环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and Driving Mechanism of Microplastics in River-connected Lake of the Mid-lower Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Nakrin Ry,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Sreyluch Phal,&nbsp;Haosen Xu,&nbsp;Yichuan Zeng,&nbsp;Yi Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07887-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07887-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) in river-connected lake of the mid-lower Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are emerging pollutants. There is limited understanding of how human activities influence their presence and the associated risks remain uncertain. This study analyzed data from 19 peer-reviewed experimental research articles, from 262 and 210 samples for water and sediment, respectively. The results found an average MP abundance of 11,853.52 items/m³ in water and 649 items/kg.dw in lake sediment, with varied shapes, colors, and polymer types of different proportions. The GeoDetector model and Redundancy analysis explained the geography location and sampling method, depth, and time were influence factors drivers affect and interact with the results distribution of MPs in water and sediment. The accuracy of detection results requires reliable and standardized methods for MP extraction and identification in the laboratory. The Mantel test indicated the significant factors influenced by factors of human activities such as social factors, economic factors, and the effluence of wastewater factors on MP morphology. Ecological risk assessments indicate the classified levels of hazard as low, moderate, high, and very high, according to the Pollution Load Index, Polymer Risk Index, and Potential Ecological Assessment Index which extend to extremely high. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC) as the most contribution to the ecological risk should be considered. This study examines MP abundance, driving factors, and ecological risk in river-connected lakes of the mid-lower YRB, which will improve control and monitoring strategies for MP pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality Status and Heavy Metals Contamination in River Kali-East, India using Pollution Indexes and Health Hazards","authors":"Bhanu Pratap,&nbsp;Sampurna Nand,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar,&nbsp;Ram Naresh Bharagava,&nbsp;Venkatesh Dutta","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07871-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07871-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River Kali-East is one of the intermittent rivers of the Indo-Gangetic plain flowing actively in the monsoon season in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Every day, the river receives a significant amount of untreated and partially treated wastewater from various industries and sewage systems in different municipal areas through which it passes. Therefore, the river is heavily polluted with various organic and inorganic contaminants, rendering it unsuitable for drinking, outdoor bathing, fish culture and agricultural irrigation. Considering the physicochemical parameters of pre-monsoon season, acidic pH, less DO, high BOD, COD, TDS, TN, sulfate, phosphate, potassium and chloride ions were observed as compared to the post-monsoon season. Simultaneously, the overall mean values of heavy metals (HMs) concentration in pre-monsoon season were also observed beyond the permissible limit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The concentrations of HMs in both seasons were found in order of Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Cr. Continuous discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater over an extended period is the main cause of the elevated levels of HMs in the riverine ecosystem. Further, for the identification of the main sources of pollution load and related health risks, the assessment of the water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HMPI), geo accumulation index (Igeo) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. The results of the physicochemical analysis, HMs and WQI indicated that the river Kali-East is extremely polluted at all the sampling locations, which could significantly threaten human health and the environment. The outcome of WQI, HMPI, Igeo and PCA confirmed that both temporal and spatial changes occurred during pre- and post-monsoon seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissipation Kinetics and Environmental Risk Assessment of Halosulfuron Methyl in the Sandy Clay Loam Soil of Tropical Sugarcane Crop Ecosystem","authors":"Shareef Anusha,&nbsp;Chandran Yogambal,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Singaravelu,&nbsp;Thirumalaiandi Ramasubramanian","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07883-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07883-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Halosulfuron methyl has label claim for managing the purple nutsedge, <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> in sugarcane, <i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L. Since reports on dissipation kinetics of halosulfuron methyl in tropical sugarcane ecosystem are lacking, we have studied the persistence of the molecule in the sandy clay loam soil at its recommended (67.5 g a.i./ha.) and double the recommended doses. A simple, single-step extraction-cum-cleanup method was adopted to determine the residues of halosulfuron methyl in the soil matrix. The method could provide 95.4 ± 5.7 – 96.7 ± 3.9% recoveries when validated at three levels of fortification ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 µg/g. At the recommended dose, the halosulfuron methyl residues were detected and quantified up to 90 days after treatment (DAT) and they reached below the detectable level (BDL) of 0.01 µg/g on 105th day after treatment. It took two weeks for the herbicide to dissipate to 50% of its initial deposit of 0.288 µg/g. At double the recommended doses, the residues were detected up to 105 DAT and reached BDL on 120th DAT. The half-life of the herbicide was worked out to be 8.85 and 9.12 days at its recommended and double the recommended doses, respectively. Thus, halosulfuron methyl was observed to be a non-persistent herbicide in the sandy clay loam soil of tropical sugarcane crop ecosystem. Halosulfuron methyl was expected to pose low to moderate level of risk to earthworm and the beneficial arthropod at its recommended dose with risk quotient values lies between 0.1 and 1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium Adsorption and Photocatalytic Reusability of Modified Oil-Based Drilling Cuttings Ash","authors":"Qi Feng,&nbsp;Guanli Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaopei Du,&nbsp;Hang Yang,&nbsp;Zisen Liu,&nbsp;Yunli Liu,&nbsp;Guoliang Bai,&nbsp;Shibin Xia,&nbsp;Zhenbin Wu,&nbsp;Wei Feng,&nbsp;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07876-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07876-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alkali fusion-magnesium modified oil-based drilling cuttings ash (AM-Mg-OBDCA) was synthesized and characterized for its capacity to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, underscoring a chemisorption-dominated mechanism, while Langmuir isotherm analysis determined a maximum adsorption capacity of 440.2 mg/g. Post-adsorption structural and chemical transformations, confirmed by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS analyses, revealed the contributions of electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, surface precipitation, and cation exchange. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated that the CdS-A/M-g-C₃N₄ (2:1) composite exhibited superior degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) under visible light, suggesting potential applications in environmental remediation. However, reusability tests indicated a marked decline in adsorption capacity after initial use, pointing to the need for further material optimization. Overall, AM-Mg-OBDCA shows promise as an effective adsorbent for Cd(II) removal and a precursor for photocatalytic materials, offering a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment and resource recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating climate mitigation and adaptation in the UK: A new anticipatory narrative for achieving “Climate Resilient Net Zero” in preparing for heat risk","authors":"Candice Howarth ,&nbsp;Niall McLoughlin ,&nbsp;Ellie Murtagh ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Kythreotis ,&nbsp;James Porter","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate Policy Integration (CPI) is key to mainstreaming and harmonising mitigation and adaptation in policy responses to climate change worldwide. However, little is known about how CPI can be applied in practice, beyond single policy areas, particularly in the integration of adaptation and mitigation responses. We investigate this in the context of responding to climate impacts such as extreme heat, a climate risk growing in international importance. Using the 2022 UK heatwaves as a case study, our paper explores: (a) the extent to which key stakeholders consider the integration of adaptation and mitigation to be important; (b) perceptions of the feasibility of integration; and (c) main enablers and/or challenges with integration of adaptation and mitigation. To do this, interviews (N = 38) and four focus groups (N = 21) were conducted with policymakers, first responders, utility providers, and civil society responsible for managing heat risks. Our findings reveal a tension that CPI is essential to achieving a “climate resilient net zero”, yet unrealised. To facilitate CPI, we present a new anticipatory narrative with international and multi-contextual significance, that considers the convergence of key elements integral to effective CPI decision-making in the context of heat risk: (1) ‘Challenges’ − that may hinder, undermine, or act as a barrier to the integration of mitigation and adaptation; (2) ‘Enablers’ − which support, or help to facilitate greater integration, or synergies, between mitigation and adaptation; (3) ‘Framings’ − different ways participants described, defined or interpreted the issue of integration; (4) ‘Importance’ – the extent to which participants thought that integrating mitigation and adaptation was important; and (5) ‘Feasibility’ – or how possible integration is. We conclude that unless all five elements are fully addressed iteratively by end-users when tackling and understanding heat risks, new problems may emerge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102994"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Removal of Malachite Green Dye and Antioxidant Properties, Mechanical Analysis of Chitosan Film Dopped with Biosynthesized Iron Nanoparticle from Moringa Oleifera Leaf","authors":"Velmurugan Ganesan,&nbsp;Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan,&nbsp;K. Narayanamoorthy,&nbsp;D Elil Raja,&nbsp;Ramya Maranan,&nbsp;M. Nagaraj,&nbsp;Praveen Barmavatu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07861-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07861-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green synthesis, favoured for its eco-friendliness, simplicity, and cost effectiveness, was employed to synthesise iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs), using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL) as a capping and reducing agent. The biosynthesised Fe-NPs were characterised through UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, EDAX, and TEM, confirming their presence and stability. In the UV–Vis spectra, there was a peak at 414 nm indicating successful reduction of Fe³⁺ ions, while XRD analysis indicated crystalline structures where Debye–Scherrer equations gave a particle size of approximately 22 nm. Biofunctional groups responsible for reduction and stabilisation of Fe-NPs were identified by FTIR analysis, while elemental composition was confirmed using EDAX, as spherical Fe-NPs from TEM analysis had an average size of 20 nm. Photocatalytic studies have shown how efficient malachite green (MG) dyes are broken up by these materials, with maximum degradation (97.21%) occurring at pH 3.5. At dye concentrations higher than this level, degradation efficiency decreases due to light absorption and competition for reactive sites. The biosynthesised Fe-NPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties with EC₅₀ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 21.36 ± 1.01 µg/mL and 24.52 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the chitosan film reinforced with Fe-NPs were assessed, with the E-type combination (73 ml of chitosan and 2 ml of Fe-NPs) revealing the highest tensile strength of 81 MPa and an elastic modulus of 2389 MPa. These discoveries point out that MOL-derived Fe-NPs can be used in environmental applications such as wastewater treatment processes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilized by ZnO Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Conversion","authors":"Lian Liu,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Zixin Gao,&nbsp;Yue Zhan,&nbsp;Mengqin Yao,&nbsp;Jia Bao","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07873-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07873-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has emerged as a critical strategy in combating climate change and global warming. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) exhibits exceptional potential as a biocatalyst for CCUS processes due to its remarkable ability to accelerate CO₂ hydration. In this study, CA was immobilized on ZnO nanocarriers of varying morphologies. The optimal immobilization conditions and enzymatic properties of the immobilized CA were investigated, followed by catalytic CO₂ uptake and mineralization experiments. The immobilization process resulted in several improvements: enhanced overall thermal stability, an elevated optimal reaction pH of 8.50 (compared to 8.00 for free CA), retention of 84.98% original activity after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, and preservation of 85.36% initial activity after five recycling cycles. While the affinity between immobilized CA and its substrate increased, a decrease in activity was observed. The Michaelis constant (Km) for immobilized and free CA were determined to be 17.22 mM and 34.92 mM, respectively, with corresponding catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of 20.49 M⁻¹-S⁻¹ and 148.91 M⁻¹-S⁻¹. The catalytic performance of immobilized CA was investigated by carrying out the CO₂ adsorption assay. Notably, the catalytic efficiency of immobilized CA in CO₂ absorption and mineralization under various conditions was significantly enhanced.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of Particulate Matter, Heavy Metals, and Air Pollution Tolerance Index of 10 Species of Urban Forest Plants","authors":"Jihye Park,&nbsp;Huong-Thi Bui,&nbsp;Eunyoung Lee,&nbsp;Hyeon-Su Lim,&nbsp;Heung-Bin Lim,&nbsp;Bong-Ju Park","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07875-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07875-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid industrialization and economic development have exacerbated air pollution. Among air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) has notable harmful effects on humans. Additional measures are necessary to reduce PM content in the air, as it does not dissolve naturally. Plant leaves, which accumulate PM, can serve as biological filters. Urban forests positively impact the health of city dwellers by acting as natural filters to reduce PM content and improve air quality. This study aimed to examine the leaves of 10 different woody plants from urban forests for biomonitoring purposes and evaluate their effectiveness for urban greening through the estimation of accumulated PM and the air pollution tolerance index (APTI). These species exhibited varying PM accumulation levels and APTI. The APTI was highest in <i>Acer triflorum</i> and lowest in <i>Prunus serotina</i>. The accumulation of surface PM₁₀ (sPM₁₀) was highest in <i>Juniperus chinensis</i> and lowest in <i>P</i>. <i>serotina</i>. The accumulation of sPM_2.5 was highest in <i>Acer triflorum</i> and lowest in <i>Magnolia denudata</i>. The in-wax PM₁₀ (wPM₁₀) and wPM_2.5 accumulations were highest in <i>Abies holophylla</i> and lowest in <i>M</i>. <i>denudata</i>. In addition to PM, the plants analysed in this study accumulated heavy metals (HMs), with the average concentrations measured in the following descending order Mn &gt; Sr &gt; Zn &gt; Rb &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Pb. Among them, Mn, Zn, and Sr constituted a large proportion, whereas Pb was detected only in some plants. These results suggest the potential of the studied plants to enhance sustainability and their reactivity to pollutants, which could be exploited to improve plant-based purification technologies as biofilters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Diesel Oil-Contaminated Water Using Hydrochar Derived from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Aloe Vera Leaves","authors":"Ngoc-Thuy Vu,&nbsp;Luong Huyen Trang,&nbsp;Chung Nguyen Thuy,&nbsp;Thi-Anh Tuyet Nguyen,&nbsp;Erdal Yabalak,&nbsp;Dimitrios Kalderis","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07881-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07881-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cultivation of aloe vera and the exploitation of the valuable gel is an emerging agro-industry in various parts of the world, including the Mediterranean region and south-east Asia. Following the separation of the gel from the aloe vera leaf, the latter is considered waste and a sustainable valorization pathway has not been established so far. Due to its high moisture content, it is well-suited for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In this study, HTC of aloe vera leaves was carried out at temperatures of 180—220 °C and residence times of 2- 8 h. After an initial screening of the hydrochars for diesel oil (DO) adsorption, the optimum sample was prepared at 180 °C and 2 h treatment time (AV-180–2). This sample was characterized using elemental and surface analysis methods and was used without modification in the adsorption DO from aqueous solutions. The maximum achievable adsorption capacity of hydrochar AV-180–2 was 12 g g⁻¹ at 25 °C, with an initial DO content of 10 g L⁻¹, rotating speed of 100 rpm, hydrochar quantity of 1.0 g L⁻¹ and pH ~ 7.0, adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 15 min of contact time. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient R² = 0.995. The experimental data fitted best to the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.998) and the thermodynamic study indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Overall, hydrothermal carbonization offers a new and sustainable exploitation pathway for aloe vera waste and the hydrochars showed a promising behaviour towards DO-contaminated aqueous phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07881-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Optimization Strategy: An Efficient Approach for Degradation of Synthetic Direct Black 15 Dye by Citrobacter freundii","authors":"Manikandan Kathavarayan,&nbsp;Mangala Lakshmi Ragavan,&nbsp;Ranjani Soundhararajan,&nbsp;Hemalatha Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07856-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07856-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Textile industrial effluent is contaminated with resilient azo dyes. This study focuses on incorporating biological approaches for effective dye degradation in treating textile industry waste water effluents. A bacterial strain <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> with the ability to break down synthetic textile dyes was identified. The optimal conditions for degradation were obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Among the three variables (A- temperature; B- inoculum concentration; C- time), AC and BC showed the most significant impact on dye degradation (&gt; 90%). Efficient degradation of around 90% was achieved for the direct black 15 dye utilized in this study. To validate the degradation process, both the treated and untreated direct black dyes were subjected to characterization by UV–visible spectroscopy, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Molecular docking studies revealed an interaction between azo dyes and enzymes namely laccase and peroxidase of <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>. Phytotoxicity assessment of the degraded dye in <i>Vigna radiata</i> seedlings confirmed the non-toxic nature of the degraded compounds. The results suggest that biodegradation by employing <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> is an effective alternative to degrade textile black dye.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}