环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Liquid Ion Chromatographic Determination of Soluble Ions in Water: Comparison of Greenness and Comprehensive Assessment of Irrigation Suitability","authors":"Olha Biedunkova,&nbsp;Pavlo Kuznietsov","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07975-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07975-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The monitoring of ions in natural water provides valuable insights into environmental processes and impacts. Liquid ion chromatography (LIC) is a widely utilised method for the analysis of ionic species in water, facilitating the identification of pollution and environmental assessment. Despite its accuracy and reliability, LIC methods are not widely adopted, with outdated methods such as flame photometry and titrimetry still being prevalent. In this study, we employed LIC to assess the concentrations of cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) in the surface water of the Styr river, Ukraine. The LIC measurements were conducted using Dionex ICS- 1500 and ICS- 2000 devices, with anion and cation exchange columns and appropriate eluents. Samples were collected on a weekly basis throughout 2023, subsequently stored and handled in accordance with standardised protocols. The analysis of the data was conducted using Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA), with the objective of identifying underlying relationships between parameters. The greenness of the LIC method was then compared with that of traditional methods using the AGREE software metric. The ion concentrations present in the Styr river exhibited a specific order of abundance: Ca²⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; Na⁺ &gt; K⁺ for cations and SO₄²⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ for anions. Pearson's correlation and PCA identified five principal components representing different aspects of the water's ionic composition. The greenness assessment using AGREE indicated that the LIC method is more sustainable compared to traditional methods. The comprehensive evaluation of irrigation suitability, based on various indices, confirmed that the water of the Styr river is suitable for irrigation. The adoption of LIC, coupled with green analytical practices, can significantly enhance water quality assessment, promoting sustainable environmental management.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Penicillium expansum reduce Lead (II) and Chromium (VI) Concentrations and other Physicochemical Parameters in Tannery Wastewater","authors":"Olufemi Adewale Adeniran,&nbsp;Aliyu Salihu,&nbsp;Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau,&nbsp;Sani Ibrahim,&nbsp;Muhammed Tijani Isa","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07949-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07949-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a collection of organic molecules from microbial metabolism, secreted outside the cell to counteract effects of harsh environment, a process that has enabled the application of the biopolymer for wastewater treatment. Reduction in concentration of lead II (Pb²⁺) and chromium VI (Cr⁶⁺) together with other physicochemical parameters from tannery wastewater by EPS from <i>Penicillium expansum</i> was studied. The maximum removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ were 23.13% and 17.83% respectively under optimized removal conditions of 180 rpm agitation, 90 mg/L EPS concentration, 5.0 pH at  40 °C using a 2-h residence time. However, this low percentage removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ in the tannery wastewater called for more batches of removal process under optimized conditions. After subjecting the EPS to four batches of removal process, 100% and 89.75% removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ respectively were achieved in less than 8 h. Based on this, FTIR Analyses showed frequency shifts in alkenyl (C = C), hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (C = O) functional groups, and molecular overlapping in the EPS was observed on scanning electron micrograph. Physicochemical parameters in the tannery wastewater were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduced by 50% or more with the exception of pH after the duration of the biosorption process. The findings in this study showed that EPS produced by <i>P. expansum</i> could significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decrease the concentrations of Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺ and other heavy metals as well as other tannery wastewater physicochemical properties that contributed to its polluting effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Methane Concentrations in Pig Barns Using Biophysical Data","authors":"Jayanta Kumar Basak,&nbsp;Bhola Paudel,&nbsp;Nibas Chandra Deb,&nbsp;Dae Yeong Kang,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdus Salam,&nbsp;Sanjay Saha Sonet,&nbsp;Hyeon Tae Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07954-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07954-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prediction of methane (CH₄) concentration is important for pig farming due to its environmental impact on pigs and farm workers. This study examined the utilization of machine learning algorithms, specifically multiple linear regression (MLR), XGBoost regression (XGB), and random forest regression (RFR), to predict CH₄ concentrations in pig barns during the growing-finishing stage of pigs. The dataset included five key input biophysical variables: feed intake (FI), pig mass (MP), carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels, temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH). Data was collected from three experimental pig barns during 2022 and 2023 to train and test the machine learning models. Among the three machine learning models, the RFR consistently outperformed both MLR and XGB in predicting CH₄ concentrations. The results demonstrated better performance by the RFR model in testing (R² &gt; 0.81), with improvements in R² of up to 1.92% and 10.46%, as well as decreases in RMSE of up to 5.74% and 20.51%, compared to the XGB and MLR across the three input datasets. In terms of stability, MLR exhibited the maximum stability, followed by RFR and XGB. Sensitivity analysis found FI to be the most influential input variable for CH₄ concentration prediction, with the impact ranking being FI &gt; MP &gt; CO₂ &gt; T &gt; RH. This study emphasized the potential of machine learning models, particularly RFR, in predicting CH₄ concentrations using relevant input variables. These findings enhance understanding of CH₄ concentration, providing useful insights into pig production and environmental management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics Monitoring in an Extended Aeration Sewage Treatment Plant in Malaysia: Abundance, Characteristics, Removal and Environmental Emission","authors":"Ishmail Sheriff,&nbsp;Nik Azimatolakma Awang,&nbsp;Mohd Suffian Yusoff,&nbsp;Ahmad Faris Ihsan Ismail,&nbsp;Nurasyiqin Khidir Neoh,&nbsp;Ahmad Syahir Zulkipli,&nbsp;Abdul Hakim Bin Salleh","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07866-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07866-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wastewater treatment plants have drawn the attention of scientists as one of the key point sources of microplastics leakage into the environment. This study examined the abundance, characteristics, and removal of microplastics in an extended aeration sewage treatment plant in Penang, Malaysia. During a two-week period, 3 L of influent and 8 L of final treated effluent, were collected from the facility using a stainless-steel bucket. The average microplastic concentration in the influent was 13.75 MPs/L, which decreased to 1.5 MPs/L in the final treated effluent. Despite attaining an average microplastics removal efficiency of 88.67%, the treatment plant still discharges between 2.37 million (2,370,000) and 4.74 million (4,740,000) microplastics per day into a local stream that feeds into the Kerian River. Fibres constitute a significant portion of the microplastic shapes detected in both the influent and effluent, accounting for 52.50% and 58.33%, respectively. The microplastics consisted of polyethylene/ethylene vinylacetate blend (PE/EVA), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CM/CPE), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), and polyacrylamide (PARA). Among these, PE/EVA was the predominant polymer, representing 44.44% in the raw influent and 50% in the final treated effluent.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Labeling, and Applications of Micro- and Nanoplastic Reference and Test Materials","authors":"Guillaume Crosset-Perrotin, Angelique Moraz, Raquel Portela, Victor ALCOLEA Alcolea-Rodriguez, David Burrueco-Subirà, Casey Smith, Miguel Bañares, Hosein Foroutan, D. Howard Fairbrother","doi":"10.1039/d4en00767k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00767k","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges inherent to the extraction of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from the environment, combined with the limited range of commercially available MNPs, have prompted an increasing number of researchers to generate in-house reference and test MNPs. The first part of this review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MNP production methods, including top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of different methods are compared and contrasted, and the potential for optimization and control over MNP properties is discussed. Methods to label and to artificially weather MNPs before, during, or after production, as well as appropriate dispersion protocols for introducing MNPs into different media, are also covered. The second part of this review focuses on how reference and test MNPs have been implemented in different types of studies, categorized as toxicity, uptake, fate, and monitoring. Given the wide range of properties needed to fully define MNPs, we propose a set of essential properties that need to be characterized depending on the study type. Looking forward, we suggest future needs, not only in the creation of reference MNPs, but also in experimental protocols that would help to better understand the behavior and impacts of MNPs. Overall, this review aims to provide the necessary information to guide researchers in decision-making regarding which reference MNPs are most appropriate to answer their specific research questions and to serve as a framework that will contribute to obtaining reliable, benchmarked data urgently needed to develop consensus on the fate and risk posed by MNPs.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Bioreactors in Water Treatment: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Innovations in Microbial Inactivation","authors":"Naghmeh Khodabandeh Lu,&nbsp;Helena Alamdari,&nbsp;Hamid Rashedi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Yazdian,&nbsp;Mehrab Pourmadadi,&nbsp;Abbas Rahdar,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07919-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07919-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As freshwater resources become increasingly scarce, safe drinking water is critical to public health. However, emergent pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms threaten this goal, posing direct and indirect water quality risks. Photocatalysis offers a promising alternative disinfection strategy, overcoming many limitations of conventional methods by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of effectively deactivating microbial contaminants through targeted redox reactions. This review explores the photocatalytic disinfection process, detailing microbial inactivation mechanisms, and provides a comparative analysis of commonly used photocatalysts and their composites. Sources of microbial contamination, including bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, and protozoa, are discussed to contextualize the challenges faced in water treatment. Key operational parameters influencing photocatalytic efficiency and an overview of practical bioreactor types optimized for varied disinfection needs are also addressed. This comprehensive review highlights the advancements and potential of photocatalytic bioreactors in safeguarding water quality and expanding accessible, efficient, and eco-friendly disinfection technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing manganese-based nanoparticles for enhancing environmental stress resilience and productivity of plants","authors":"Pallavi Sharma, Ambuj Bhushan Jha, Rama Shanker Dubey","doi":"10.1039/d5en00292c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00292c","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, coupled with various abiotic and biotic stresses, continues to cause substantial global losses in crop yields, threatening food security. Innovative technologies, such as nanotechnology, have shown promising potential to address these challenges by improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. Manganese (Mn), an essential micronutrient, plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hormone signaling, pathogen defense, structural polymer synthesis, and interactions with plant-associated microbes. As a vital cofactor in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), Mn catalyzes the water-splitting reaction essential for photosynthesis. Nanoscale Mn based nanoparticles (NPs), including Mn, MnO, Mn₂O₃, MnO₂, Mn3O4, MnFe₂O₄, Mn₀.₅Zn₀.₅Fe₂O₄, biochar-modified MnO₂ (BC@MnO₂), and composite nanomaterials like chitosan/silver/Mn₀.₅Zn₀.₅Fe₂O₄ (Cs/Ag/MnMgFe₂O₄), offer superior bioavailability, reactivity, and stress mitigation compared to bulk Mn sources or untreated controls. Studies report up to a 45% increase in growth parameters and a 49% increase in yield with Mn NP application compared to untreated plants under field conditions. Additionally, these NPs modulate signaling, regulate stress-related gene expression, and activate defense mechanisms, thereby supporting overall plant health and productivity. Optimizing Mn based NPs synthesis, functionalization, and application strategies will be crucial for ensuring safety and maximizing efficacy. Although Mn based NPs hold great potential for sustainable agriculture, their widespread adoption demands thorough research and validation to ensure agricultural benefits while maintaining ecological responsibility.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of rice straw nano-biochar by ball milling for efficient adsorption of ammonium nitrogen and reduction of ammonia volatilization: Effects and Mechanisms","authors":"Yidi Sun, Tao Zong, Qi Wu, Xuetao Wang, Huijing Hou, Xiaoping Xin, Jigan Xie, Yuhao Zhou, Jianchang Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00103j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00103j","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nitrogen fertilizers leads to substantial nitrogen losses and subsequent environmental pollution. Biochar (BC) demonstrates considerable potential for enhancing N fixation and reducing emissions, but it frequently induces a liming effect that increases ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Nano-biochar (NBC) is attracting considerable attention due to its higher surface energy. However, little information is available whether it could enhance nitrogen adsorption and reduce NH3 volatilization. Therefore, this study utilized one-step ball milling method to produce NBC, characterized its physicochemical properties, investigated its effects and mechanisms on NH4+-N adsorption and NH3 volatilization. Our results showed that, specific surface area, pore volume and acidic functional groups of NBC were higher than those of bulk BC, while pore diameter, zeta potential and pH were the opposite. Which was more conducive to promoting adsorption, the maximum adsorption amount of NBC for NH4+-N was 6.880 mg/g, approximately 1.9 times that of bulk BC. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, indicating that the adsorption was monolayer and chemical. The primary adsorption mechanisms included physical adsorption, ion exchange, electrostatic and π-π interactions. The addition of 0.30%-30% of bulk BC and NBC reduced NH3 volatilization by 6.40%-31.50% and 5.00%-42.20%, relative to no BC addition, respectively. The main reason for lower NH3 volatilization observed with NBC was its ability to improve soil mineral nitrogen content, mineralization and nitrification rates, and decrease urease activity and pH. Therefore, NBC is a green and efficient adsorbent for reducing nitrogen emissions.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic Pollution Around Reghaïa Lake: Tolerance Assessment of Oxalis Pes-caprae L. as Remediative Plant","authors":"Lamia Benhabyles,&nbsp;Réda Djebbar,&nbsp;Manhattan Lebrun,&nbsp;Sylvain Bourgerie","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07942-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07942-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Reghaïa Nature Reserve (Algeria) comprises a freshwater lake surrounded by natural soils covered by spontaneous vegetation with a habitat for wildlife. It is exposed to 3 mains sources of pollution i.e. an industrial zone, agricultural lands and the urban area. Abnormal high levels of metallic trace elements (MTEs) have been already reported in lake’s water and natural topsoil. In the present study, we explore the tolerance and phytoremediation capacity of <i>Oxalis pes-caprae</i> L., growing spontaneously on Reghaïa lake’s bank, toward Pb, Zn and Cd, the 3 main metal pollutants from anthropogenic activities. Sampling was carried out over 4 months, for <i>Oxalis pes-caprae</i> L. plants and rhizosphere soils, harvested in 3 sites along a gradient of proximity to lake’s water. Firstly, we estimated the degree of contamination of the sampled sites by Pb, Zn and Cd and we determined soils parameters which influence metals distribution in soil and their absorption by <i>O. pes-caprae</i> L. roots. Secondly, we examined the distribution and the accumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd within <i>O. pes-caprae</i> shoots and roots. The results revealed that Pb and Cd were the main soil pollutants and that <i>O. pes-caprae</i> L. adopted different remediation strategies such as an exclusion strategy for Pb in soil and a phytoextraction strategy for Cd.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Reproductive Risk and Toxicity of Triclosan in Urban Freshwater Environments after the COVID- 19 Pandemic","authors":"Ching-Lun Lin,&nbsp;Chi-Wei Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07961-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07961-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal care products due to its effective antibacterial properties. However, the increasing frequency of TCS detection in global surface waters, particularly following the heightened use of disinfectants during the COVID- 19 pandemic, underscored the need for careful environmental risk assessment. In this study, we conducted ecological toxicity assays using the model organism <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> to investigate the potential risks of environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS. After 72 h of exposure, specific reproductive toxicity, including a decrease in eggs in utero at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 μg L⁻¹ was observed. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) was determined based on a 10% inhibition of egg formation using the Hill and Weibull models. At lower concentrations, TCS inhibited total brood size in <i>C. elegans</i> and increased intracellular ROS levels and <i>sod- 3</i> antioxidant gene expression. The reproductive risk of TCS in urban freshwater environments was further assessed using predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) from 2019 to 2022 and the PNEC simulated in this study. Risk quotient (RQ) and exceedance risk (ER) analyses indicated a high reproductive risk of TCS (RQ &gt; 1 or inhibition &gt; 10% at ER = 0.5) in urban rivers and lakes, particularly in the post-pandemic period. Given the global concern over the potential hazards of TCS, our findings contributed to understanding its environmental risks in urban freshwater systems and provided a basis for regulatory authorities to develop appropriate control measures and management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}