环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Distribution of Microplastic Pollution in Skadar Lake within the National Park of Montenegro","authors":"Neda Bošković,&nbsp;Željko Jaćimović,&nbsp;Oliver Bajt","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates, for the first time, the abundance, composition, distribution, sources, and ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) in the shore sediments of Skadar Lake in Montenegro. MPs were detected in all sediment samples, with their presence varying by sampling site and season. The MP abundances, measured as particles per 100 g of dry sediment, ranged from 9–22, with an average of 15.4 ± 4.3. The identified MP shapes included fibers, fragments, and films, with fibers (41%), sizes 1–3 mm (33.3%), and the color blue (31.9%) being the most dominant. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed polyethylene and polypropylene as the primary polymers. The pollution load index (PLI) and polymer hazard index (PHI) were used to assess sediment quality. PLI values indicated a low level of MP pollution in the sediments of Skadar Lake, suggesting a minor ecological risk. High PHI values were noted due to the presence of MPs with high-hazard score polymers. This study lays the groundwork for future monitoring and a better understanding of MP pollution, distribution, and potential sources in freshwater ecosystems. Our findings could support the implementation of preventive measures to reduce MP pollution in Skadar Lake, which is part of the National Park of Montenegro.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersecting inequalities and urban heat adaptation","authors":"Petra Tschakert ,&nbsp;Anshu Ogra ,&nbsp;Upasna Sharma ,&nbsp;Krishna Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;Abhilasha Singh ,&nbsp;Adhiraj Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban heat management often fails marginalised dwellers and communities due to inadequate attention to multidimensional vulnerabilities and intersecting inequalities. An overemphasis on generic characterisations of ‘vulnerable groups’ rather than embodied, lived experiences of heat-related distress risks substantial maladaptive outcomes. It exacerbates thermal insecurities and suffering among most disadvantaged populations while obscuring structural deficiencies around housing, transportation, and energy that sustain uneven power between urban privilege and disadvantage. This empirical study from Perth, Western Australia, and Delhi, India, uses 35 semi-structured interviews and 6 focus group discussions to examine intersecting inequalities and their structural drivers among diversely situated at-risk populations along with insights from governmental employees and members of the not-for-profit sector. We show overlapping layers of systemic disadvantage, substantial barriers to adaptation, and losses, as well as some subversive adaptive action. Our results indicate that concerted efforts are needed—in research, emergency management, and the policy world—to make visible such intersectional thermal suffering and address it via co-created, culturally sensitive, and cross-scalar heat action and adaptation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103003"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The labour and resource use requirements of a good life for all","authors":"Chris McElroy ,&nbsp;Daniel W. O’Neill","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use multi-regional input–output analysis to calculate the paid labour, energy, emissions, and material use required to provide basic needs for all people. We calculate two different low-consumption scenarios, using the UK as a case study: (1) a “decent living” scenario, which includes only the bare necessities, and (2) a “good life” scenario, based on the minimum living standards demanded by UK residents. We compare the resulting footprints to the current footprint of the UK, and to the footprints of the US, China, India, and a global average. Labour footprints are disaggregated by sector, skill level, and region of origin.</div><div>We find that neither low-consumption scenario provides a realistic path to providing a good life for all. While the decent living scenario would require only an 18-hour working week, and on a per capita basis, 35 GJ of energy use, 4.0 tonnes of emissions, and 5.5 tonnes of materials per year, it fails to provide essential needs. The good life scenario encompasses these needs, but would require a 46-hour working week, 73 GJ of energy use, 7.5 tonnes of emissions, and 13.2 tonnes of materials per capita. Both scenarios represent substantial reductions from the UK’s current labour footprint of 65 hours per week, which the UK is only able to sustain by importing a substantial portion of its labour from other countries. We conclude that limiting consumption to the level of basic needs is not enough to achieve sustainability. Substantial changes to provisioning systems are also required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103008"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Effective Adsorption of Naproxen Sodium from Wastewater Using Eco-Friendly Gum Acacia-Grafted-Poly(N,N-Dimethylacrylamide)/CoFe2O4 Hydrogel Nanocomposite","authors":"Pragnesh N. Dave,&nbsp;Sanjay Bamaniya","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08151-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08151-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water scarcity and declining water quality, made worse by pharmaceutical waste, pose significant challenges worldwide. There is a high demand to eliminate such contaminants from wastewater. In this study, authors have synthesized a Gum acacia-<i>g</i>-poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide)/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposite hydrogel adsorbent by free radical polymerization technique using N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) monomer, and cobalt ferrite (CF) nanofillers. The structural, morphological, and thermal properties of the synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), point zero charge (pH_PZC)_, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD analysis revealed a semi crystalline structure with distinct peaks corresponding to CoFe₂O₄, indicating increased crystallinity upon adding CF nanoparticles. SEM images showed a porous surface morphology with CF dispersed throughout the hydrogel matrix, leading to an increased BET surface area of 0.7099 m² g⁻¹ compared to the hydrogel without nanofillers. The effectiveness of the GA-<i>g</i>-P(DMA)/CF nanocomposite hydrogel for removing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen sodium (NS) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Adsorption experiments were conducted under various conditions including solution pH (2 − 11), adsorbent dose (10–100 mg), initial drug concentration (25–200 mg/L), contact time (2–24 h), and temperature (20–60 °C). The maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q</i>_<i>max</i>) of the hydrogel for NS was determined to be 344.827 mg/g, and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetics well. Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were identified as the main mechanisms for NS adsorption onto the hydrogel. Furthermore, adsorption − desorption studies demonstrated that the hydrogel could be efficiently recovered and reused for four consecutive runs without significant loss in adsorption performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Zinc Oxide/Nickel Ferric-Layered Double Hydroxide Composite for Efficient Adsorption of Erythromycin: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigation","authors":"Asaad F. Hassan,&nbsp;Attalla F. El-kott,&nbsp;Mohammed A. AlShehri,&nbsp;Fahad M. Aldosari","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08156-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08156-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Erythromycin, a persistent antibiotic pollutant, poses challenges for wastewater treatment due to its stability and resistance to biodegradation. The current paper was designed to synthesize three solid adsorbents: nickel ferric-layered double hydroxide (NF), zinc oxide nanoparticles (Z), and zinc oxide/nickel ferric-layered double hydroxide composite (ZNF) for the effective removal of erythromycin (Ery). The features of the fabricated solid materials were fully investigated by employing X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and textural characterization via nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption studies. The obtained results presented that the prepared ZNF has a nano-size (123 nm), surface area of 157.161 m²/g with pore radius of 2.67 nm, and rich with different surface chemical function groups. The batch adsorption tests revealed that ZNF achieved the maximum adsorption capacity of 273.51 mg/g at pH 7, 15 °C, 1.7 g/L as adsorbent dosage, and after 6 h of shaking time. The application of various nonlinear isothermal and kinetic models shows good consistency with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. The thermodynamic studies illustrated that the adsorption was endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. Moreover, all the samples had better reusability and stability after ten adsorption–desorption cycles ZNF loss only 3.1% of its removal efficiency. An interesting and attractive subject of study is the unique structure of ZNF as a pollutant adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth Parasites as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Jhelum River: Insights into Bioaccumulation and Ecological Implications","authors":"Ishteyaq Majeed Shah,&nbsp;Ibraq Khurshid,&nbsp;Nafee Maqbool,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad,&nbsp;Syed Mudasir Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomonitoring using host-parasite dynamics as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution is limited, particularly in Indian riverine systems. This study explored the potential of helminth parasites of fish as bioindicators and accumulators of heavy metals in the Jhelum River, the largest tributary of the Indus River. Samples were collected seasonally over 12 months (June 2022–May 2023). Concentrations of five heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) were assessed in <i>Schizothorax niger</i> tissues (liver, intestine, muscle) and helminth parasites (<i>Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis</i>, <i>Schyzocotyle acheilognathi</i>, <i>Adenoscolex oreini</i>) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.01) were observed for all metals across seasons, sites, tissues, and parasitic fauna (Three-way ANOVA). The bioaccumulation hierarchy was <i>P. kashmirensis</i> &gt; <i>S. acheilognathi</i> &gt; <i>A. oreini</i> &gt; liver &gt; intestine &gt; muscle. Cd and Pb were absent in fish muscle tissue but highly concentrated in parasites, demonstrating their superior bioaccumulation capacity. Higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Cd and Pb were noted in parasites. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and graphical visualizations further confirmed the distinct clustering of parasites due to elevated metal uptake. These findings underscore the ecological and toxicological implications of heavy metal pollution and highlight helminth parasites as effective bioindicators of contamination. This study advances insights into trophic transfer and provides a framework for sustainable monitoring and management strategies to protect aquatic biodiversity and food safety in polluted ecosystems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 by manganese ferrite nanoparticles during chromate bio-reduction†","authors":"Diana S. Raie, Ioannis Tsonas, Stefanos Mourdikoudis, Evangelia Delli, Antonios Makridis, Lena Ciric and Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00204D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00204D","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> (<em>S. oneidensis</em>) MR-1 is a metal-reducing bacterium that can bio-reduce the carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr<small>⁶⁺</small>) to a less toxic trivalent form (Cr<small>³⁺</small>). The bacteriocidal effect of Cr<small>⁶⁺</small> challenges the above bio-reduction process. This work aims to illustrate the protective role of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (Mn<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_2.8</small>O<small>₄</small> NPs) to <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1 bacteria during the bio-reduction of Cr<small>⁶⁺</small>. Nanostructures were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interaction between <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1, Cr<small>⁶⁺</small> and Mn<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_2.8</small>O<small>₄</small> NPs was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which helped to unravel the oxidation states of Cr. The XPS analysis provided key insights into the oxidation states of Mn and Fe, confirming the redox interactions facilitating Cr<small>⁶⁺</small> reduction. Mn<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_2.8</small>O<small>₄</small> NPs boosted the detoxification of the removed Cr<small>⁶⁺</small> by 2.1 and 1.4 times compared to using <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1 alone and NPs alone, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging evaluated the changes in the morphology of bacterial cells. After exposure to Cr<small>⁶⁺</small>, <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1 cells revealed their inability to produce nanofibers, which are electrically conductive bacterial appendages. Yet, Mn<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_2.8</small>O<small>₄</small> NPs provoked the formation of bacterial nanofibers. These findings highlight the potential of Mn<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_2.8</small>O<small>₄</small> NPs for enhancing the bioremediation of Cr<small>⁶⁺</small> contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 6","pages":" 3035-3046"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d5en00204d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and Future Perspectives in Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Coupled Resource Recovery Processes","authors":"Deyi Jiang,&nbsp;Haoyun Wang,&nbsp;Xuandi Cao,&nbsp;Ruochen Wang,&nbsp;Zheqin Dai,&nbsp;Wuxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Haq Nawaz Abbasi,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Xingang Wang,&nbsp;Hongliang Dai","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08132-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08132-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing global population and the expansion of agricultural production have resulted in the excessive use of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which has become a significant environmental challenge. Consequently, addressing wastewater treatment has become a critical priority for achieving sustainable development. This paper presents an overview of the fundamental principles and typical processes for biological N and P removal, followed by a detailed examination of various methods for recovering N and P resources from wastewater. Furthermore, the necessity, characteristics, and applications of biological N and P removal coupled with resource recovery processes are comprehensively analyzed. These coupled processes are anticipated to evolve continually, enhancing treatment efficiency, enabling the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants, and improving resource recovery, thus advancing the development of green and sustainable water treatment technologies. In the future, the integration of intelligent informatization control of traditional technology, gradual development of emerging technology will promote the widespread implementation of this technology in wastewater treatment with policy support from the government, fostering resource recycling and contributing to environmental protection.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of MWCNT-reinforced MOC composites: impacts on model bacteria and eukaryotes with environmental relevance†","authors":"Simona Lencova, Jana Kofronova, Vaclav Peroutka, Anna-Marie Lauermannova, Adela Jirickova, Michal Lojka, Ondrej Jankovsky and Radek Vurm","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01088D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01088D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Composite materials based on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC), reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and their oxidized form (MWCNT-ox), are promising eco-friendly building materials. However, little is known about their ecotoxicological impact. This study pioneers the evaluation of MWCNT-reinforced MOC effect on selected prokaryotic (<em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>) and eukaryotic (<em>Artemia salina</em>, <em>Sinapis alba</em>, <em>Desmodesmus subspicatus</em>) organisms. Initially, the effects of MWCNT and MWCNT-ox at concentrations of 1 g L<small>⁻¹</small>, 0.1 g L<small>⁻¹</small>, and 0.01 g L<small>⁻¹</small> on the growth and proliferation of organisms were assessed. While MWCNT samples did not affect bacterial growth or eukaryotic viability, they significantly inhibited bacterial biofilm formation. The antibiofilm effect varied among the tested bacteria, with <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> being significantly more inhibited than <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. No differences were observed between the effects of MWCNT and MWCNT-ox on bacteria, while MWCNT-ox exhibited higher toxicity toward the tested eukaryotic organisms. Subsequently, MOC reference (MOC-REF) and MWCNT-reinforced MOC samples (MOC-MWCNT, MOC-MWCNT-ox) were prepared and characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. Ecotoxicological assays confirmed that the composites inhibited both bacterial growth and biofilm formation, a highly desirable outcome, as microbial degradation compromises the longevity of building materials. The incorporation of MWCNT enhanced the antibacterial effect of MOC. Further, the addition of MWCNT and MWCNT-ox to MOC did not affect <em>A. salina</em> mortality, <em>S. alba</em> seed germination, or <em>D. subspitatus</em> growth. However, inhibition of <em>S. alba</em> root growth was observed at the highest tested concentration (1 g L<small>⁻¹</small>) for all MOC samples, regardless of MWCNT presence. Overall, the results indicate a low environmental impact of the prepared MOC-MWCNT and MOC-MWCNT-ox composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 6","pages":" 3018-3034"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en01088d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatments of Heavy Metals in Bio Electrochemical Systems (BES) and Microbial Transfer Mechanisms: Analyses of Influencing Factors, Future Research Directions, Prospect and Outlook","authors":"Zelin Lian,&nbsp;Fan-Ying Kong","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08055-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08055-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The environmental threat, pollution and damage posed by heavy metals to air, water, and soil emphasize the critical need for effective remediation strategies. This review mainly focuses on microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) for treating heavy metal pollutants, specifically includes Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cobalt (Co). First, it explores the mechanisms and current applications of MET in heavy metal treatments in detail. Second, it systematically summarizes the key microbial communities involved, analyzing their extracellular electron transfer (EET) processes and summarizing strategies to enhance the EET efficiencies. Next, the review also highlights the synergistic microbial interactions in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) during the recovery and removal (remediation) processes of heavy metals, underscoring the crucial role of microorganisms in the transfer of the electrons. Then, this paper discussed how factors including pH values, applied voltages, types and concentrations of electron donors, electrode materials, biofilm thickness and other factors affect the treatment efficiencies of some specific metals in BES. BES has shown its great superiority in treating heavy metals. For example, for the treatments of Cr⁶⁺, under low pH conditions, the recovery and removal rate of Cr⁶⁺ by double chambers microbial fuel cell (DCMFC) can generally reach 98–99%, with some cases even achieving 100% (Gangadharan &amp; Nambi, 2015). For the treatments of heavy metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺, BES can also achieve the rates of treatments of more than 90% under the corresponding conditions of appropriate pH values and applied voltages(Choi, Hu, &amp; Lim, 2014; W. Teng, G. Liu, H. Luo, R. Zhang, &amp; Y. Xiang, 2016; Y. N. Wu et al., 2019; Y. N. Wu et al., 2018). After that, the review outlines the future challenges and the research opportunities for understanding the mechanisms of BES and microbial EET in heavy metal treatments. Finally, the prospect of future BES researches are pointed out, including the combinations with existing wastewater treatment systems, the integrations with the wind energy and the solar energy, and the application of machine learning (ML) in future BES. This article has certain significance and value for readers to better understand the working principles of BES and better operate and control BES to deal with heavy metal pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}