环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of Green Strontium-Based Perovskites Nanocomposites by Dates Seed Extract for Treatment of Direct Lemon Yellow 44 Dye-Based Wastewater","authors":"Maryam Alvi, Ruba Munir, Gadah Albasher, Nazish Jahan, Hina Ambreen, Amna Muneer, Fazila Younas, Raziya Nadeem, Saima Noreen","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08586-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08586-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biocomposites were prepared and applied for direct lemon yellow 44 dye removals. For the elimination of acid dye, equilibrium was reached in 45 to 60 min for all biosorbents. The maximum biosorption capacity for these biocomposites SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>– CaTiO<sub>3</sub> (SrM-CTO), SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>–MgTiO<sub>3</sub> (SrM-MTO), SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>–SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (SrM-STO), SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (SrM-BTO) obtained are (20.46 mg/g, 25.28 mg/g, 27.94 mg/g, and 33.07 mg/g) at the pH of 2,4, 2, and 3 and the maximum qe values are obtained (20.63 mg/g, 25.61 mg/g, 28.1 mg/g and 33.07 mg/g) at the dose of 0.05 g/50 mL and at contact time of 30 min, 60 min, 30 min and 45 min we got highest qe values (22.63, 25.77, 29.92, and 34.23<span>(mg/g)</span>) respectively. And the optimal dye concentration observed was 50 mg/L,75 mg/L,50 mg/L and 75 mg/L with the greatest biosorption capacity of (20.30<span>(mg/g)</span>, 25.56<span>(mg/g)</span>, 27.76<span>(mg/g)</span>, and 36.67<span>(mg/g)</span>) and for the parameter of temperature we had maximal qe values (23.45 mg/g, 28.10 mg/g, 30.09 <span>(mg/g)</span> and 33.74<span>(mg/g)</span>) at 40 <span>(^circ{rm C})</span>, 45<span>(^circ{rm C})</span>,40 <span>(^circ{rm C})</span> and 30 <span>(^circ{rm C})</span>. Biosorption processes are exothermic. The pseudo-second-order-kinetic model and langmuir isotherm explained the biosorption processes. Surfactants/detergents in the acid dye solution greatly decreased the biosorption performance of biosorbents. Highest desorption was obtained at <span>(0.5 N)</span> NaOH. The adsorbent was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (<span>(FT-IR)</span>), x-ray diffraction (<span>(XRD)</span>), and scanning electron microscopy (<span>(SEM)</span>). <span>(FT-IR)</span> analysis revealed a synergistic effect that enhances dye adsorption by providing abundant active sites and strengthening metal-functional groups <span>((-C-O-C, -COOH, and C-OH/O-H))</span> through <span>(pi)</span>- aromatic bonding. SEM images showed that the rough texture of the adsorbent facilitates the rapid adsorption of target dye molecules and improves the overall adsorption capacity. XRD patterns of the samples identified the presence of two distinct phases. Results revealed that synthesized biocomposites can be an effective biosorbent for the adsorption of dyes from textile wastewater. Highlights. Fabrication of strontium ferrite SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>–M TiO<sub>3</sub> (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg) nanocomposites was done using sol–gel auto combustion method via dates seed extract than characterized. Application for the adsorption of direct lemon yellow 44. Pseudo-second-order-kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm better explained the biosorption processes of different biocomposites. Fabrication of SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>–M TiO<sub>3</sub> (M = Ca, Sr, ","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Greener Approach for the Determination of Neonicotinoids in Foraged Pollen and their Occurrence in the Diet of Stingless Bee Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (1811)","authors":"Ana Maria Barbosa-Medina,&nbsp;Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares Maciel,&nbsp;Janete Brigante,&nbsp;Michiel Adrian Daam,&nbsp;Fernando Mauro Lanças,&nbsp;Dayana Moscardi dos Santos,&nbsp;Eny Maria Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08603-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08603-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bees play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, contributing to biodiversity through pollination and significantly enhancing the agricultural productivity of various crops. However, the frequent use of pesticides in agriculture and surrounding areas has adversely affected the well-being of these essential pollinators. This study focuses on developing a miniaturized method for determining imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in stingless bee <i>Tetragonisca angustula</i> and the foraged pollen from their hives, with subsequent application to environmental samples. This approach efficiently monitors neonicotinoid levels in these matrices by significantly reducing sample mass and reagent usage. During method application, no thiamethoxam was detected, while residual levels of imidacloprid were found in both <i>T. angustula</i> (17.4 to 19.5 ng g⁻¹) and pollen (7.4 to 11.9 ng g⁻¹) samples. These findings highlight the applicability of the developed method for environmental monitoring and reveal the bioavailability of imidacloprid in hives near crop fields, contributing to the assessment of pesticide risk for these non-target organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon–Neutral Granular Filtration for Sustainable and Safe Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Malaysia","authors":"Mohammad Nur-E-Alam,&nbsp;MD. Helal Uddin,&nbsp;Saurav Dixit,&nbsp;Boon Kar Yap,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariqul Islam,&nbsp;Nowshad Amin","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08577-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08577-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to design a granular filter-based carbon–neutral rainwater treatment system. Granular filters are capable of cleaning rainwater while leaving a carbon–neutral trace to promote environmentally friendly rainwater collection techniques by examining the filtration performance and impact on the environment. The elimination of pollutants and impurities from collected rainwater through granular filters highlights the significance of meeting water quality requirements. The system uses three filters (F1, F2, and F3) for the treatment process where palm (oil) fruit shell-activated carbon, coconut shell-activated carbon, coarse sand, and fine sand are used as raw materials. The physicochemical quality of rainwater (harvested at four different locations) in Selangor, Peninsula Malaysia, from February to March 2022 has been investigated in this study. The analysis covers seven essential properties, such as ammoniacal nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and Turbidity. The obtained results indicate that the harvested purified rainwater generally meets World Health Organization (WHO), National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQSM), and Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH) standards, with pH ranging from 6.5 to 9 and BOD₅ within recommended limits. The parameters at the initial filtration maintain the acceptable limit for drinking water quality. However, after the feasibility study of 10–30 L of filtration, the DO range (7.77 to 8.67 mg/L) indicates ambient gas concentration. BOD₅ value exceeds the limit of 9.11 mg/L after 30 L of filtration for the F3 column. The system has potential applications in drinking, gardening, agriculture, and toilet flushing. Based on important physicochemical factors, the parameters at the first filtering keep the drinking water quality within an acceptable range. Nonetheless, further conductivity and mineral content testing is advised for a thorough study of drinking water. The results of this study thus support the larger objective of encouraging water sustainability and reducing the carbon footprint in water treatment procedures, which is to improve environmentally friendly rainwater harvesting technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-08577-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Optimization and Modeling for Total Removal of Basic Red Cl18 Dye by Walnut Shell: An Integrated ANN-PSO","authors":"Ouafa Tobbi,&nbsp;Amel Hebboul,&nbsp;Zhour Hattab,&nbsp;Hakim Belkhalfa,&nbsp;Ouanissa Smara,&nbsp;Rasha Abumousa,&nbsp;Mohamed Bououdina","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08498-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08498-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, purified walnut shell powder was utilized as a natural adsorbent for the removal of the cationic textile dye Basic Red Cl18 (BR-Cl18) from aqueous solution. Comprehensive characterization of the walnut shell powder, using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, BET analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, revealed its mesoporous structure, crystalline cellulose composition and respective functional groups, as well as its important specific surface area. An optimization methodology combining artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization was employed to identify the optimal conditions for achieving complete BR-Cl18 removal. The optimal conditions to achieve 100% removal efficiency were computed, including an initial dye concentration of 94.72 mg/L, a contact time of 53.41 min, a temperature of 27.12 °C, a pH of 5.30, an adsorbent dosage of 4.88 g/L, and a stirring speed of 173.74 rpm. A Multi-Layer Perceptron model with Adam optimizer and ReLU activation (128 nodes) predicted removal with high accuracy (R² = 0.9623, MSE = 0.00096). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics at various dye concentrations indicated that the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R² &gt; 0.96) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² &gt; 0.98), as indicated by their high correlation coefficients. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption was spontaneous, exothermic, and characterized by chemisorption. The findings highlight the significant potential of walnut shell powder as an efficient sorbent for dye removal from wastewater and confirm the effectiveness of the integrated ANN-PSO approach in optimizing operational conditions.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive flood risk management: A decision support system integrating deep learning, digital twins, and economic risk assessment","authors":"Miia Chabot ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Bertrand","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are among the most destructive climate-related disasters, with their frequency and severity increasing due to climate change and urban expansion. In response to rising claims and insufficient adaptation measures, insurers are progressively withdrawing from high-risk areas, thereby shifting the responsibility for risk management to businesses and municipalities, who must either implement their own solutions or resort to self-insurance. Effective flood risk management requires accurate forecasting, robust financial impact assessments, and decision support systems (DSS) to inform adaptation strategies. Within the framework of the European Union (EU) Floods Directive, this study develops an integrated, AI-powered DSS that combines deep learning-based flood forecasting (ConvLSTM models), economic vulnerability modelling (Joint Research Centre methodology), digital twin simulations, and predictive analytics to support data-driven adaptation planning. The framework was initially applied to assess pluvial, fluvial, and coastal flood risks in the coastal city of Nice, France, and subsequently extended to over 100 public and private sites across three urban municipalities. The findings demonstrate that this methodology improves the accuracy of risk assessments and provides a structured basis for capital allocation, insurability evaluation, and the optimization of adaptation investments. The multi-site deployment revealed significant governance, legal, and behavioural constraints, with public authorities and family-owned businesses responding differently despite comparable risk information. This research shows that integrating AI and digital twin technologies advances the EU Floods Directive’s objectives by enhancing risk mapping, preparedness, and transparency, while supporting public–private partnerships and extending protection to vulnerable populations at risk of losing insurance coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103069"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Influencing Factors of Magnetic Air Filters with Elliptic Magnets","authors":"Yulin Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08611-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08611-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic filters are widely applied in subway air purification, yet existing research predominantly focuses on cylindrical magnets and lacks simple empirical formulas to describe filtration efficiency and resistance. In this paper, a magnetic filter model with elliptic magnets is established. Based on this model, a two-dimensional simulation was performed. The factors affecting the filtration efficiency and the filtration resistance are investigated: magnet shape factor, inlet airflow velocity, magnetic field strength, blockage rate and particle diameter. Among them, the filtration efficiency of the magnetic filter increases first and then decreases with the increase of the magnet shape factor, and the resistance decreases first and then increases with the increase of the magnet shape factor, that is, there exists an optimal shape factor respectively, which can maximize the filtration efficiency or minimize the resistance. The best shape factor is influenced by other factors. Finally, the empirical formulas of the filter efficiency, filter resistance, the best shape factor are given, which can be used to select the magnet shape, calculate the filter efficiency and filter resistance in practical magnetic filter design, and has a certain guiding role in the manufacture and optimization of magnetic filters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of PM2.5 Variation and Estimation of Mortality Attributable to Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure Using the AirQ + Model in Kocaeli, Türkiye","authors":"Seren Acarer Arat","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08554-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08554-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the first stage of this study, the number of days exceeding the limit value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for 24-h average (daily) PM2.5 concentration, the monthly average PM2.5 concentration, annual average PM2.5 concentration and seasonal variation of PM2.5 at air quality measurement stations in Kocaeli, one of the heavily industrialized cities of Türkiye, during 2021 − 2023 were investigated. In the second stage of this study, premature deaths in adults aged ≥ 30 years due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Kocaeli city for 2021, 2022 and 2023 were estimated using AirQ + software. The average annual PM2.5 concentration in Kocaeli city was 19.17 ± 2.46, 19.12 ± 1.52 and 19.63 ± 1.98 µg/m³ in 2021, 2022 and 2023, and these values were 3.83, 3.82 and 3.93 times higher than the recommended limit value by WHO, respectively. AirQ + model results showed that 1,059 (705 − 1,376), 1,051 (699 − 1,369) and 1,174 (780 − 1,530) all natural cause deaths in Kocaeli city in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution. Moreover, 11.71% (7.8 − 15.22%), 10.67% (7.09 − 13.89%) and 10.25% (6.81 − 13.35%) of natural cause deaths in Kocaeli city were associated with long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. An average of 3,284 premature deaths associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 in three years could have been prevented if PM2.5 concentrations in Kocaeli city had not exceeded the WHO recommended limit value.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations, Sources and Health Risk of Boron in Surface Water of Huaihe River Basin, China","authors":"Hui Yan,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang,&nbsp;Bingxue Han","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08598-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08598-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron is an essential micronutrient for living organisms, yet excessive concentrations can become toxic and pose significant health risks. The presence of elevated boron levels in drinking and irrigation water has been identified as a potential threat to human health. This concern is particularly relevant for the Huaihe River Basin (HRB), a crucial agricultural region serving as one of China's primary grain and wheat production areas. To assess the water quality status, this study collected and analyzed 59 surface water samples from the HRB, focusing on boron concentrations along with anions, cations, and trace elements. The investigation aimed to determine boron levels, identify potential sources, and evaluate associated health risks across the basin. The analysis revealed boron concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 0.683 mg/L, with a mean value of 0.106 mg/L. While most samples showed boron levels within acceptable limits for both surface and drinking water standards, two samples (HR41 and HR42) exceeded these thresholds. The primary natural sources of boron in the HRB were identified as silicate and evaporite dissolution. Anthropogenic contributions were only evident in areas exhibiting higher boron concentrations. The HQ_ingestion for adults and children ranged from 0.001 ~ 0.084 and 0.001 ~ 0.088, with mean values of 0.013 and 0.014, respectively. The HQ_dermal for adults and children ranged from 0.007 ~ 0.584 and 0.015 ~ 1.201, with average values of 0.091 and 0.187, respectively. The HQ_dermal values were higher than the HQ_ingestion values for both groups, indicating that dermal exposure poses a greater risk than ingestion, and children face higher health risks than adults. Notably, in the Suzhou and Bozhou regions of Anhui Province, the HQ and HI of children exceeded the safety threshold of 1, indicating that children face potential non-carcinogenic health risks. These findings provide critical baseline data on boron pollution in this region, highlighting the urgent need for local authorities to implement targeted water treatment measures. Such actions are essential to reduce boron concentrations and safeguard public health, especially among vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost – Effective Protectants to Alleviate Ozone Stress on Rice Cultivars","authors":"Ramesh Poornima,&nbsp;Periyasamy Dhevagi,&nbsp;Mathaiyan Uma Gowri,&nbsp;Srirangarayan Subramanian Rakesh,&nbsp;Ambikapathi Ramya,&nbsp;Muthunalliappan Maheswari,&nbsp;Naman Sharma,&nbsp;Priyatharshini Sengottiyan,&nbsp;Raveendra Gnana Keerthi Sahasa","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08583-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08583-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Application of antiozonants significantly alleviates the phytotoxicity due to ozone stress; yet a cost effective antiozonant is still unexplored. This study aims to evaluate cost effective antiozonants to alleviate the ozone stress in rice cultivars at field condition. An experiment was conducted at a tropospheric ozone hotspot region (Gummidipundi, Tamil Nadu) utilizing two rice cultivars with differing sensitivity to ozone; sensitive (TRY(R)2) and tolerant (Anna(R)4) alongside three different antiozonants (Ethylene diurea (EDU), neem coated urea (NCU) and ascorbic acid (AsA)). Results indicated monthly variations in ozone (O₃) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) concentrations. The O₃ stress was more pronounced during the flowering stage particularly in the ozone sensitive cultivar. Besides EDU, foliar application of 1% AsA significantly increased stomatal conductance (29.54%) and chlorophyll content (41.29%) in the sensitive cultivar, while 1% NCU enhanced yield attributes including number of effective tillers (10), panicle length (15.25 cm), number of spikelets per panicle (81), number of filled spikelets per panicle (73), grain yield (5041 kg ha⁻¹) and harvest index (0.61). The application of protectants also improved the grain quality in rice cultivars. Furthermore, 1% NCU demonstrated the highest benefit–cost ratios (1.03 for tolerant and 1.46 for sensitive cultivars) and exhibited high energy productivity (0.01 kg MJ⁻¹) and net energy gain (35465 MJ ha⁻¹). These findings verify that 1% NCU is a cost-effective and energy-efficient foliar treatment in regions with high tropospheric ozone levels. Attention on the dose–response relationship for protection and exploring additional abiotic stressors to gain in-depth understanding of the plant response would be more focused in future research.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Capability of Glass Fiber Reinforced Pervious Concrete for Purifying Stormwater Runoff by Removing Physicochemical Contaminants","authors":"Hnar Ali Karim Al-Jaf,&nbsp;Dillshad Khidhir Bzeni,&nbsp;Shuokr Qarani Aziz","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08609-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08609-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study rigorously evaluated the mechanical and environmental properties of pervious concrete (PC) mixes with varying aggregate sizes, cement contents, and glass fiber (GF) reinforcement. The research revealed that mechanical performance, measured by compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths was significantly influenced by these factors. Compressive strength ranged from a high of 24.1 MPa for the M14 mix (0.5% GF, aggregate size 9.5–12 mm) to a low of 10.61 MPa for the M15 mix (no GF, aggregate size 12–19 mm). Tensile strength varied from 3.38 MPa to 1.77 MPa, and flexural strength ranged from 3.95 MPa to 2.05 MPa, with both highest values observed in the M14 mix and lowest in M15. The study found that 0.5% GF consistently provided the most benefit, with higher GF content showing diminishing returns. Regarding environmental properties, the research highlighted the crucial role of porosity in stormwater management. Increased porosity led to higher permeability, beneficial for flood mitigation, with values ranging from 0.32 to 17.62 mm/s. The PC mixes demonstrated high efficiency in stormwater contaminant removal, achieving average rates of 82.9% for organic matter (OM), 63.2% for total suspended solids (TSS), 58.7% for turbidity, 52.1% for total solids (TS), 28.1% for sodium chloride (NaCl) and 20.1% for magnesium (<span>({text{Mg}}^{2+})</span>). The study recommends PC mixes with 0.5% GF, aggregate sizes between 4.75 and 12 mm, and cement contents of 325 to 375 kg/m³ for optimal mechanical performance and environmental benefits. Notable mixes include M4, M6, M10, and M12, which balance infiltration rates, flood control, purification capacity, and mechanical strength effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}