环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Efficient PH3 removal over Cu-doped active carbon with stable active Cu2+ species enabled by nitrogen modification","authors":"Yihui He, Lin Ye, Wanglai Cen, Jianjun Li and Dengrong Sun","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00732A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00732A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effective elimination of the highly toxic phosphine (PH<small>₃</small>) is crucial for environmental and human health. Nonetheless, developing efficient methods for the removal of PH<small>₃</small> and its conversion into valuable resources remains a significant challenge. Herein, we reported a novel strategy of N doping in Cu-doped active carbon (Cu-AC) to realize efficient PH<small>₃</small> removal. Introduction of N into Cu-AC induces strong interaction between Cu and N, which greatly promotes the dispersion of Cu species and stabilize the active Cu<small>²⁺</small> species of PH<small>₃</small> removal due to the electronegativity of N. In addition, doping N also improves the basic intensity and oxidation capability, which provide high benefits for the adsorption and activation of PH<small>₃</small>. As a result, the obtained N-doped Cu-AC (Cu-N-AC) shows exceptional performance for the oxidative removal of PH<small>₃</small> to generate H<small>₃</small>PO<small>₄</small> at 70 °C, reaching a high breakthrough capacity of 534.5 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, which outperforms most of the previously reported catalysts. Cu-N-AC can be easily regenerated through water washing and air drying, showcasing its great potential for practical applications. This study not only introduces a promising material for PH<small>₃</small> removal, but also offers an innovative approach to design catalysts for efficient PH<small>₃</small> utilization, presenting an important contribution to the field of phosphorus resource recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4436-4445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Review on Abatement of VOCs By Adsorption: Adsorbent Types and Their Characteristics","authors":"Kaushal Naresh Gupta,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08461-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08461-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered one of the hazardous air pollutants that are discharged from various anthropogenic and natural sources, which have the potential to cause catastrophic damage to both the health of human beings and the environment. Over the years, many control methodologies have been developed to get rid of the menace of VOCs. Adsorption has emerged as one of the popular control techniques for the treatment of gas streams containing VOCs. The cost-effectiveness on account of low energy consumption and high efficiency are the two major factors that give adsorption an edge over other techniques like oxidation (thermal and catalytic), condensation, absorption, membrane separation, etc. The VOCs abatement by adsorption, in terms of adsorption capacity, relies on the properties of the adsorbent material such as surface area, pore structure, and presence of functional groups. This review paper encompasses a variety of adsorbent materials (carbon-based, oxygen-based, organic polymers, and composite materials) that are used by numerous investigators to treat different types of VOCs. MOF-based composite materials are future adsorbents as an alternative to zeolites and activated carbon, but further research to address the problem of costly treatment steps is the need of the hour. Magnetic composite materials are also emerging adsorbents for the VOCs removal, which have attracted the attention of many researchers. This comprehensive review of adsorbents enables budding researchers to cautiously scrutinize and select the appropriate adsorbent depending on the characteristics of the target VOCs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coercive environmentalism and political legitimacy in the age of climate change: the case of fisheries in Uganda","authors":"Godfreyb Ssekajja","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One would expect the growing environmental validation of coercion to jolt scholars out of the ’dogmatic slumber’ in which the preeminence of participatory procedures and inalienable rights is often taken for granted. Yet, as climate change is increasingly invoked to justify coercive environmentalism, the political consequences of this emerging paradigm remain underexamined. The perceived effectiveness of authoritarian regimes, such as China, in addressing ecological crises is contributing to a shift from participatory to coercive approaches. This trend not only raises the risk of democratic backsliding but also poses concerns about implications for political legitimacy. This paper examines the relationship between coercive governance, environmental crisis management, and political legitimacy. It uses field surveys and interviews to assess how the 2015 deployment of soldiers to enforce fisheries regulations influences support for regime institutions and evaluations of regime performance. The findings show that the militarized policy undermines legitimacy, as indicated by both the widespread opposition it generates and the negative assessments of government, stemming from heightened social inequalities—within and between communities—and reduced community involvement in fisheries management. Additionally, while many participants perceive improved fisheries protection, this does not equate to enhanced legitimacy, as these perceptions do not translate into support for the policy or the government overall. Instead, increased conflict—both between fishers and soldiers, and among the fishers themselves—along with reports of heightened personal insecurity, further suggests that the policy undermines legitimacy. This evidence of failure to secure widespread legitimacy implies that, for long-term sustainability, coercive measures must eventually give way to strategies that foster communal ownership and active participation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103045"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Increasing Dissolved Oxygen on Sludge Bulking and Nitrogen Removal Performance under High Sludge Loading Conditions","authors":"Zhaoming Zheng,&nbsp;Jiaxi Wang,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Zehao Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Tang,&nbsp;Yuxin Geng","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08379-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sludge bulking is a major challenge in activated sludge systems, closely related to dissolved oxygen as well as sludge loading. By managing appropriate sludge loads (0.20–0.22 kg COD/(kg MLSS·d)), this research explored the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) regulation on the anoxic/oxic (A/O) process. The results demonstrated that low DO condition (0.09–0.45 mg/L) led to sludge bulking and a reduction in NH₄⁺-N removal performance. The DSVI of sludge rose from 92.3 mL/g to 210.1 mL/g. The NH₄⁺-N removal performance was improved under high dissolved oxygen condition (1.60–4.13 mg/L), but the sludge settling performance remained poor. The extracellular protein concentrations in low DO bulking sludge and high DO bulking sludge are significantly higher than that in non-bulking sludge. Tryptophan-like protein served as a major protein constituent of the EPS. Moreover, compared to non-bulking sludge, the filamentous bacteria abundance was significantly higher in low DO bulking sludge, including norank<i>_Saprospiraceae</i>, norank<i>_ Caldilineaceae</i>, and <i>Anaerolineaceae</i>. Slow changes in extracellular protein concentration and filamentous bacteria abundance are the main factors making it difficult for DO regulation to quickly improve sludge settleability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fertilization ways on the potential risk of nutrients loss from paddy fields","authors":"Jiangming Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08409-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08409-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the rising contradiction between food security and eco-environment pollution originated from massive fertilizers are input into paddy fields for achieving the highest yield to meet the continuously increasing of global population. A test has been performed in a double-cropping rice in Jiangshan city in China. This work investigated the nutrient concentrations of paddy ponded water and evaluated potential losses risks over a double-cropping rice with 3 fertilization frequents (FF: 1, 2, and 3) and 2 fertilization depths (FD: surface broadcast (SB) and deep application (DA)). Compared to one-time fertilization, 2–3 FF significantly decreased daily mean concentration in ponded water by 13.7–28.2% for TN, 22.1–25.0% for NH₄⁺-N, 9.8–14.6% for TP, and 7.7–15.4% for WSP, respectively. Compared with SB of fertilizers, there were a decrease of 36.9% for TN, 30.9% for NH₄⁺-N, 21.4% for TP, 28.6% for WSP, 29.9% for TK, and 29.6% for WSK by DA, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction between FF and FD displayed the effect of FF on N/P concentration only in the case of surface broadcasting. These results indicated both split- and deep-application of fertilizer can effective lowers nutrient concentrations of ponded water and further potential loss risk. This highlights the need for reasonable fertilization ways in paddy fields to maintain sustainable rice production, and fertilization strategies with 2-splits combining with deep application of basic fertilizer can be recommend as priority options.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil-Thermal Synthesized Carbon Spheres for Efficient Preconcentration and Removal of Cadmium from Water","authors":"Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08422-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08422-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd²⁺) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, even at trace concentrations, and poses serious health risks. Due to the extremely low permissible levels set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water, effective pre-concentration techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) are essential prior to instrumental analysis. In this study, carbon spheres (CSs) were synthesized from sucrose using the oil-thermal method and evaluated as efficient adsorbents for the extraction and removal of Cd²⁺ from aqueous solutions. The synthesized CSs exhibited a uniform, spherical morphology with a high specific surface area of 375.5 m2 g⁻¹. Maximum Cd²⁺ adsorption efficiency was observed at pH = 10 (71.25%), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.04 mg g⁻¹. Adsorption data conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.981) and the Dubinin–Radushkevich model. Kinetic studies indicated that the Elovich model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.995), reflecting a fast initial adsorption phase followed by gradual saturation. The presence of competing cations, particularly sodium ions, significantly reduced the adsorption efficiency—from 86.8% to 65.15% as Na⁺ concentration increased from 2 to 50 ppm. Desorption studies demonstrated high recovery efficiency, with the highest elution yield (99%) achieved using 160 µL of 0.5 N HNO₃. Overall, the CSs synthesized from sucrose demonstrated promising performance as low-cost, high-efficiency adsorbents for SPE-based trace Cd²⁺ detection and removal. Their high surface area, strong affinity for Cd²⁺, rapid kinetics, and resistance to interference from competing ions highlight their potential for environmental monitoring and water treatment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Sb Sources and Transport Processes in a Mining and Smelting-Impacted River System (Oruro, Bolivia): Insights from Sb Isotopes","authors":"Colin Ferrari,&nbsp;Eléonore Resongles,&nbsp;Rémi Freydier,&nbsp;Marizol Flores,&nbsp;Mauricio Ormachea,&nbsp;Gerardo Zamora Echenique,&nbsp;Corinne Casiot","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08445-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08445-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimony (Sb) is a contaminant of increasing concern; its sources and fate in the environment require particular attention and its isotopes could be useful geochemical tracers. In this study, Sb isotopic composition was investigated along two rivers impacted by mining and smelting activities in the city of Oruro (Bolivia). Antimony concentration and isotope ratio were measured in water, suspended particulate matter and sediments during two contrasted seasons along a gradient of pH (from 1.6 to 6.5) and Sb concentration (from 8057 to 7 µg.L⁻¹). Antimony isotopic composition varied over a range of ~ 1 ‰ considering all sample types (-0.09 ≤ δ¹²³Sb ≤  + 0.93 ‰). The main stream impacted by acid mine drainage showed a progressive increase of δ¹²³Sb in the dissolved phase (+ 0.42 to + 0.70 ‰), concomitant to Fe precipitation and Sb concentration decrease. This suggested that natural Sb attenuation by sorption onto neoformed Fe oxyhydroxysulphates was involved as this process favours light isotopes in the solid (Δ¹²³Sb_{water-sediments} averaged + 0.3 ‰). Smelting-impacted tributary exhibited lighter dissolved Sb (+ 0.29 ≤ δ¹²³Sb ≤  + 0.36 ‰). Lake Uru-Uru which receives both rivers exhibited a δ¹²³Sb value of + 0.28 ‰ in the wet season and + 0.55 ‰ in the dry season, which might reflect different contributions of the AMD- and smelter-impacted rivers. The study reveals, for the first time, the impact of two distinct anthropogenic sources on antimony (Sb) isotopic composition on a water body and provides new insights into the ability of antimony isotopes to trace sources and processes in contaminated aquatic systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Freshwater Contamination in Two Subtropical Austral River Systems of Zimbabwe","authors":"Masimini S. Nkosi,&nbsp;Gideon Idowu,&nbsp;Takudzwa C. Madzivanzira,&nbsp;Fannie Masina,&nbsp;Farai Dondofema,&nbsp;Nokuthula Khanyile,&nbsp;Linton F. Munyai,&nbsp;Tatenda Dalu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08450-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08450-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanisation, agriculture, and industrial discharges intensify contamination risks, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and endocrine–disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the Marimba and Mukuvisi rivers (Harare, Zimbabwe). The MPs for the two rivers had a mean of 413.8 ± 115 particles/L and 612.4 ± 485.7 particles/L, respectively. Five shapes (i.e., fibres, fragments, foam, film and beads) were found in this study; fibres and fragments were the most dominant types. Transparent (18.1–37.0%), black (17.4– 21.4%) and blue (9.9–22.2%) were the most observed MPs colour type. Alkylphenols (APs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs) in water and sediments were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The sum of PAEs, APs and PBDEs in the water were 20.7 ± 11.6 mg/L, 2.56 ± 2.24 mg/L, and 0.32 ± 0.28 mg/L for Marimba River, respectively, and 6.6 ± 3.7 mg/L, 3.73 ± 2.01 mg/L, and 0.75 ± 0.46 mg/L for the Mukuvisi River, respectively. For sediments, the APs, PAEs and PBDEs were 16.99 ± 19.28 mg/kg, 15.3 ± 9.4 mg/kg, and 0.46 ± 0.23 mg/kg for the Marimba River, respectively, and 21.25 ± 24.14 mg/kg, 15.01 ± 5.76 mg/kg, and 0.57 ± 0.70 mg/kg for the Mukuvisi River, respectively. Notably, from this study, high concentrations were observed for Bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which contributed 86–96% and 63–96% to the sum of APs and PAEs, respectively. The three classes of EDCs (i.e., APs, PAEs, PBDEs) observed in the study are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, and they can disrupt the endocrine system. Thus, without urgent mitigation measures, water quality degradation will threaten ecosystems and human health. The study highlights significant emerging freshwater contamination in Zimbabwe’s river systems, driven by agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and urbanisation pressures (i.e., raw sewage spillages and discharges). Sustainable practices, stricter regulations, and community engagement are essential to safeguard these vital water resources for future generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental and morphological diversity of individual magnetic particles from urban surfaces: implications for adverse health outcomes","authors":"Xiangxing Long, Jonas Wielinski, Zhe Zhao, Pierre Herckes, Manuel A. Roldan, Gregory V. Lowry and Paul Westerhoff","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Urban magnetic dust particles (MDPs) are heterogeneous materials containing elemental iron (Fe<small>⁰</small>), magnetite (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) and trace elements, which potentially pose health risks upon inhalation. The composition of nanoscale MDPs, which have risks of passing the blood brain barrier, has only recently been the subject of quantitative characterization at single-particle level. This study investigates the heterogeneity of hundreds to thousands of MDPs collected from urban parking garages at the individual particle level using both single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOFMS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (STEM-EDX). spICP-TOFMS analysis reveals that only ∼8.6% of MDPs contain Fe, while STEM-EDX shows Fe in over 99% of particles. The discrepancy is attributed to “Fe-missing particles” enriched with other elements, which, because of their small diameter and low MS response, fall below the spICP-TOFMS detection limit. In contrast, EDX identifies fewer trace-level metals, due to its higher detection limit for metals (0.1%) than TOFMS. Operationally, spICP-TOFMS exhibits higher throughput of particles, while STEM-EDX requires more labor and time-intensive procedures. Three key differences between these methods significantly influence the identification and significance of heterogeneous MDPs: (1) oxygen impacts iron oxidation state interpretation and is detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bulk MDPs or single particle using EDX but not by spICP-TOFMS; (2) spICP-TOFMS exhibits varying detection limits for iron <em>versus</em> potentially catalytic elements (<em>e.g.</em>, Cu, Pt, <em>etc.</em>); and (3) spICP-TOFMS has higher particle surveying efficiency compared to EDX. Using both methods reveals complementary insights into the size, shape, composition and potential redox state of MDPs that impact pollution, and potentially respirable particles that lead to adverse human health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4339-4349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestion and insecticidal effects of cetylpyridinium chloride functionalized carbon nanotubes on Spodoptera litura: oxidative stress, metabolic disruptions, and reproductive toxicity","authors":"Mohd Jameel, Fouzia Mashkoor, Mohd Amir, Mohd Shoeb and Changyoon Jeong","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the insecticidal potential of cetylpyridinium chloride-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CPC-CNTs) against <em>Spodoptera litura</em> larvae, with a focus on oxidative stress induction, antioxidant enzyme dynamics, and reproductive toxicity. Structural analyses confirmed successful CPC functionalization of carbon nanotubes, enhancing their dispersion and biological interaction. Upon exposure, CPC-CNTs elicited dose-dependent oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated lipid peroxidation levels (malondialdehyde reaching 6.74 ± 0.21 nmol mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein) and transient increases in antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) peaked at 48 hours (3.58 ± 0.19 and 5.14 ± 0.17 U mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein, respectively), while glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase (GST) also showed an initial rise followed by significant declines in all enzymes at higher concentrations and longer exposure durations, indicating compromised antioxidant defenses. Biologically, treated larvae exhibited marked feeding inhibition, developmental delays, and paralysis. Reproductive performance was significantly impaired, with fecundity decreasing by 23.7%, egg hatchability dropping from 97.3% to 76.8%, and adult emergence reduced by 35.7%. Larval mortality increased dose-dependently, reaching 42.2% at 0.6% CPC-CNTs, and malformation incidence was recorded at 23.34% in the highest treatment group. These findings reveal that CPC-CNTs exert multifaceted toxic effects on <em>S. litura</em> and demonstrate their promise as a nano-enabled insecticidal agent. However, further ecotoxicological assessments are essential to ensure their safe application within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4360-4376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}