Andreas Wolf, Felix Nagler, Philip Daubinger, Christoph Neef, Karl Mandel, Andreas Flegler and Guinevere A. Giffin
{"title":"Circular battery design: investing in sustainability and profitability","authors":"Andreas Wolf, Felix Nagler, Philip Daubinger, Christoph Neef, Karl Mandel, Andreas Flegler and Guinevere A. Giffin","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03418J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03418J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sustainability along the battery value chain is a much talked about goal but currently comes third after cost and performance. Historically, improved sustainability comes with a penalty in terms of cost and performance. This interplay will certainly evolve in the coming years. Ecological and social aspects driven by legislative frameworks guarantee recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to prevent hazardous waste in landfills. The trend in the electric vehicle (EV) sector towards low-cost chemistries like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) represents a double-edged sword, as the recycling profitability of such materials is extremely low for the established recycling methods. Extending battery lifetime and enabling direct recycling, where anode and cathode materials maintain their structure and functionality, are key strategies to increase sustainability and profitability. However, their implementation necessitates a shift in LIB design priorities. This Perspective highlights design for circularity as an enabler for improved battery longevity and direct recycling and represents a key tipping element for reducing cost and increasing sustainability in LIB production and disposition concurrently. We outline challenges and opportunities in battery production with special focus on the European EV sector and define actions required from various stakeholders along the value chain to overcome the mindset of linear economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8529-8544"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ee/d4ee03418j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Guo, Guangchao Han, Jing Guo, Haotian Guo, Yuang Fu, Xiaodan Miao, Zhen Wang, Dongsheng Li, Shuixing Li, Xiaomin Xu, Xinhui Lu, Hongzheng Chen, Yuanping Yi and Philip C. Y. Chow
{"title":"Engineering ultrafast exciton dynamics to boost organic photovoltaic performance†","authors":"Yu Guo, Guangchao Han, Jing Guo, Haotian Guo, Yuang Fu, Xiaodan Miao, Zhen Wang, Dongsheng Li, Shuixing Li, Xiaomin Xu, Xinhui Lu, Hongzheng Chen, Yuanping Yi and Philip C. Y. Chow","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03315A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03315A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >State-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are based on Y-type acceptors, with power conversion efficiencies now exceeding 20%. However, the basic structure–photophysics–performance relationship of these materials remains unclear, hindering rational material development and engineering. Here we investigate a broad range of Y-type acceptors using a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. We first show that a transient electroabsorption (TEA) signal is universal in neat Y-type acceptor films upon photoexcitation, which is caused by the formation of intermolecular charge-transfer (ICT) states in tightly packed molecular aggregates (<em>i.e.</em> ordered regions of the film). Tracking the TEA signal growth dynamics can monitor the migration of excitons from disordered to ordered regions in various Y-type acceptor films on the sub-picosecond timescale. Importantly, our results reveal that Y-type acceptors with moderately reduced intermolecular interaction strength can generally achieve faster exciton migration, better structural uniformity and higher device performance, thereby providing insights for future OPV material development and engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8776-8786"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wang, Pu Guo, Jing Zhou, Bing Bai, Yifan Li, Mingrun Li, Pratteek Das, Xianhong Wu, Linjuan Zhang, Yi Cui, Jianping Xiao and Zhong-Shuai Wu
{"title":"Tuning the Co pre-oxidation process of Co3O4via geometrically reconstructed F–Co–O active sites for boosting acidic water oxidation†","authors":"Yi Wang, Pu Guo, Jing Zhou, Bing Bai, Yifan Li, Mingrun Li, Pratteek Das, Xianhong Wu, Linjuan Zhang, Yi Cui, Jianping Xiao and Zhong-Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03982C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03982C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cobalt-based oxides are potential alternatives to noble metal catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER); however, their activity and stability are limited by the surface reorganization of cobalt oxide into the Co(<small>IV</small>)<img>O active phase of pure Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small> with retarded OER kinetics. Herein, we report a geometrically reconstructed active site F–Co–O of Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4−<em>x</em></sub></small>F<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> phase by forming an F electron-dominated sharing effect, which prominently regulates the Co pre-OER feature of the pure Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small> catalyst, and displays an unconventional electrochemical behavior for remarkably boosted acidic water oxidation. The Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4−<em>x</em></sub></small>F<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> catalyst exhibits a relatively low overpotential of 349 mV at 10 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> and operation durability of 120 h at 100 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> for the acidic OER, making it one of the best-performing non-noble metal catalysts. The in-depth mechanistic analysis <em>via</em> quasi <em>in situ/operando</em> techniques and density functional theory proves the ability of F to adjust the Co pre-oxidation reaction on Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4−<em>x</em></sub></small>F<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> and reproduces the remarkable activity of the OER over Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4−<em>x</em></sub></small>F<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>, as well as detailing the switchable rate-determining step and catalytic mechanisms for exceptionally enhanced performance. This work opens feasible avenues for designing acidic OER catalysts of non-precious metal oxides toward commercial water electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8820-8828"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanchao Ren, Zizhuo Wang, Jie Chen, Fei Wu and Hengyu Guo
{"title":"An octave box inspired energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator for highly efficient wave energy harvesting†","authors":"Yuanchao Ren, Zizhuo Wang, Jie Chen, Fei Wu and Hengyu Guo","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02969K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02969K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show great potential for wave energy harvesting. However, the low frequency and chaotic nature make it difficult for TENGs to generate stable electrical outputs, posing challenges for directly powering electronics and designing universal power management circuits. Inspired by the consistent and steady energy output of octave boxes, we propose a novel energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator (ER-TENG). Chaotic wave energy is temporarily stored in coil springs by one-way bearings and then converted into a controlled rotation to drive TENGs through the synergistic effect of a gear set and a centrifugal speed limiter. The relationship between the rotational speed and the configuration of the gear set/centrifugal speed limiter is investigated to optimize the mechanical transmission efficiency. Moreover, the utilization of ternary dielectric materials and multi-layer stacked units enhances the electro-mechanical conversion efficiency, resulting in an average power density of up to 15.67 W m<small><sup>−3</sup></small>. Fast charging of capacitors is achieved through the ER-TENG using a simple power management circuit. In practical applications, the ER-TENG demonstrates the capability to continuously power offshore appliances. This energy regularization strategy enables TENGs to directly output a stable signal, which serves as a significant reference for the development of smart ocean systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8829-8837"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Jiang, You Zeng, Qi Yang, Puda Lu, Keqi Qu, Lihang Ye, Xuejun Lu, Ziqiang Liu, Xixian Li, Yongchao Tang, Jinchao Cao, Shimou Chen, Chunyi Zhi and Jieshan Qiu
{"title":"Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO2 batteries during the cathode scaleup†","authors":"Na Jiang, You Zeng, Qi Yang, Puda Lu, Keqi Qu, Lihang Ye, Xuejun Lu, Ziqiang Liu, Xixian Li, Yongchao Tang, Jinchao Cao, Shimou Chen, Chunyi Zhi and Jieshan Qiu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02871F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02871F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> is considered a promising cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), however there is a dilemma that it demonstrates high specific capacities at small mass loadings but sharp capacity shrikage at large mass loadings. Here, we uncover this dilemma and develop a deep ion mass transfer (DIMS) strategy. Alkaline zincate (ZHS) forms with the H<small><sup>+</sup></small>/Zn<small><sup>2+</sup></small> co-intercalation, which partially covers the cathode surface at small mass loading while fully covers the cathode surface under large mass loading. DIMS involves regulating MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> by interstitial carbon (IC@MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) to suppress the affinity toward OH<small><sup>−</sup></small>/SO<small><sub>4</sub></small><small><sup>2−</sup></small>, thus impeding ZHS coverage. We develop an accurate method to quantify the zinc storage amount normalized by manganese, which shows that IC@MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> exhibits zinc storage enhancement by 182.4% compared to bare MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>. IC@MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> exhibits remarkable capacity enhancement of 162% compared to bare MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> at 10 mg cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>. This study presents a promising direction for the lab-to-market transition of AZIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8904-8914"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chongwei Gao, Ming Chen, Jiantao Li, Xunan Wang, Guobin Zhang, Xi Tan, Shuhua Zhang, Guang Feng, Dengyun Zhai, Feiyu Kang
{"title":"Unveil the role of structural vacancy in Mn-based Prussian blue analogues for energy storage application","authors":"Chongwei Gao, Ming Chen, Jiantao Li, Xunan Wang, Guobin Zhang, Xi Tan, Shuhua Zhang, Guang Feng, Dengyun Zhai, Feiyu Kang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee01618a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01618a","url":null,"abstract":"Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for monovalent- and multivalent-ion batteries due to their large framework structures. Nevertheless, the influence of lattice vacancies on electrochemical performance has not been thoroughly clarified, hindering the further development of PBAs. Here we identify two types of functional vacancies, namely structural vacancy (SV) and incidental vacancy (IV) in manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) through Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Unlike structurally disordered IV, the introduction of structurally ordered SV promotes ion transport and reduces the interaction between host ions and the framework, enabling improved cyclic and rate performance. The controllable adjustment of SV in K-rich MnHCF is achieved through a co-reactant method. Furthermore, the partial introduction of SV in K-rich MnHCF is demonstrated to favor both a milder structural evolution by alleviating the Jahn-teller distortion of Mn<small><sup>3+</sup></small> and a stable dynamic process of interface reaction. This study unveils the potential importance of incorporating structural vacancy into MnHCF for advanced energy storage applications.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steve Griffiths, Joao M. Uratani, Alejandro Ríos-Galván, John M. Andresen, M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
{"title":"Green flight paths: a catalyst for net-zero aviation by 2050","authors":"Steve Griffiths, Joao M. Uratani, Alejandro Ríos-Galván, John M. Andresen, M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer","doi":"10.1039/d4ee02472a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee02472a","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production and use is essential to achieving net-zero aviation by 2050. In this perspective, we argue that catalysing SAF production from the very low level of 2022 (0.1% of the 2050 required level for net-zero) can be achieved <em>via</em> the establishment of “green flight paths” (GFPs) that kick-start SAF implementation through targeted support from key international partner countries. The development of GFPs builds on the Clydebank Declaration from COP26 for green shipping corridors, which is aimed at transforming emissions at sea. Similarly, we define here GFPs as specific aviation routes where financially viable supply chain opportunities for zero-emission air-travel are incentivised. We examine here how GFPs are likely to be spearheaded by countries, such as the UK and the UAE, which are both large international aviation markets that have the political, technical and production capabilities to be world-leaders in pursuing the earlier stages of investment (which are inherently riskier) in developing SAF commercial production capacity for the decarbonization of their aviation sectors. We further discuss how from an energy justice perspective, GFPs are ideal for catalysing SAF adoption and cost reduction in a just way by placing the burden where accountability is required.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jae Taek Oh, Yongjie Wang, Carmelita Rodà, Debranjan Mandal, Gaurav Kumar, Guy Luke Whitworth and Gerasimos Konstantatos
{"title":"Post-deposition in situ passivation of AgBiS2 nanocrystal inks for high-efficiency ultra-thin solar cells†","authors":"Jae Taek Oh, Yongjie Wang, Carmelita Rodà, Debranjan Mandal, Gaurav Kumar, Guy Luke Whitworth and Gerasimos Konstantatos","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03266G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03266G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ternary chalcogenide AgBiS<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a new environmentally friendly material for non-toxic solution-processed solar cells, with a record efficiency of ∼9%. To date, however, this has been achieved with NCs that undergo a ligand exchange process exclusively in the solid-state increasing the manufacturing complexity and cost. Improving surface passivation has been the main route towards high performance nanocrystal based solar cell devices, with current strategies relying on methods that only diversify the types of passivating ligands in solutions or stepwise <em>ex situ</em> additional ligand treatment. Herein, we report a post-deposition <em>in situ</em> passivation strategy for AgBiS<small><sub>2</sub></small> NC inks involving a multifunctional molecular agent that serves to provide effective colloidal dispersibility of the nanocrystal ink, as well as to passivate nanocrystal surfaces after film deposition <em>via in situ</em> dissociation of chloride ions as atomic surface passivants. We show that, upon improved colloidal dispersibility and surface passivation, AgBiS<small><sub>2</sub></small> NCs yield thin films free from morphological defects with low trap-state density and balanced charge carrier mobilities. As a result, this process leads to ultrathin-film solar cells with a fill-factor of 72% and a power conversion efficiency in excess of 10%, setting a new record for eco-friendly, solution-processed ultrathin solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8885-8892"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yikui Gao, Jiaqi Liu, Linglin Zhou, Lixia He, Di Liu, Peiyuan Yang, Bingzhe Jin, Zhong Lin Wang and Jie Wang
{"title":"Achieving high performance triboelectric nanogenerators simultaneously with high-voltage and high-charge energy cycle†","authors":"Yikui Gao, Jiaqi Liu, Linglin Zhou, Lixia He, Di Liu, Peiyuan Yang, Bingzhe Jin, Zhong Lin Wang and Jie Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02447H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02447H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), serving as an innovative energy harvesting technology, have garnered significant attention and demonstrated promising potential applications across internet of things and artificial intelligence. However, developing an efficient and rational power management circuit (PMC) remains a significant challenge, primarily attributed to the limited energy transmission efficiency. Here, we propose a universal and effective strategy that can achieve lossless energy transmission between TENGs and PMCs by using the inherent capacitor of the TENG as the excitation source for the PMC. Additionally, we attain high-charge output (1.24 mC m<small><sup>−2</sup></small>) and high-voltage output (7200 V) simultaneously by harnessing the space charge accumulation effect and increasing the thickness of the triboelectric layer. More importantly, a high energy output of 4.24 J m<small><sup>−2</sup></small> cycle<small><sup>−1</sup></small> is achieved in the HV–HQ energy cycle by eliminating spark discharge at the synchronous switch. This groundbreaking work perfectly addresses the unavoidable low energy transmission efficiency issue, and provides a new methodology for achieving high-performance TENGs to power electrical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8734-8744"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ee/d4ee02447h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ligang Wang, Jialu Li, Shufang Ji, Yuli Xiong and Dingsheng Wang
{"title":"Microenvironment engineering of covalent organic framework based single/dual-atom catalysts toward sustainable energy conversion and storage","authors":"Ligang Wang, Jialu Li, Shufang Ji, Yuli Xiong and Dingsheng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03704A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03704A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atomically dispersed catalysts with nearly 100% metal utilization have attracted widespread interest for application in heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage and conversion. Because of the strong metal–support interactions (SMSIs), the support plays a vital role in precisely regulating the local microenvironment of atomically dispersed metal sites at the atomic-level, which significantly affects the catalytic activity and selectivity of catalysts. Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been emerged as suitable support platforms to anchor single-atom catalysts (SACs) and dual-atom catalysts (DACs), owing to their high porosity, pre-design capability, and tunable structures. In this review, we first classified the types of SA/DA sites in COFs based on the numbers and coordination structures of catalytic centers. Microenvironment engineering mainly involving metal center-ligands in the first coordination shell, the symmetry of coordinating atoms, local electronic structure modulation and the site distance effect was unravelled for COF based single/dual-atom active sites. Then, we systematically summarized the design principles, synthetic strategies and advanced characterization techniques of state-of-the-art COF-based SACs/DACs. Furthermore, COF-based SACs/DACs for applications in energy conversion (electrocatalysis and photocatalysis) and storage (lithium, sodium and potassium-ion batteries) were comprehensively highlighted and discussed in-depth, focusing on revealing the relationship of structure–performance. Finally, the future challenges and prospective insights into COF-based-SACs/DACs were delineated.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8482-8528"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}