环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Freshwater Contamination in Two Subtropical Austral River Systems of Zimbabwe","authors":"Masimini S. Nkosi,&nbsp;Gideon Idowu,&nbsp;Takudzwa C. Madzivanzira,&nbsp;Fannie Masina,&nbsp;Farai Dondofema,&nbsp;Nokuthula Khanyile,&nbsp;Linton F. Munyai,&nbsp;Tatenda Dalu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08450-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08450-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanisation, agriculture, and industrial discharges intensify contamination risks, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and endocrine–disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the Marimba and Mukuvisi rivers (Harare, Zimbabwe). The MPs for the two rivers had a mean of 413.8 ± 115 particles/L and 612.4 ± 485.7 particles/L, respectively. Five shapes (i.e., fibres, fragments, foam, film and beads) were found in this study; fibres and fragments were the most dominant types. Transparent (18.1–37.0%), black (17.4– 21.4%) and blue (9.9–22.2%) were the most observed MPs colour type. Alkylphenols (APs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs) in water and sediments were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The sum of PAEs, APs and PBDEs in the water were 20.7 ± 11.6 mg/L, 2.56 ± 2.24 mg/L, and 0.32 ± 0.28 mg/L for Marimba River, respectively, and 6.6 ± 3.7 mg/L, 3.73 ± 2.01 mg/L, and 0.75 ± 0.46 mg/L for the Mukuvisi River, respectively. For sediments, the APs, PAEs and PBDEs were 16.99 ± 19.28 mg/kg, 15.3 ± 9.4 mg/kg, and 0.46 ± 0.23 mg/kg for the Marimba River, respectively, and 21.25 ± 24.14 mg/kg, 15.01 ± 5.76 mg/kg, and 0.57 ± 0.70 mg/kg for the Mukuvisi River, respectively. Notably, from this study, high concentrations were observed for Bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which contributed 86–96% and 63–96% to the sum of APs and PAEs, respectively. The three classes of EDCs (i.e., APs, PAEs, PBDEs) observed in the study are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, and they can disrupt the endocrine system. Thus, without urgent mitigation measures, water quality degradation will threaten ecosystems and human health. The study highlights significant emerging freshwater contamination in Zimbabwe’s river systems, driven by agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and urbanisation pressures (i.e., raw sewage spillages and discharges). Sustainable practices, stricter regulations, and community engagement are essential to safeguard these vital water resources for future generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental and morphological diversity of individual magnetic particles from urban surfaces: implications for adverse health outcomes","authors":"Xiangxing Long, Jonas Wielinski, Zhe Zhao, Pierre Herckes, Manuel A. Roldan, Gregory V. Lowry and Paul Westerhoff","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Urban magnetic dust particles (MDPs) are heterogeneous materials containing elemental iron (Fe<small>⁰</small>), magnetite (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) and trace elements, which potentially pose health risks upon inhalation. The composition of nanoscale MDPs, which have risks of passing the blood brain barrier, has only recently been the subject of quantitative characterization at single-particle level. This study investigates the heterogeneity of hundreds to thousands of MDPs collected from urban parking garages at the individual particle level using both single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOFMS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (STEM-EDX). spICP-TOFMS analysis reveals that only ∼8.6% of MDPs contain Fe, while STEM-EDX shows Fe in over 99% of particles. The discrepancy is attributed to “Fe-missing particles” enriched with other elements, which, because of their small diameter and low MS response, fall below the spICP-TOFMS detection limit. In contrast, EDX identifies fewer trace-level metals, due to its higher detection limit for metals (0.1%) than TOFMS. Operationally, spICP-TOFMS exhibits higher throughput of particles, while STEM-EDX requires more labor and time-intensive procedures. Three key differences between these methods significantly influence the identification and significance of heterogeneous MDPs: (1) oxygen impacts iron oxidation state interpretation and is detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bulk MDPs or single particle using EDX but not by spICP-TOFMS; (2) spICP-TOFMS exhibits varying detection limits for iron <em>versus</em> potentially catalytic elements (<em>e.g.</em>, Cu, Pt, <em>etc.</em>); and (3) spICP-TOFMS has higher particle surveying efficiency compared to EDX. Using both methods reveals complementary insights into the size, shape, composition and potential redox state of MDPs that impact pollution, and potentially respirable particles that lead to adverse human health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4339-4349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestion and insecticidal effects of cetylpyridinium chloride functionalized carbon nanotubes on Spodoptera litura: oxidative stress, metabolic disruptions, and reproductive toxicity","authors":"Mohd Jameel, Fouzia Mashkoor, Mohd Amir, Mohd Shoeb and Changyoon Jeong","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the insecticidal potential of cetylpyridinium chloride-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CPC-CNTs) against <em>Spodoptera litura</em> larvae, with a focus on oxidative stress induction, antioxidant enzyme dynamics, and reproductive toxicity. Structural analyses confirmed successful CPC functionalization of carbon nanotubes, enhancing their dispersion and biological interaction. Upon exposure, CPC-CNTs elicited dose-dependent oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated lipid peroxidation levels (malondialdehyde reaching 6.74 ± 0.21 nmol mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein) and transient increases in antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) peaked at 48 hours (3.58 ± 0.19 and 5.14 ± 0.17 U mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein, respectively), while glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase (GST) also showed an initial rise followed by significant declines in all enzymes at higher concentrations and longer exposure durations, indicating compromised antioxidant defenses. Biologically, treated larvae exhibited marked feeding inhibition, developmental delays, and paralysis. Reproductive performance was significantly impaired, with fecundity decreasing by 23.7%, egg hatchability dropping from 97.3% to 76.8%, and adult emergence reduced by 35.7%. Larval mortality increased dose-dependently, reaching 42.2% at 0.6% CPC-CNTs, and malformation incidence was recorded at 23.34% in the highest treatment group. These findings reveal that CPC-CNTs exert multifaceted toxic effects on <em>S. litura</em> and demonstrate their promise as a nano-enabled insecticidal agent. However, further ecotoxicological assessments are essential to ensure their safe application within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4360-4376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic validation and integration analysis of iron nanomaterials in alleviating plant stress: a data-driven approach","authors":"Ting Wu, Yilin Zhao, Xiaohan Du, Yizhou Feng, Weihuang Zhu, Jie Hou and Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00496A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00496A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Environmental adverse stressors easily induce the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, thereby compressing their photosynthetic capacity and development. Iron nanomaterial (Fe NM) regulation of reactive oxygen species is an efficient strategy for nanoenabled sustainable agriculture. Through meta-data analysis, machine learning, and model construction, we systematically established a unified framework among oxidative stress, defense, photosynthesis, and growth relations for Fe NM enhancement of plant stress tolerance. It indicated that exposure types, contents, sizes, duration, and reaction medium of Fe NMs are the main factors for mitigating both photosynthetic damage and growth inhibition in plants. The potential regulatory processes of Fe NMs for alleviating plant stress in photosynthetic systems can be categorized as either a significant nano-effect that activates antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic metabolites, or an accompanying ion effect for iron homeostasis. Additionally, we discussed the current research gaps concerning Fe NMs applied for promoting plant tolerance. This review discusses how Fe NMs reconstruct the balance of oxidative stress and defense and further promote plant photosynthesis and growth, which can provide reliable guidance for future research on plants under environmental stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4181-4196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline soil disintegration and organic nanocolloidal-dissolved U release under IPCC-based elevated CO2 conditions with global environmental risk implication","authors":"Ziyan Wang, Caiqin Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Daoyong Zhang and Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00441A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00441A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alkaline soils sustain billions of people worldwide. These soils serve as vast uranium (U) reservoirs containing ppm levels of U. Elevated global CO<small>₂</small> (eCO<small>₂</small>) levels may lead to the massive release of U from alkaline soils, posing a great environmental risk. However, the mechanistic responses of U release in alkaline soils to eCO<small>₂</small> are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated structural stability, U mobility, and phase partitioning in two alkaline soils under IPCC scenario-based eCO<small>₂</small> conditions using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental mapping, in conjunction with U speciation analysis. Exposure to eCO<small>₂</small> resulted in substantial U release from both soils, dominantly in the dissolved phase (51.07–78.10%) and nanocolloidal phase (10.24–45.85%). Within nanocolloids, U was predominantly enriched in organic phases derived from disaggregated calcareous mineral–organic complexes. pH drop and DIC rise induced by eCO<small>₂</small> are crucial for U release. Reduced pH caused dissolution of cementing calcareous minerals and breakdown of mineral–OM complexes and, thus, the release of colloids, DOM and their associated U. Enhanced DIC under eCO<small>₂</small> resulted in an increase in UO<small>₂</small>(CO<small>₃</small>)<small>₃</small><small>⁴⁻</small> but a decrease in UO<small>₂</small>(CO<small>₃</small>)<small>₂</small><small>²⁻</small>, which promoted the release of dissolved U. These novel findings are helpful for gaining deep insights into U behavior and risk in soils in the context of future climate change and imply that future global climate change may drastically weaken soil health and amplify environmental risks of U, which is a global environmental and health concern that needs enough attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4408-4419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cajanus cajan pods assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and assessment of their cytotoxicity.","authors":"Shriniwas P Patil, Rajesh Y Chaudhari, Mahesh S Nemade","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is receiving considerable attention due to their wide range of applications in various domains. The green approach to synthesizing Ag NPs is cost-effective and ecologically safe, as it does not involve any sophisticated instruments or hazardous chemicals. Cajanus cajan (CC, Pigeon pea) is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. So far, only pigeon pea leaves and seeds have been used in the synthesis of NPs. After the removal of edible seeds, pods are fed to cattle as fodder. The pods contain different flavonoids, iridoids, and other miscellaneous compounds. The present research focuses on the use of C. cajan pods in the fabrication of Ag NPs and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity against normal and breast cancer cells. On characterization, Ag NPs were found to be oval in shape, crystalline in nature, and capped with phytochemicals present in CC. The results of the MTT assay revealed that Ag NPs are cytotoxic to breast cancer cells. It can be concluded that phytochemicals present in C. cajan pods reduced the precursor into Ag NPs, which were significantly biologically active.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of green lacewings indicate the diversity of Mesypochrysa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China.","authors":"Yong-Fei Wang, Chao-Fan Shi, Dong Ren, Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three new species of Mesypochrysa Martynov, 1927: Mesypochrysa paucinervis sp. nov., Mesypochrysa angusta sp. nov. and Mesypochrysa paradoxica sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The three species are assigned to Mesypochrysa based on the following characters: costal crossveins simple; two gradate series of crossveins present; MA and MP distally bifurcated; CuA with three to five pectinate branches; CuP distally bifurcated. Mesypochrysa paucinervis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Mesypochrysa by nine RP branches and simple A1. Mesypochrysa angusta sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by 16 RP branches and five CuA branches. Mesypochrysa paradoxica sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the distal position of 2m-cu. In addition, the position of 2m-cu in forewings of Limaiinae and distinguish characters of Mesypochrysa are discussed. The discovery of new fossil species enriches the species diversity of this taxon in the Jurassic, while also providing new evidence for the early evolution of chrysopids.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threat beneath the surface: impact of micro(nano)plastics on aquatic microorganisms†","authors":"Yongxin Shang, Yong Yue, Peng Jiang, Xianghong Dong, Lei Gan, Haibo Jiang, Miao An, Jian Shao and Zhenlu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00360A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00360A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on eukaryotic microorganisms within microbial flocs remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of MPs (8 μm) and NPs (80 nm) on aquaculture-related microbial communities over a 4 week exposure period. Microbial floc samples were analyzed on days 7 and 28 post-exposure using 18S rRNA sequencing and functional prediction tools. Key findings revealed that NPs and MPs induced distinct temporal shifts in microbial diversity and community structure. On day 7, both NPs and MPs significantly increased microbial abundance, with MPs showing higher Simpson's diversity than NPs. By day 28, MPs caused a marked decline in community richness and altered dominant taxa, while NPs maintained higher diversity. Functional analysis highlighted elevated roles of microorganisms in plastic degradation and ATPase-related growth pathways in MP-exposed groups during the early stages. Notably, MNPs reduced the relative abundance of potential animal pathogens in early-stage flocs, with NPs exerting stronger stress on microbial assembly than MPs. Furthermore, NPs preferentially influenced biofilm-forming taxa, whereas MPs promoted shifts toward parasitic fungi. These findings underscore that MNPs disrupt microbial floc ecosystems primarily during initial colonization, with long-term stability restored through community self-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4327-4338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing ivory origin: a novel ATR-FTIR spectroscopic and chemometric approach to distinguish Asian and African variants.","authors":"Chandra Prakash Sharma, Dimple Bhatia, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02005-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02005-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In wildlife seizure proceedings, it is essential to accurately identify and differentiate between seized Asian and African elephant ivory and their carved products. This differentiation is necessary for effectively tracking the ivory trade, which will assist in combating illegal ivory trafficking. However, distinguishing similar types of samples from closely related species poses a challenging task, as they share similar chemical compositions. Therefore, the present study aimed to differentiate Asian and African elephant ivory samples, collected from ten individuals of each species. To achieve this objective, a rapid and cost-effective ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was employed. The spectra of the ivory samples were visually compared and subsequently subjected to chemometric analysis. The PCA model differentiated Asian and African elephant ivory samples into two distinct clusters, achieving an accuracy of 95%. Furthermore, the PLS-DA model successfully classified the ivory samples into two distinct categories with 100% accuracy. To validate the performance of the developed PLS-DA model, both cross-validation and external validation were conducted, yielding a classification accuracy of 100%. A blind test was also conducted to assess the prediction accuracy of the PLS-DA model, which also achieved 100% prediction accuracy. Additionally, the PLS-DA model effectively differentiated ivory from bone samples. The findings of this study highlighted the effectiveness of employing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA tool to differentiate ivory samples sourced from Asian and African elephants. The present approach is effective even for the samples that have lost their morphological characteristics or consist of powdered ivory traces recovered from crime scenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on PGPR Bacillus megaterium in the presence of melatonin","authors":"Gyan Datta Tripathi, Zoya Javed and Kavya Dashora","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00300H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00300H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The application and accumulation of CuO NPs in the soil may adversely affect the soil microbial community and limit its functional properties. Thus, researchers have tried to mitigate the toxicity of CuO NPs by investigating their underlying mechanisms. However, a detailed mechanism has not been adequately reported to date. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contact-mode toxicity are possible reasons for the toxicity of CuO NPs. Herein, we propose the use of melatonin as a mitigating agent for CuO-mediated toxicity due to its ROS neutralization potential. The present study showed that melatonin can reduce the toxicity of CuO NPs on isolated PGPR <em>B. megaterium</em>. Disc diffusion results demonstrated a decrease in the zone of clearance after adding melatonin at a particular concentration, which was significantly observed with CuO NPs (0.1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small> and 1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>). Changes in the morphology and the cell envelope during the mid-log phase were observed <em>via</em> TEM analysis. Furthermore, the application of melatonin in the IAA production medium inhibited the reduction in IAA production, which was observed earlier due to the presence of CuO NPs in the medium. Additionally, the DCFH staining and live-dead analysis confirmed the potential of melatonin in reducing the toxicity of CuO NPs at specific concentrations (20 and 50 μM).</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4314-4326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}