Direct visualization and mechanistic insights into initial lithium plating in anode-free lithium metal batteries

IF 30.8 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Jin Su and Chun Huang
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Abstract

Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFBs), which use bare Cu current collectors, represent a promising energy storage technology that offers higher energy density than conventional lithium-ion batteries. Without a lithium metal anode, AFBs are easier to assemble and more cost-effective. However, they suffer from rapid capacity loss and short cycle life limiting their practical applications. A major challenge in their development lies in achieving an understanding of the cycling protocols and mechanisms needed to control the morphology and microstructure of the initial lithium anode growth on the Cu current collector (Cu-CC). In this study, we observed a significant pressure difference between the annular edge and center regions of the Cu-CC in coin cell type AFBs, which dramatically influenced the microstructural morphology of the initial lithium metal growth process. We demonstrated that lithium metal plated in the high-pressure annular edge region forms large, dense grains with a void-free internal structure and a smooth, flat surface, whereas in the low-pressure center region, lithium metal plating consists of small, loose, and tortuous grains with abundant voids and a rough surface. The pressure difference does not affect the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition in these regions. This study provides a unified view on initial lithium metal plating on the bare Cu current collector in AFBs for achieving a uniform and dense lithium metal microstructure.

Abstract Image

无阳极锂金属电池初始镀锂的直接可视化和机理研究
无阳极锂金属电池(AFBs)使用裸铜集流器,代表了一种有前途的能量存储技术,它比传统锂离子电池提供更高的能量密度。没有锂金属阳极,afb更容易组装,更具成本效益。然而,它们的容量损失快,循环寿命短,限制了它们的实际应用。他们发展的一个主要挑战在于了解循环协议和机制,以控制Cu电流收集器(Cu- cc)上初始锂阳极生长的形态和微观结构。在本研究中,我们观察到硬币型afb中Cu-CC的环形边缘和中心区域之间存在显著的压力差,这极大地影响了初始锂金属生长过程的微观结构形态。结果表明,在高压环形边缘区镀锂金属形成了大而致密的晶粒,内部结构无空洞,表面光滑平坦;而在低压中心区镀锂金属形成了小而松散的扭曲晶粒,孔隙丰富,表面粗糙。压差对这些区域的固体电解质界面相(SEI)组成没有影响。本研究为实现均匀致密的锂金属微观结构提供了一个统一的认识。
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来源期刊
Energy & Environmental Science
Energy & Environmental Science 化学-工程:化工
CiteScore
50.50
自引率
2.20%
发文量
349
审稿时长
2.2 months
期刊介绍: Energy & Environmental Science, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, publishes original research and review articles covering interdisciplinary topics in the (bio)chemical and (bio)physical sciences, as well as chemical engineering disciplines. Published monthly by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), a not-for-profit publisher, Energy & Environmental Science is recognized as a leading journal. It boasts an impressive impact factor of 8.500 as of 2009, ranking 8th among 140 journals in the category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary," second among 71 journals in "Energy & Fuels," second among 128 journals in "Engineering, Chemical," and first among 181 scientific journals in "Environmental Sciences." Energy & Environmental Science publishes various types of articles, including Research Papers (original scientific work), Review Articles, Perspectives, and Minireviews (feature review-type articles of broad interest), Communications (original scientific work of an urgent nature), Opinions (personal, often speculative viewpoints or hypotheses on current topics), and Analysis Articles (in-depth examination of energy-related issues).
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