Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Thermally Stable Psyllium Husk/4,4´-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate-Based Polyurethanes for Effective and Selective Removal of Cationic Dyes","authors":"Kriti,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar,&nbsp;Sunita Ranote,&nbsp;Ghanshyam S. Chauhan,&nbsp;Sandeep Chauhan,&nbsp;Sapna Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07913-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07913-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dye-laden toxic wastewater generated from textile industries creates a huge problem of toxicity and disposal. Novel research involves biopolymer-based adsorption as the most commonly used remedial method. Herein, a novel psyllium-based polyurethane foam (Psy-PUF) adsorbent was synthesized through polyaddition reaction with 4,4´-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO 33-LV, as the catalyst), triethanolamine (as the co-catalyst), silicone oil (as a surfactant), and orange peel powder (as a filler) to eliminate dye pollutants. Psy-PUF was characterized using several techniques. The TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) showed the significant thermal stability of the synthesized Psy-PUF with the final decomposition temperature of 841 °C showing a tremendous increase compared to 601.9 °C for untreated psyllium. Psy-PUF was studied as an adsorbent in binary dye mixtures including cationic and anionic dyes, and the best-adsorbed dyes i.e., malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) were studied. Psy-PUF demonstrated rapid adsorption with 56.38% (MG) and 61.02% (CV) adsorbed only within 20 min, reaching 96.04% and 93.58% for MG and CV, respectively, within 60 min. The adsorption of MG and CV followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with respective R² values of 0.98747 and 0.98685. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of Psy-PUF aligned with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating <i>q</i>_<i>m</i> of 229.35 mg. g⁻¹ for MG and 223.71 mg. g⁻¹ for CV. Psy-PUF exhibited remarkable regeneration for up to ten cycles with cumulative adsorption capacities (<i>q</i>_<i>max</i><i>)</i> of 801.4 mg. g⁻¹ and 760.3 mg. g⁻¹ for MG and CV. Thus Psy-PUF is an economically viable, eco-friendly, biodegradable, and recyclable adsorbent, for removing harmful cationic dyes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Impact of New Pollutant Perfluorooctanoic Acid On the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes","authors":"Sai Liu,&nbsp;Wei Song,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang,&nbsp;Xing Chen,&nbsp;Jun Ding,&nbsp;Yu Xia","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07898-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07898-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an emerging contaminant, is frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants. However, the impact of PFOA on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes in wastewater treatment and the associated mechanisms remain poorly characterized. To address this knowledge gap, a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated under mesophilic conditions to systematically evaluate the effects of PFOA on EBPR performance, sludge properties, and microbial metabolic functions. The results demonstrated that low PFOA concentrations (≤ 0.5 mg/L) enhanced the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients. However, at concentrations exceeding 0.5 mg/L, COD and phosphate removal efficiencies declined markedly, whereas ammonia nitrogen removal was not significantly inhibited. High concentrations of PFOA decreased the metabolic transformation of COD and phosphate during the typical cycle, reduced the synthesis of intracellular polymer polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), but stimulated glycogen metabolism. High concentrations of PFOA decreased the specific oxygen uptake rate but increased the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), collectively impairing microbial metabolic activity. These findings advance the understanding of PFOA’s environmental fate in wastewater systems and offer novel mechanistic insights into its interference with EBPR performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Pollutants in Surface Water with Laboratory Analysis and Satellite Image Between 2019 and 2024, Kichik Chai River, Iran","authors":"Abolfazl Jamali,&nbsp;Mohammad Ebrahim Ramazani,&nbsp;Arezoo Nejaei,&nbsp;Omid Rafieyan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07808-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07808-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research, conducted between 2019 and 2024, aims to analyze the changing process in the water quality parameters of the Kichik Chai River. It employs laboratory analysis methods, interprets satellite images using ENVI software, and simulates conditions using the QUAL2Kw model to determine compliance with water quality standards. Three methods, namely the water quality index, Piper, and Scholler, were employed to assess the water quality. The investigation into heavy metal concentrations in the Kichik Chai River revealed an increase in pH, total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS), along with a slight decrease in turbidity and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). In the 2024 satellite images, the highest and lowest errors were recorded at stations 4 and 2, respectively, while in the 2019 satellite images, the highest errors were at stations 2, 1, and 4. Furthermore, an analysis of actual pollutant sources in the Kichik Chai River watershed using taxonomy methods across six sampling stations and examining fifteen effective parameters indicated that the locations of the waste material dump, copper production complex, and mine acid water drainage had pollution potential scores of 0.862, 0.726, and 0.705, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mariculture Sludge Modifies Archaeal Community Diversity, Reduces Archaeal Variability, and Enhances Nitrogen Cycling Capacity in Paddy Soil","authors":"Junchi Pan,&nbsp;Yajing Li,&nbsp;Yuehang Hu,&nbsp;Qiongfen Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07906-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07906-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the increasing nitrogen losses in paddy soils associated with rice cultivation, this study employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of different concentrations of mariculture sludge on archaeal communities and nitrogen-cycling microorganisms. Mariculture sludge can enhance the α diversity of archaeal communities in paddy soil. The relative abundances of numerous archaeal taxa, such as Euryarchaeota and Woesearchaeota, were markedly higher in soils with the application of mariculture sludge than in those without mariculture sludge treatment, and the taxonomical distribution was significantly correlated with salinity, pH, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and TN. In terms of microecology, the application of mariculture sludge to paddy soil influenced the assembly of the archaeal community through deterministic processes; the average variation degree of the archaeal community decreased; and the predicted archaeal functions shifted toward nucleoside and nucleotide synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and carbohydrate synthesis. Mariculture sludge application resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of the <i>mcrA</i> gene (methane production) and decreases in the abundance of the <i>amoA</i>, <i>pmoA</i>, and <i>mmoX</i> genes (methane metabolism). Overall, mariculture sludge application enriched the archaeal community, reduced archaeal community variability and increased the potential for nitrogen cycling and biosynthesis in paddy soils. These results offer insights into the potential of mariculture sludge as an organic amendment for sustainable soil management, although further study is needed to assess its long-term effects on greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soil ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biogenic and Chemically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) and their Impact on Seed Germination of Vigna radiata","authors":"Fatima Batool,&nbsp;Faisal Mahmood,&nbsp;Ans Mahmood,&nbsp;Tanvir Shahzad,&nbsp;Sabir Hussain","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07937-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07937-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water and soil receiving discharges from textile industries can have a high concentration of toxic dyes, heavy metals, and other harmful pollutants. Treating that effluent prior to discharge can enhance water quality for agricultural purposes and improve crop nutrition while lowering environmental and human health risks. This study focused on the synthesis of biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO(B)-NPs) using <i>Conocarpus erectus</i> leaf extract and comparing their catalytic efficiency with chemically synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO(C)-NPs). The UV–Vis spectroscopy showed the absorption peaks of FeO(B)-NPs and FeO(C)-NPs at 273 and 356 nm, respectively. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the attachment of various functional groups on the surface of nanomaterials. The SEM images determined the irregular granular and spherical shape of both FeO-NPs. While XRD analysis confirmed the typical cubic-like crystalline nature of particles with an average size of 29 nm and 43 nm for FeO(B)-NPs and FeO(C)-NPs, respectively. Both FeO-NPs were further used for treatment of synthetic and textile wastewater, significantly reducing TDS, color intensity, sulfate, phosphate, COD and Cr-concentration. However, FeO(B)-NPs showed higher effectiveness than FeO(C)-NPs being more efficient at reducing the impact of wastewater by increasing the photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, and Carotenoids) and germination parameters (50% Seed Germination, Germination%, MET, EI and CUE) of <i>Vigna radiata</i>. FeO(B)-NPs enhanced the germination by 42% and chlorophyll content by 89%, as compared to FeO(C)-NPs which resulted an increase of 14% and 86%, respectively, under textile effluent stress. The findings of current study suggest that biosynthesized FeO-NPs have the potential to offer a green solution for the treatment of textile wastewater while reducing the harmful impact of wastewater on seed germination of <i>Vigna radiata</i>, thus promoting sustainable plant growth and increasing crop yield.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Physiological Responses of Rye (Secale cereale L.) to Aluminum Chloride and Freeze–Thaw Stress with Citric Acid as a Resilience Enhancer","authors":"Khalid Bashir,&nbsp;Guozhang Bao,&nbsp;Shoujat Ali,&nbsp;Kaino Wycliffe Yano,&nbsp;Lingzhi Tian,&nbsp;Yunqi Jiang,&nbsp;Cunxin Fan,&nbsp;Guomei Li","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07905-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07905-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freeze–thaw cycles and aluminum chloride are significant environmental stressors, particularly in northern regions. The study explores how exogenous citric acid (CA), can mitigate the negative effects of freeze–thaw (FT) and aluminum (Al) stress. Conducted in tray pots with nutrient solution under controlled lab conditions, the experiment examines the impact of CA (150 µM) on growth, antioxidant systems, osmolyte accumulation, and photosynthetic activity under Al stress (200 µM). Results show that Al stress inhibits growth, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causes membrane peroxidation, activating antioxidant defenses. CA treatment counteracts Al-induced growth inhibition by reducing ROS and boosting antioxidant activity. Under Al and combined Al + FT stress, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (SP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) increased, while net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) declined. CA reversed these effects, raising Pn and Tr and lowering MDA levels. This indicates that CA enhances rye seedling tolerance by strengthening osmotic regulation and antioxidant enzymes, aiding resilience under Al and FT stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Transport of Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in Solution in Alkaline Soil and their Simultaneous Immobilization","authors":"Zhiqiao Shi,&nbsp;Jiawen Ding,&nbsp;Tingyu Ni,&nbsp;Zhuhong Ding","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07939-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07939-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The co-transport of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) in alkaline soil under different soil characteristics and hydrological/hydrochemical variables and immobilization of aqueous and soilborne Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in alkaline soil were investigated. Ni(II) transport was more sensitive to soil particle size and influent pH than Cr(VI). Humic acid (HA) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) reduced the transport of Ni(II) more obviously, compared with Cr(VI). Reduction and adsorption were responsible for the retention of Cr(VI) in treatments with HA and Fe₃O₄, while complexation and electrostatic attraction dominated in the retention of Ni(II). The increase of IS to 16 mmol/L increased Cr(VI) penetration with 8.8%, and a low pH favored the removal of Cr(VI) but impaired that of Ni(II). Soil barriers spiked with HA + Fe⁰ was efficient in retaining about 93.8% Cr(VI) and 94.3% Ni(II) from influent. The reaction of HA and Fe₃O₄ with Cr(VI) was much slower than Fe⁰ in mixed Cr(VI)/Ni(II) solution. Cr and Ni in co-contaminated soil could be effectively stabilized by 5% Fe⁰ and 5% HA + 5% Fe⁰ groups, converting them from easy-mobile species to more stable species. The leaching experiments of the soil at the 30th day after the remediation showed that there was little amount of Cr, Ni and Fe was washed by deionized water in HA + Fe⁰ treatment. Therefore, soil characteristics and hydrological/hydrochemical variables have significantly different impacts on Cr(VI) and Ni(II) transport in alkaline soil, which should be considered seriously in their risk assessment and the pollution control. Furthermore, HA + Fe⁰ is a promising approach in long-term immobilization of Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in their co-polluted soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogas Utilization and Water Reuse in Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment: A Life Cycle Analysis","authors":"Thuy Thi Vu,&nbsp;Chih-Feng Huang,&nbsp;Hao Anh Phan,&nbsp;Thuy Thi Ngoc Bach,&nbsp;Panyue Zhang,&nbsp;Ha Manh Bui","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07915-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07915-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employs a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of a paper mill wastewater treatment plant. Our investigation extends to comparing the eco-efficiency of utilizing biogas versus flaring it during wastewater treatment from Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and explores the reuse of treated water within the production system. The ReCiPe (H) v1.13 method was applied to assess impact categories such as Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Human Toxicity. The results showed a substantial reduction in environmental indicators by reusing biogas and treated water, highlighting the potential for sustainable practices in the paper industry. Transitioning from traditional methods to advanced technologies significantly lowers pollution indicators, aligning with global sustainability goals. Moreover, CO₂ emissions decrease fourfold when adopting innovative treatment technologies. These findings underscore the economic and environmental benefits of embracing advanced wastewater treatment, providing valuable insights for sustainable water management practices in the paper industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Strategy for Antibiotic Removal from Wastewater: Dopamine-Modified Fe3O4@C@DA Composite Nanomaterial Adsorbent","authors":"Xiangnan Zhang,&nbsp;Junhan Dai,&nbsp;Jie Ding,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Yuye Zhang,&nbsp;Hongbo Li,&nbsp;Na Li","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07931-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07931-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The persistent presence of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems poses severe risks to environmental and human health. Herein, we report a novel dopamine-modified Fe₃O₄@C@DA nanocomposite synthesized via covalent amidation for efficient antibiotic removal. The material’s core–shell structure integrates Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a carbon matrix, functionalized by dopamine to enhance hydrophilicity and stability. Comprehensive characterization confirmed successful dopamine grafting, yielding a superparamagnetic adsorbent (41.0 emu/g). The adsorbent demonstrated exceptional performance for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC), achieving maximum capacities of 42.5 mg/g (CIP) and 28.4 mg/g (TC). Kinetic studies revealed rapid equilibration within 8 h (CIP) and 6 h (TC), well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² &gt; 0.999), while Langmuir isotherms (R² &gt; 0.98) indicated monolayer chemisorption dominated by hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and electrostatic attraction. Remarkably, the material retained &gt; 60% adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles. This work advances antibiotic remediation by synergizing covalent functionalization, multi-mechanistic adsorption, and scalable design, offering a sustainable solution for water purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Oil-Contaminated Wastewater Purification with Aluminum Coagulants","authors":"Valerija Gruzinova,&nbsp;Valentin Romanovski","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07928-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07928-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to optimize the coagulation parameters for treating oil-contaminated wastewater using aluminum coagulants, specifically aluminum sulfate and aluminum hydroxychloride. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency and behavior of these coagulants under various conditions. Results showed that the slow hydrolysis and low dissociation rate of aluminum sulfate prolonged floc formation and sedimentation time, creating fine flocs with low hydraulic size that contributed to secondary water pollution. In contrast, aluminum hydroxychloride formed larger, more porous flocs with higher hydraulic size, resulting in faster sedimentation and more efficient removal of oil contaminants. The sedimentation time remained consistent (67–72 min) with aluminum hydroxychloride, whereas it increased significantly (125–229 min) with aluminum sulfate, indicating the latter’s lower efficiency due to the formation of small, suspended flocs. Moreover, aluminum hydroxychloride showed a reduced tendency to lower the pH of the treated water, suggesting a more complete hydrolysis process compared to aluminum sulfate. Experimental findings established that using aluminum hydroxychloride increased coagulation and sedimentation rates by 2–3 times, reduced sediment volume by 1.5 times, and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency, achieving 98.6% removal of suspended solids and 93.6% removal of oil products. Optimal coagulation conditions were identified as a coagulant dose of 21 mg/L, coagulation time of 10 min, and settling time of 60 min. A key contribution of this work is the establishment of regression equations and correlation coefficients that quantitatively describe the relationships between critical process parameters, such as coagulant dose, coagulation time, initial concentration of oil products and suspended solids, and pollutant removal efficiency. The study concludes that aluminum hydroxychloride is a superior coagulant for oil-contaminated wastewater treatment, providing faster, more effective, and stable purification performance compared to aluminum sulfate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07928-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}