Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Toxicity and Carcinogenic Health Risks of Trace Metal Residues in Selected Water Resources Contaminated by Wastewater Effluent","authors":"S. R. Maremane,&nbsp;G. N. Belle,&nbsp;E. O. Omotola,&nbsp;P. J. Oberholster,&nbsp;K. G. Von Eschwege","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09549-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09549-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to detect the presence of 28 trace metal residues in water and sediment samples taken from four surface water resource sites polluted by wastewater effluent. The selected sites are tributaries of the main river within the area of Mangaung which supplies freshwater to communities. These trace metal residues included aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), indium (In), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), thallium (Tl), silver (Ag), boron (B), barium (Ba), bismuth (Bi), gallium (Ga), strontium (Sr), antimony (Sb), beryllium (Be), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and magnesium (Mg). Statistical analysis was performed, including calculating means and performing the Spearman’s rank correlation test. Various indices were computed, including the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Heavy Metal Toxicity Load (HMTL), and the general exposure pathway Human Health Risk Assessment Index. All the trace metals were detected at high concentrations, specifically above the World Health Organisation (WHO) limits in water samples. Interestingly, the following significantly elevated maximum concentrations were observed in water and sediment samples for V (114.11 mg/L and 175 mg/g), Li (66.33 mg/L and 242 mg/g), Ba (48.33 mg/L and 67.49 mg/g), B (38.33 mg/L and 354.67 mg/g) and Fe (37.78 mg/L and 535 mg/g), respectively. Sr presented the most significant trace metal pollutant at all sites, with HEI below 20. As, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ba and Mn had HMTL values above the stipulated limit, indicating potential for toxic health effects. In terms of human health risk, all the trace metals had a CDI of above 0.00001 mg/kg/day, except for Mo. Only V had a hazard quotient (HQ) &gt; 1. Conversely, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) greater than 0.0001 was exhibited by As at site 1 (0.000105), 2 (0.000117), 3(0.00011) and 4 (0.00014), and for Cr, site 1 (0.01241), 2(0.01312), 3(0.01353), and 4 (0.01353), these results indicate a carcinogenic risk at all sites. Significant differences in chronic daily intake (CDI) values for various trace metals, including AlCDI, InCDI, HgCDI, MnCDI, VCDI, CoCDI, CuCDI, AsCDI, CdCDI, TiCDI, NiCDI, FeCDI, SeCDI, BCDI, MgCDI, TlCDI and CrCDI, were observed (p-value &lt; 0.05). The results of the current study show significantly elevated trace metal concentrations, posing an elevated cancer risk to humans over a lifetime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-09549-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration, Dissolved-Particulate Phase Distribution and Source Identification of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) in Surface Water","authors":"Mehmet Ferhat Sari,&nbsp;Fatma Esen,&nbsp;Banu Cetin","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09518-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09518-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, surface water samples were collected simultaneously from seven different sampling sites over a 12-month period in Bursa, Türkiye, and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to determine their levels, dissolved/particulate phase distributions, and potential pollutant sources. Throughout the sampling period, the concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑₁₆PAHs) and 41 PCBs (∑₄₁PCBs) in the dissolved and particulate phases were found to be 365.3 ± 302.3 µg/L (average ± SD) and 116.7 ± 92.0 µg/L, and 53.8 ± 54.7 ng/L and 92.8 ± 59.3 ng/L, respectively. For both pollutant groups, the lowest concentrations were measured at background and semi-urban sampling sites, while the highest ones were observed in industrial and agricultural areas. Regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between logK_D and logK_OW for 16 PAHs and 7 indicator PCBs congeners. Weak correlations were observed for both chemical groups, indicating that logK_OW alone may not accurately predict partitioning behaviors. Phase distributions are likely influenced by other factors such as organic fraction of particle matter, water temperatures, surface flow rates and physical and chemical properties. Ring distributions and molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs) were employed to determine the source of PAHs, while homolog group distributions were utilized to identify the sources of PCBs for both dissolved and particulate phases. According to these analyses, the primary sources of PAHs were pyrogenic, coal and biomass combustion and traffic emissions, whereas industrial and agricultural activities were identified as the main sources of PCBs for both phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-09518-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Source of CDOM in Gehu Lake, Taihu Basin, China","authors":"Cheng Gu,&nbsp;Tao Song,&nbsp;Jiehong Cheng,&nbsp;Xiangen Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09536-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09536-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is a key factor affecting the optical properties and ecosystem of shallow lakes. However, comprehensive understanding of its spatiotemporal distribution, sources and interactions with environmental factors is limited. This study combined 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) and UV–visible spectroscopy to investigate CDOM structural characteristics and sources in Gehu Lake, a typical shallow lake in China’s Taihu Basin. The research findings indicate: The Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (FDOM) of Gehu Lake water consist of three types: C1 (λ_Ex/λ_Em = 255, 350 nm/455 nm) (UVC Humic-like), C2 (λ_Ex/λ_Em = 255, 300 nm/385 nm) (UVA Humic-like), and C3 (λ_Ex/λ_Em = 275 nm/325 nm) (tryptophan-like). During the High Water Period (HWP), CDOM exhibits high concentrations, high humic degree, and a predominance of macromolecular structures. In the Low Water Period (LWP), CDOM is characterized by low concentrations, low humic, and a predominance of small-molecule structures. During the Normal Water Period (NWP), all characteristics fall between those of HWP and LWP. The composition and structure of CDOM in Gehu Lake are primarily influenced by external inputs and internal releases. During HWP, the sources of CDOM are influenced by both internal and external factors, while During NWP, internal release is the primary contributor. During LWP, CDOM sources are primarily external inputs. This study clearly reveals the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and influencing factors of the structure and sources of CDOM in Gehu Lake, providing crucial scientific evidence for deepening our understanding of the geochemical cycling processes of CDOM in shallow lakes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Physico-Chemical and Ecological Risk Assessment of Inland Wetlands in Tamil Nadu, India Reveals Nutrient-Driven Ecological Stress","authors":"Praveen Arjunan,&nbsp;Saranya Kuppusamy,&nbsp;Kanmani Sellappa","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09484-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09484-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated ten inland wetlands in Tamil Nadu, India during May–July 2025 using a depth-integrated, multi-matrix (water–sediment-soil) assessment framework combining physico-chemical characterization, ecological risk indices and multivariate statistical modelling to identify dominant pollution stressors and inform sustainable wetland management. Water, sediment and soil samples were analysed following APHA (2017) standard methods. The integrated framework incorporated contamination factor, pollution load index, potential ecological risk index, geo-accumulation index, contamination degree, Pearson correlation, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test, Bartlett’s test of sphericity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to quantify contamination status, evaluate ecological risk and enable cross-matrix source apportionment. Surface waters exhibited neutral to mildly brackish conditions. Severe oxygen depletion (DO: 0.1–4.0 mg/L), accompanied by elevated biological oxygen demand (0.17–4.5 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (43.2–420.2 mg/L), indicated organic loading and ecological stress. Dissolved nutrient concentrations were generally within Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board guideline limits (TN: 0.1–6.34 mg/L; TP: 0.09–0.45 mg/L). In contrast, sediments and soils functioned as substantial nutrient reservoirs, with TN and TP reaching 5,387 and 32.5 mg/kg, respectively, reflecting long-term accumulation and legacy loading and underscoring the dominance of internal nutrient cycling. Metal concentrations in water were below detection limits, indicating minimal toxicological risk. Multivariate analysis demonstrated strong coupling among water, sediment and soil variables, particularly among EC, salinity, total dissolved solids, soil organic carbon, TN and TP. PCA indicated that most metals were predominantly lithogenic in origin, whereas Cd behaved as a distinct anthropogenic tracer across matrices. Ecological risk indices revealed generally low to moderate contamination, with localized hotspots. The results delineate a functional continuum in which surface waters act as transport pathways, sediments serve as geochemical sinks and soils integrate cumulative anthropogenic inputs. Internal nutrient cycling and organic matter accumulation emerged as the principal ecological stressors, while metal-related risks remained spatially limited. These findings emphasize the need for nutrient-focused, site-specific management and provide risk-informed evidence to support adaptive strategies for enhancing the long-term resilience of Tamil Nadu’s inland wetlands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summer Hydrodynamics as a Dual Driver of Microplastic Retention and Settling in Shallow Water Columns","authors":"Hassan Elagami,&nbsp;Pouyan Ahmadi,&nbsp;Jan H. Fleckenstein,&nbsp;Christoph K. Thomas,&nbsp;Wolfgang Babel,&nbsp;Marco La Capra,&nbsp;Sven Frei,&nbsp;Benjamin S. Gilfedder","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09551-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09551-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In shallow lakes, wind-driven turbulence and thermally induced convection control water mixing. Together, and depending on depth, they interact with microplastic (MP) settling to determine how particles are distributed throughout the water column. To investigate these processes, two MP addition experiments were conducted in a 112 m³ aquatic mesocosm during summer using 1–5 µm microspheres. High resolution data on MP concentrations, water velocities, wind speeds, and water and air temperatures were collected. Additionally, using OpenFOAM, a three-dimensional CFD model incorporating fluid–particle interactions was configurated to quantitatively interpret the experimental data of MP transport. The results indicated that although Stokes’ settling velocity predicted MP would take up to 182 days to reach the mesocosm bottom, MP of all sizes was detected just above the bed (3 m) within only 3 days. The vertical distribution of MP, characterized using the Péclet number (Pé, settling velocity/turbulent diffusion), increased with depth but remained &lt; 1. In the near-surface layer (&lt; 0.25 m), approximately 10% of MP remained in suspension by forced convection (wind-induced turbulence) and particle–fluid interactions. Free convection dominated MP transport between 0.25 and 3 m depth. Pé values &lt; 1 indicate that, despite increasing gravitational settling with depth, free convection remains the dominant process. These results demonstrate that MP transport in shallow water columns is not governed by gravitational settling alone but is fundamentally controlled by the interplay of wind-driven turbulence and thermally induced convection. This generates depth-dependent mixing regimes and redistributes MP across the water column, increasing the likelihood of exposure to aquatic organisms at all depths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-09551-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of saccharin by a newly isolated bacterium Achromobacter sp. strain TJ-1 reduces its toxicity to HepG2 cells","authors":"Ke Zhijian,&nbsp;Zhong Wenjia,&nbsp;Wang Mengting,&nbsp;Mao Haiguang,&nbsp;Qi Lili,&nbsp;Wang Jinbo","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09533-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09533-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Saccharin, a widely used artificial sweetener, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence and bioaccumulation. The investigation involved the isolation of a new strain of saccharin-degrading bacteria, <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. strain TJ-1. The strain TJ-1 completely degraded 50 mg·L⁻¹ of saccharin in 6 h, using its compound II for growth. Sucrose as carbon source and peptone as nitrogen source at 30 °C and pH 7.0 were found to be optimal for degradation. Metabolite analysis using HPLC–MS/MS proposed catechol as an intermediate which was further metabolized. Furthermore, strain TJ-1 could completely degrade 5 mg·L⁻¹ saccharin in natural water within 6 d. Toxicity assays in HepG2 cells revealed that the degradation by strain TJ-1 significantly attenuated saccharin-induced toxicity. While transient catechol accumulation temporarily compromises cell viability, prolonged incubation with the TJ-1 strain restores cellular survival by mediating further catechol catabolism, preventing toxic accumulation and alleviating cytotoxicity. These results highlight the potent detoxification mechanism of the TJ-1 strain. This study provides the first evidence of <i>Achromobacter</i>-mediated saccharin degradation, offering a promising bioremediation strategy for saccharin-contaminated environments and addressing emerging concerns about artificial sweetener pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the Paradox: Biodegradable Plastics as a Double-Edged Sword in Environmental Pollution","authors":"Sangita Yadav,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Manickam Selvaraj,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Assiri,&nbsp;Suresh Gotekar,&nbsp;Navish Kataria","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09538-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09538-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of discarded plastics contributes significantly to white pollution and biomagnification, positioning biodegradable plastics as a promising alternative. Currently, bioplastics account for less than 1% of total plastic production, with global production capacity projected to increase from 2.47 million tonnes in 2024 to 5.73 million tonnes by 2029. Notably, 34% of these bioplastics consist of non-biodegradable polymers. Although bioplastics are designed for degradation, many do not completely decompose and may fragment into bio-microplastics (BMPs), thereby raising further environmental concerns. This study provides a comprehensive narrative analysis of the corpus of existing literature to evaluate research trends concerning the degradation, environmental distribution, and toxicological consequences of bioplastics. Data were collected from the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases covering the period from 2010 to 2025. The review addresses critical knowledge gaps by analyzing the degradation behavior of bioplastics (BP), techniques for the identification and quantification of BMPs, the ecotoxicological effects of BMPs across various environmental compartments, and the influence of co-occurring pollutants. Findings showed that bioplastics can pose a significant risk of microplastic contamination. Furthermore, BPs may exacerbate broader environmental issues, including food security, ozone depletion, and climate change. Despite the fact that bioplastics are frequently thought of as environmentally safe substitutes, this review highlights their present drawbacks and possible side effects. Therefore, further long-term research is essential to elucidate the biological fate of degradation intermediates and final products, as well as their interactions with natural ecosystems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity of Mineral-enriched Biochars in Growth Promotion of Endophyte in Leaves under as Stress","authors":"Versha Pandey,&nbsp;Ranu Yadav,&nbsp;Sweta Yadav,&nbsp;Anupama Singh,&nbsp;Disha Mishra,&nbsp;Pooja Singh,&nbsp;Binoy K. Saikia,&nbsp;Puja Khare","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09534-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09534-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The four mineral-enriched (Ca and P) biochar formulations (MEBCs) prepared from the waste of <i>Saccharum officinarum</i> (BGF), <i>Cymbopogon flexuosus</i> (LGF), <i>Mentha arvensis</i> (MTF), and <i>Oryza sativa</i> (PDF) were sprayed on <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (Burm. f.) Nees grown in arsenic (As) contaminated soil. Their potential to promote the growth of endophytes in plants and to reduce the As uptake was examined. All MEBCs were more porous than pristine biochar and showed variation in nutrient content, particle size distribution The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed the presence of calcite (CaCO₃), calcium pyrophosphate (γ-Ca₂P₂O₇), calcium phosphates (Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / CaHPO₄, whitlockite (Ca,Mg)₃(PO₄)₂ and struvite-K (MgKPO₄·6H₂O). The mineral phases of Ca and P were varied in different formulations. The MEBCs spray decreases in As concentrations from 12—75% in plant tissues and reduced its subcellular distribution in organelle portion. The spray of BGF was more effective for reduction in As accumulation and improvement in plant growth. The presence of two endophytes <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> and <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> strain C40 ITI was observed in the leaves and root of <i>A. paniculata</i> BGF and PDF treatments in As contaminated soil. The viability of these isolates was associated with the mineral content of biochars and mineral phases. The both strains have potential to volatilize As. Only <i>P. stutzeri</i> has potential to oxidize AsIII to AsV. <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> formed biofilm in presence of As. The SEM–EDX, FTIR, and XPS analysis of biofilm formed by <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> suggested oxidation and binding of As with the surface functional group of biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the biofilm formed by <i>P. stutzeri</i> indicated the oxidation of As and its binding to the surface functional groups of the biofilm. Results showed that bioavailability of mineral phases of Ca and P on MEBCs surface play important role in As immobilization and endophyte growth. The combine effect of MEBCs and endophyte growth in plant could be the reason for lower accumulation of As and growth in plant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt Sites as Electron Transfer Hubs in Medium-entropy FeCoMnZnCu@NC: Driving Multi-site Cooperation for Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation","authors":"Jia Ma,&nbsp;Mingyao Yuan,&nbsp;Rui Cao,&nbsp;Na Huang,&nbsp;Zhenxing Zeng,&nbsp;Yanzong Zhang,&nbsp;Shihuai Deng,&nbsp;Xiaojing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09552-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09552-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived strategy was adopted to fabricate a medium-entropy material (MEM), FeCoMnZnCu@NC, realizing atomic-level dispersion of multiple metal species and the in-situ formation of N-doped carbon matrix, which collectively provided abundant and stable active sites. The FeCoMnZnCu@NC peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system achieved a 99.7% degradation rate of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (ξ) in water within 200 s, which maintained no less than 90.0% even in various water environments. Experimental results combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the increased electron delocalization not only improved catalyst stability, but also created a multi-site cooperative effect under the synergistic effect of providing a rapid electron transfer hub at Co site. Moreover, selective singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the dominant active species. This work not only proposed a synthesis strategy for constructing MEM but also shed new light on the internal mechanism from both micro and macro perspectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated Carbon Derived from Lippia alba Leaves for the Removal of Lead (II) Ions and Basic Fuchsin Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Machine Learning Driven Optimization and Its Potential in CO2 Capture","authors":"Suprakash Rabha,&nbsp;Taibur Rahman,&nbsp;Tapabrat Thakuria,&nbsp;Kaushik Barman,&nbsp;Lipi B. Mahanta,&nbsp;Arundhuti Devi","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-09544-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-09544-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concurrent elimination of both inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater, along with rising atmospheric CO₂ levels, presents a major environmental challenge. This study introduces an eco-friendly activated carbon derived from <i>Lippia alba</i> leaves (LAAC) as a novel multifunctional adsorbent capable of removing Pb²⁺ ions, basic fuchsin dye, and capturing CO₂. The synthesized LAAC was systematically characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TGA, FTIR, BET-BJH analysis, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration for the removal study of metal ion and dye. Adsorption of both Pb²⁺ and basic fuchsin followed the Freundlich isotherm,  while maximum monolayer adsorption capacities  were 141.47 mg/g and 60.39 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo second order model, while thermodynamic results indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. To further enhance process efficiency, ten machine learning algorithms were employed to optimize adsorption conditions and improve predictive accuracy. Additionally, LAAC demonstrated a notable CO₂ adsorption capacity of 58.58 cm³/g at 288 K, highlighting its potential in atmospheric carbon capture. Overall, the study establishes <i>Lippia alba</i> based activated carbon as a sustainable and efficient material for simultaneous wastewater treatment and CO₂ mitigation, offering a promising pathway toward green and integrated environmental remediation technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}