Cost – Effective Protectants to Alleviate Ozone Stress on Rice Cultivars

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-08583-x

Ramesh Poornima, Periyasamy Dhevagi, Mathaiyan Uma Gowri, Srirangarayan Subramanian Rakesh, Ambikapathi Ramya, Muthunalliappan Maheswari, Naman Sharma, Priyatharshini Sengottiyan, Raveendra Gnana Keerthi Sahasa

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Application of antiozonants significantly alleviates the phytotoxicity due to ozone stress; yet a cost effective antiozonant is still unexplored. This study aims to evaluate cost effective antiozonants to alleviate the ozone stress in rice cultivars at field condition. An experiment was conducted at a tropospheric ozone hotspot region (Gummidipundi, Tamil Nadu) utilizing two rice cultivars with differing sensitivity to ozone; sensitive (TRY(R)2) and tolerant (Anna(R)4) alongside three different antiozonants (Ethylene diurea (EDU), neem coated urea (NCU) and ascorbic acid (AsA)). Results indicated monthly variations in ozone (O₃) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) concentrations. The O₃ stress was more pronounced during the flowering stage particularly in the ozone sensitive cultivar. Besides EDU, foliar application of 1% AsA significantly increased stomatal conductance (29.54%) and chlorophyll content (41.29%) in the sensitive cultivar, while 1% NCU enhanced yield attributes including number of effective tillers (10), panicle length (15.25 cm), number of spikelets per panicle (81), number of filled spikelets per panicle (73), grain yield (5041 kg ha⁻¹) and harvest index (0.61). The application of protectants also improved the grain quality in rice cultivars. Furthermore, 1% NCU demonstrated the highest benefit–cost ratios (1.03 for tolerant and 1.46 for sensitive cultivars) and exhibited high energy productivity (0.01 kg MJ⁻¹) and net energy gain (35465 MJ ha⁻¹). These findings verify that 1% NCU is a cost-effective and energy-efficient foliar treatment in regions with high tropospheric ozone levels. Attention on the dose–response relationship for protection and exploring additional abiotic stressors to gain in-depth understanding of the plant response would be more focused in future research.

Graphical Abstract

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经济有效的保护剂减轻臭氧对水稻品种的危害

抗臭氧剂的应用显著减轻了臭氧胁迫对植物的毒性；然而，一种经济有效的抗臭氧剂仍未被开发出来。本研究旨在评价在田间条件下经济有效的抗臭氧剂以缓解水稻品种的臭氧胁迫。利用对臭氧敏感性不同的两种水稻品种，在泰米尔纳德邦（Tamil Nadu）的对流层臭氧热点地区Gummidipundi进行了试验；对三种不同的抗臭氧剂（乙烯二脲（EDU）、印楝包覆尿素（NCU）和抗坏血酸（AsA））敏感（TRY(R)2）和耐受（Anna(R)4）。结果显示臭氧（O3）和氮氧化物（NOx）浓度的月变化。臭氧胁迫在开花阶段更为明显，特别是臭氧敏感品种。除EDU外，叶面施用1% AsA显著提高了敏感品种气孔导度（29.54%）和叶绿素含量（41.29%），1% NCU显著提高了有效分蘖数（10）、穗长（15.25 cm）、每穗颖花数（81）、每穗实粒数（73）、籽粒产量（5041 kg ha−1）和收获指数（0.61）。保护剂的施用也改善了水稻品种的籽粒品质。此外，1% NCU表现出最高的效益成本比（耐受性品种为1.03，敏感性品种为1.46），并表现出较高的能量生产力（0.01 kg MJ−1）和净能量增益（35465 MJ ha−1）。这些发现证实，在对流层臭氧水平高的地区，1% NCU是一种经济高效的叶面处理方法。在未来的研究中，我们将更加关注保护的剂量-反应关系，并探索更多的非生物胁迫源，以深入了解植物的反应。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.