Fabrication of Green Strontium-Based Perovskites Nanocomposites by Dates Seed Extract for Treatment of Direct Lemon Yellow 44 Dye-Based Wastewater

Abstract

Biocomposites were prepared and applied for direct lemon yellow 44 dye removals. For the elimination of acid dye, equilibrium was reached in 45 to 60 min for all biosorbents. The maximum biosorption capacity for these biocomposites SrFe₁₂O₁₉– CaTiO₃ (SrM-CTO), SrFe₁₂O₁₉–MgTiO₃ (SrM-MTO), SrFe₁₂O₁₉–SrTiO₃ (SrM-STO), SrFe₁₂O₁₉–BaTiO₃ (SrM-BTO) obtained are (20.46 mg/g, 25.28 mg/g, 27.94 mg/g, and 33.07 mg/g) at the pH of 2,4, 2, and 3 and the maximum qe values are obtained (20.63 mg/g, 25.61 mg/g, 28.1 mg/g and 33.07 mg/g) at the dose of 0.05 g/50 mL and at contact time of 30 min, 60 min, 30 min and 45 min we got highest qe values (22.63, 25.77, 29.92, and 34.23\(mg/g\)) respectively. And the optimal dye concentration observed was 50 mg/L,75 mg/L,50 mg/L and 75 mg/L with the greatest biosorption capacity of (20.30\(mg/g\), 25.56\(mg/g\), 27.76\(mg/g\), and 36.67\(mg/g\)) and for the parameter of temperature we had maximal qe values (23.45 mg/g, 28.10 mg/g, 30.09 \(mg/g\) and 33.74\(mg/g\)) at 40 \(^\circ{\rm C}\), 45\(^\circ{\rm C}\),40 \(^\circ{\rm C}\) and 30 \(^\circ{\rm C}\). Biosorption processes are exothermic. The pseudo-second-order-kinetic model and langmuir isotherm explained the biosorption processes. Surfactants/detergents in the acid dye solution greatly decreased the biosorption performance of biosorbents. Highest desorption was obtained at \(0.5 N\) NaOH. The adsorbent was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (\(FT-IR\)), x-ray diffraction (\(XRD\)), and scanning electron microscopy (\(SEM\)). \(FT-IR\) analysis revealed a synergistic effect that enhances dye adsorption by providing abundant active sites and strengthening metal-functional groups \((-C-O-C, -COOH, and C-OH/O-H)\) through \(\pi\)- aromatic bonding. SEM images showed that the rough texture of the adsorbent facilitates the rapid adsorption of target dye molecules and improves the overall adsorption capacity. XRD patterns of the samples identified the presence of two distinct phases. Results revealed that synthesized biocomposites can be an effective biosorbent for the adsorption of dyes from textile wastewater. Highlights. Fabrication of strontium ferrite SrFe₁₂O₁₉–M TiO₃ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg) nanocomposites was done using sol–gel auto combustion method via dates seed extract than characterized. Application for the adsorption of direct lemon yellow 44. Pseudo-second-order-kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm better explained the biosorption processes of different biocomposites. Fabrication of SrFe₁₂O₁₉–M TiO₃ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg) perovskites as a green adsorbent are found to be efficient for removal of dye from textile wastewater.