环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Proteomic and metabolic responses in zebrafish embryos exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles and perfluorooctane sulfonate","authors":"Jixiang Gong, Xuri Wu, Xin He, Feng Tan","doi":"10.1039/d5en00231a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00231a","url":null,"abstract":"The coexistence of nanoplastics and organic pollutants in aquatic environments is common and leads to combined effects on organisms. This study investigated the biological effects of zebrafish embryos subjected to individual and combined treatments of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by analyzing morphological changes, as well as proteomic and metabolic responses. Exposure to 200 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> PSNPs and/or 100 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> PFOS at 48 hour post-fertilization (hpf) for six days resulted in increased deformities in zebrafish embryos, including spinal deformities, pericardial edema, and other abnormalities. As the exposure time increased, the combined exposure group demonstrated additive/synergistic embryolethal effects. Proteomic analysis revealed changes in protein expression levels, with 439, 421, and 692 proteins showing altered expression in the PSNPs, PFOS, and co-exposure groups, respectively. These proteins are primarily associated with protein synthesis and transport, energy metabolism, and cardiac muscle contraction. Specifically, in the combined exposure group, certain key proteins related to cardiac muscle contraction, such as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) and tropomyosin (TPM), showed increased expression, possibly as an adaptive response to pericardial edema. Metabolic analysis revealed that differential metabolites caused by the exposures were mainly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleotides, indicating extensive metabolic disruption in the embryo. This study offers insights at the protein and metabolite levels into the biological effects of individual and combined exposures to PSNPs and PFOS, providing evidence of the ecological risks associated with environmental exposure to PFOS and PSNPs.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale zero-valent iron increases rice grain quality and suppresses polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation","authors":"Yunbu Dai, Hui Jin, Ting Wu, Xinyi Liao, Tianying Zheng, Jianying Zhang, Jie Hou, Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1039/d4en01108b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01108b","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) have shown significant potential for sustainable agriculture; however, previous evidence primarily focused on iron-mediated soil remediation through rhizosphere interactions, while the influence of FeNPs on the physio-biochemical processes of aboveground crops and their contribution to pollutant control remain unclear. This study compared the beneficial effects of commonly applied iron oxide NPs and nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on soil and rice under 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28) contamination, with an emphasis on the biological responses of aboveground crop parts. The results identified 100 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> nZVI with a particle size of approximately 100 nm (nZVI<small>₁₀₀</small>) as the optimal amendment, enhancing PCB28 removal in soil by 16.4% while increasing the grain yield by 52.9%. Histological analysis revealed that 100 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> nZVI<small>₁₀₀</small> treatment increased the lipid layer of rice stems by 58.5%, which promoted the enrichment of PCB28 in the stem and reduced its accumulation in the whole aboveground part, and the stem-to-leaf translocation factor decreased from 2.16 in the control group to 0.57, inhibiting PCB28 upward migration. Additionally, nZVI<small>₁₀₀</small> improved grain quality by reducing tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and increasing proline content, which enhanced storage properties. The change of metabolites including increased grain vitamins and aromatic compounds along with improved softness (as reflected by gel consistency) could enhance the flavor and nutritional value of grains, and was expected to increase the economic value of agricultural products. These findings demonstrate that nZVI effectively mitigates PCB28 accumulation and toxicity, while simultaneously enhancing rice quality, highlighting its potential for advancing high-quality agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144521060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of nanodiamonds and carbon dots in aqueous environment: insights into aggregation behavior and additive influence","authors":"Zeljka Fiket, Maja Dutour Sikirić, Darija Gal, Marija Petrović, Vida Strasser, Veronika Kovač, Sanja Frka, Neda Vdovic, Binoy K. Saikia","doi":"10.1039/d5en00264h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00264h","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the stability of carbon-based nanoparticles, specifically carbon dots (CD) and nanodiamonds (NDs), in model systems designed to mimic a natural water environment. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements were performed to evaluate particle size distribution, surface charge and their stability both as standalone nanoparticles and in the presence of additives such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), fulvic acid (FA) and natural organic matter (NOM). The results showed significant differences in stability between CD and NDs, with CD showing a tendency to aggregate, while NDs exhibited higher stability under different conditions. The addition of BSA, FA and NOM significantly affected the zeta potential, although the ND suspensions remained stable under acidic conditions. Conversely, DSS had minimal effects on the zeta potential, resulting in stabilization effect in Mili-Q water. In NaCl suspensions, addition of additives resulted in aggregation, with the exception of NOM, which improved the stability of ND under alkaline conditions. These results improve our understanding of the environmental behaviour of carbon-based nanoparticles and highlight the role of environmental factors and additives in their stability. This knowledge is crucial not only for evaluating their behaviour and potential impact on the aquatic environment but also for developing novel technologies that exploit their unique properties for sustainable and innovative applications.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term micro/nanoplastic ingestion promotes sepsis by worsening kidney damage: a transcriptomics and metabolomics study","authors":"Yutao Zha, Yao Cheng, Sijie Yu, Yuanfang Cheng, Jinsong Wang, Xiaojie Han, Yayun Wu, Heng Wang, Nian Liu, Ming Fang, Min Shao","doi":"10.1039/d4en01206b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01206b","url":null,"abstract":"The harmful effects of micro/nanoplastics (MNPLs) to human health have garnered widespread attention, yet their impact on sepsis remains unclear. In this study, mice were fed with MNPLs of three different particle sizes for 10 weeks. A sepsis mouse model was then established using the caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and the effects and potential mechanisms of long-term MNPL ingestion on septic mice were analysed using multi-omics techniques. The results showed that MNPL particles with a diameter of 0.1 microns exacerbated kidney damage in mice, leading to an increased mortality rate in septic mice. Multi-omics analysis revealed disruptions in amino acid metabolism pathways, particularly the arginine and proline metabolism pathways, in the kidneys of septic mice exposed to MNPLs. It was confirmed that Arg2 expression was significantly elevated in the septic animal models. A cell model was used to validate this finding, showing that Arg2 gene expression in HK2 cells exposed to MNPLs under septic conditions was also increased. After lentivirus-mediated knockdown of the Arg2 gene, the levels of SOD, GSH, and MDA in HK2 cells exposed to MNPLs during sepsis showed no significant differences compared to non-septic HK2 cells, suggesting an improved ability to resist oxidative stress. Based on these findings, we conclude that smaller-sized MNPLs pose a greater threat to septic mice by exacerbating kidney damage, thereby making difficult the prognosis of sepsis. This study demonstrated that the development of sepsis in mice with long-term MNPL intake was attributed to the abnormal expression of Arg-2 in renal tissue, potentially leading to exacerbating sepsis-induced kidney injury. However, further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Biolipid (Rhamnolipid) Effects on the Aggregation Behavior of Engineered Nanoparticles","authors":"Anushree Ghosh, Neha Sharma, Junseok Lee, Wenlu Li, Ji-Won Son, Changwoo Kim, Natalie Capiro, Kurt Pennell, Kimberly Parker, John Fortner","doi":"10.1039/d5en00376h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00376h","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting nanoscale material stability in aqueous systems is essential to accurately model particle fate and transport in the environment. Such stability is not only a function of particle surface chemistry and ionic strength and type, but can also be strongly affected by common aqueous constituents including natural organic matter (NOM), proteins, and lipids, among other macromolecules. Of these, biological surfactants, when present, have been hypothesized to play a significant, interfacial role with regard to nanoparticle stability, mobility and thus ultimate fate. Specifically, the role(s) of rhamnolipid(s), which are some of the most common naturally occurring biosurfactants, remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, aggregation dynamics of 8 nm monodispersed iron oxide (nano)particles (IONPs) with cationic and anionic surface chemistries were evaluated in presence of monorhamnolipid (monoRL) and dirhamnolipid (diRL), two amphiphilic glycolipids excreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among other bacteria. Results demonstrate that IONP surface charge, RL type (i.e. mono- vs. dirhamnolipid), and concentration govern particle stability. Further, water chemistry (considering monovalent and divalent ions) plays a key role in these processes and outcomes. RLs at higher concentrations (above CMCmonoRL = 20.9, CMCdiRL = 10.1 mg of OC/L) adsorbed strongly on anionic IONPs. For these, the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of anionic IONPs increased from 700 mM to 1500 mM in the presence of DiRL. RLs also strongly sorbs on IONP with a positive surface charge (at concentrations &lt; CMC). Positively charged IONPs aggregated at intermediate concentrations (~CMC) of monoRL and diRL, and then effectively re-stabilized at higher concentrations (1.5 – 2 CMC) due to (NP) surface RL bilayer formation. For RL coated IONPs, three distinct aggregation regimes were identified as a function of electrolyte concentration (1-2000 mM), for which positively charged IONPs do not follow typical DLVO-based particle interaction theory.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating nano-Cu interactions in grapevine leaves: formulation-dependent foliar affinity, uptake, and leaf persistence over time†","authors":"Diana Salvador, Matheus Miranda, Sandra Rodrigues, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Cátia Fidalgo, Artur Alves, Mickael Wagner, Camille Larue, Sónia M. Rodrigues and Astrid Avellan","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00322A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00322A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Copper from agrochemicals contaminates agroecosystems partly because of its low affinity to leaves. Copper-based nanoformulations (nano-Cu) have been proposed to limit Cu foliar wash-off and topsoil contamination. However, the fate of nano-Cu at the grapevine leaf interface remains underlooked. Can Cu from nano-Cu be taken up and translocate to other plant tissues? Are nanoforms persistent in/on leaves? This study examined the fate of Cu applied as CuSO<small>₄</small>, CuO-NPs bare, or encapsulated into chitosan-protein capsules (ChiBSACuO-NPs). Cu leaf retention, uptake, translocation, and speciation were analyzed after 7 and 25 days using ICP-MS, μ-XRF, and μ-XANES. Leaf adhesion increased for nano-Cu in comparison to CuSO<small>₄</small>. ChiBSACuO-NPs showed the highest leaf affinity despite their micro-size, likely due to electrostatic affinities in slightly acidic leaf surface microenvironments. Nano-Cu persisted on exposed leaf surfaces for 25 days. It did not lead to leaf lesions, unlike CuSO<small>₄</small>, which induced tissue necrosis and the association of Cu with thiol groups in the leaf vasculature. For all treatments, Cu accumulated at the leaf surface or in the first cell layer (mainly associated with epidermis cells), with limited Cu uptake and low Cu translocation to the petiole. Furthermore, Cu translocation to non-exposed tissues was not detected, and the (limited) nano-Cu that was taken up appeared to undergo rapid reduction upon leaf entry. The decreased Cu toxicity to grapevines of nano-Cu indicates that Cu<small>²⁺</small> release would have to be triggered in the presence of a pathogen to provide antifungal activity. This study suggests that nano-Cu could allow for the targeting of specific leaf surface tissues, thus providing sustained antifungal efficacy with improved biocompatibility compared to CuSO<small>₄</small> and offering advantages in safer plant protection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3553-3564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-competitor directed defect engineering in UiO-66: achieving hierarchical porosity and unsaturated sites for high-efficiency fluoroquinolone remediation","authors":"Jiawei Kang, Fan Qiu, Junjie Chen, Yaming Wang, Yang Fan, Ying Shen, Luqi Guo, Shupeng Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00418g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00418g","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating prevalence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as levofloxacin (LVX), in aquatic environments necessitates advanced adsorbents for efficient remediation. Herein, we report a defect-engineered zirconium-based metal–organic framework (UiO-66) synergistically modified <em>via</em> a mixed-competitor strategy involving heterometallic doping (Zn<small>²⁺</small>) and ligand/solvent modulation (acetic acid/H<small>₂</small>O) to enhance LVX adsorption. The introduction of competitive species induced hierarchical porosity (meso/microporous) and unsaturated Zr/Zn sites, achieving a 4.5-fold increase in surface area (1132 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>) compared to pristine UiO-66. Adsorption experiments demonstrated exceptional LVX uptake (63.51 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>), governed by coordination, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and π–π interactions. Kinetic and isotherm analyses revealed chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption, while pH studies highlighted electrostatic and defect-mediated synergies. On this basis, the great potential of the multi-competing species mediated defect engineering strategy is further demonstrated by adjusting the temperature to afford an even higher adsorption capacity (87.37 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>), and the potential of the modified material in practical application is also analysed. This work establishes a novel paradigm for engineering MOF defects through multi-competitor interactions, offering a sustainable solution for antibiotic removal.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly zeolite/PMMA thin films for efficient phthalate removal from natural waters: a computational and experimental study†","authors":"Milinko Perić, Andrijana Bilić, Brankica Kartalović, Boris Brkić, Maja Šćepanović, Mirjana Grujić-Brojčin, Branislava Srđenović-Čonić, Nebojša Kladar, Stevan Armaković, Maria M. Savanović and Sanja J. Armaković","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00455A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00455A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phthalates (PTs), originating primarily from plastic pollution, are significant environmental and health hazards due to their persistent presence in natural waters. This study investigates the removal of phthalates from natural waters using eco-friendly natural zeolite/poly(methyl methacrylate) (NZT/PMMA) thin films. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to detect phthalates in ten water samples from the Republic of Serbia, revealing the presence of phthalate contamination. Adsorption experiments using NZT/PMMA films demonstrated exceptional efficiency, achieving 94–100% removal of dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and diisobutyl phthalate within 120 min. Material characterization <em>via</em> high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis confirmed the synergistic adsorption capabilities of NZT and PMMA. Computational studies using density functional theory provided mechanistic insights, correlating molecular electrostatic potential and surface area with adsorption efficiency. The water matrix (ionic strength and humic acid) did not hinder the adsorption of PTs on NZT/PMMA films. The application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided insight into the potential adsorption mechanism of PTs on NZT/PMMA films. The anti/prooxidant activity of the materials highlights their dual potential for pollutant removal and oxidative degradation. These findings position NZT/PMMA thin films as a promising eco-friendly solution for mitigating PTs pollution, addressing an urgent global environmental challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3761-3771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to just conservation: A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis of environmental defender mobilization in conservation conflicts","authors":"Raphael Anammasiya Ayambire ,&nbsp;Jeremy Pittman ,&nbsp;Gideon Abagna Azunre ,&nbsp;Cynthia Itbo Musah ,&nbsp;Romeo Agominab ,&nbsp;Abdul-Salam Jahanfo Abdulai ,&nbsp;Owusu Amponsah ,&nbsp;Stephen Appiah Takyi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation policies intended to address biodiversity loss and climate change are increasingly linked to land dispossession, human rights violations, and the criminalization of environmental defenders. While prior research has highlighted the risks defenders face, less is known about the strategies and conditions that enable them to succeed. This study uses crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) of 25 conservation conflict cases from the Environmental Justice Atlas to identify the pathways through which defenders effectively resist unjust conservation practices. We identify four causal pathways to successful mobilization: two epistemic strategies, where defenders use alternative knowledge mobilization to either strengthen legal claims or build broad coalitions; one preventive strategy focused on early mobilization; and a comprehensive strategy drawing on nearly all conditions, except direct action. Across all pathways, alternative knowledge mobilization, such as defender-led health studies and ecological assessments, plays a central role in successful mobilization, while direct action tactics were notably absent in all successful pathways. These findings challenge assumptions about confrontation as a necessary ingredient for effective resistance and advance new insights into how knowledge politics shape just outcomes in conservation conflicts. As the global conservation community intensifies efforts to safeguard biodiversity and uphold the rights of affected communities, centering the strategies and experiences of environmental defenders is essential to ensuring equitable and effective conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-deployable measurement of soil extracellular enzyme activity using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy†","authors":"Hanwei Wang, Lahiru Gamage, Jianwei Li and Haoran Wei","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00382B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00382B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Soil is essential for maintaining ecological function, productivity, and environmental balance, thereby supporting human society. As an important indicator of soil health, extracellular enzyme activities provide valuable insights into the biological transformation of soil organic matter. However, conventional colorimetric methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and impractical for large-scale or field-based monitoring. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to monitor the oxidation kinetics of <small>L</small>-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (<small>L</small>-DOPA), catalyzed by two representative enzymes: horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). By coupling SERS detection with partial least squares (PLS) modeling, we established quantitative correlations between Raman spectral data and enzyme concentration (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.983 for HRP; <em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.865 for PPO). This model was further applied to 117 soil samples collected from diverse ecosystems in Nashville, TN, to correlate SERS spectra with enzyme activity measured by standard laboratory assays. Despite the inherent heterogeneity of field soil samples, SERS-based predictions of enzyme activity showed strong agreement with conventional measurements (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.753). All SERS measurements were performed using a handheld Raman spectrometer, underscoring the potential for rapid, <em>in situ</em> deployment. This study introduces a scalable, cost-effective paradigm for real-time monitoring of soil enzyme activity, providing a foundation for advanced environmental sensing and enabling data-driven assessments of soil biogeochemical processes in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3468-3475"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}