPFs) improves the PCE by achieving a high fill factor (FF), yet current studies largely neglect ESPF changes after aggregation. Here, we designed and synthesized three wide-bandgap acceptors, named AITO-Br, AITO-2F, and ITO-2F. Theoretical calculation results indicate that molecular aggregation leads to delocalization of π electrons, causing the ESPF of dimers to redistribute. Consequently, the AITO-2F molecule shows a minimal Stokes shift, temperature dependence, and energy disorder due to its low dimer ESPF. Furthermore, blending with PBQx-TCl, AITO-2F also retains the superior optoelectronic properties in blended films. Ultimately, OPV cells based on PBQx-TCl:AITO-2F achieved a PCE of 16.1%, accompanied by a high FF of 0.803. Notably, this is the highest efficiency for wide-bandgap acceptors with a bandgap below 750 nm. Transient absorption indicates that AITO-2F's low ESPF promotes intra-moiety excited states, enhancing exciton dissociation and reducing recombination. Under a 660 nm laser, PBQx-TCl:AITO-2F-based cells achieve a remarkable FF of 0.838 and a PCE of 36.4%, highlighting its potential in laser wireless energy transfer and the Internet of Things applications. This work presents a molecular design strategy by regulating aggregated ESPFs, paving the way for developing high-performance OPV materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7136-7145"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing next-generation all-weather and efficient atmospheric water harvesting powered by solar energy†","authors":"Pengfei Wang, Jiaxing Xu, Zhaoyuan Bai, Ruzhu Wang and Tingxian Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01454A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01454A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The water crisis has emerged as one of the most severe threats to global sustainable development. The atmosphere contains approximately 13 000 trillion liters of water and serves as an accessible natural water source everywhere. Extracting water from ubiquitous air using solar energy is recognized as a transformative route to addressing water shortages. However, low energy efficiency and poor water productivity are the most critical obstacles to realizing efficient atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the water-energy nexus in order to propel AWH innovation by maximizing water production while minimizing energy consumption. We analyze the challenges of conventional AWH technologies and propose next-generation solar-powered hybrid AWH (HAWH) paradigms by integrating complementary AWH mechanisms with synergistic energy utilization. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates the greater global energy-saving potential and broader weather adaptability of HAWH compared to conventional AWH. Finally, we outline the future challenges and directions of HAWH for all-weather and efficient water harvesting from air.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 14","pages":" 7005-7022"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A universal interfacial-engineering strategy for the air electrodes of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells†","authors":"Kang Xu, Yangsen Xu, Feng Zhu, Zhiwei Du, Xirui Zhang, Zhuo Cheng and Yu Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5EE01894C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EE01894C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The main obstacles to developing reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) are the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in air electrodes and weak interface contact between the air electrode and the electrolyte. Here, we report a universal interfacial engineering strategy that lowers the polarization resistance (<em>R</em><small>_p</small>) and ohmic resistances (<em>R</em><small>_ohm</small>) by adding an appropriate amount of Ag into an air electrode (PrBaCo<small>_1.8</small>Fe<small>_0.1</small>Y<small>_0.1</small>O<small>_{5+<em>δ</em>}</small>, PBCFY) and depositing a thin nano-structured PBCFY interlayer between the air electrode and electrolyte <em>via</em> a cost-effective drop coating method. Similar performance enhancement is found in the other two state-of-the-art air electrodes (PrBa<small>_0.5</small>Sr<small>_0.5</small>Co<small>_1.5</small>Fe<small>_0.5</small>O<small>_{5+<em>δ</em>}</small> and PrBa<small>_0.8</small>Ca<small>_0.2</small>Co<small>₂</small>O<small>_{5+<em>δ</em>}</small>). The designed electrodes with the interlayer display low <em>R</em><small>_p</small> and <em>R</em><small>_ohm</small> values of 0.062 and 0.088 Ω cm<small>²</small> on a single cell at 600 °C, much lower than that of a PBCFY electrode without the interlayer. The R-PCECs with such an electrode and interlayer can stably operate for hundreds of hours with excellent performance (1.278 W cm<small>⁻²</small> in the fuel cell mode; −1.133 A cm<small>⁻²</small> at 1.3 V in the electrolysis mode) at 550 °C. Moreover, the symmetrical cells and single cells with the PBCFY interlayer both demonstrate excellent thermal cycling stability, even at a fast heating/cooling rate of 10 °C min<small>⁻¹</small>. This work provides a new interfacial design of active electrode materials and nano-structures for high-performance R-PCECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 13","pages":" 6722-6731"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}