Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

{"title":"A rapid method for pixel-wise categorization and quantification of typical solid wastes using hyperspectral imaging and lightweight convolutional neural network","authors":"Tingwei Wu,&nbsp;Pinjing He,&nbsp;Dongying Lan,&nbsp;Fan Lü,&nbsp;Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00307-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00307-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and timely determination of solid waste composition, categories, and dimensions is vital for effective waste management. However, significant challenges in identifying and sorting diverse, contaminated, and stacked solid waste persist. This study integrates hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with the improved lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), FreeNet, to enhance waste identification accuracy and efficiency. To facilitate real-world industrial applications, the model architecture was optimized to support efficient batch training on large-scale datasets. The 10-fold cross-validation strategy and grid search strategy were further employed to ensure model stability, and data augmentation was used to enhance hyperspectral image utilization. After training on a self-generated dataset with 10 typical solid wastes (specifically including wood, paper, fabric, plastic, rubber, leather, sponge filler, concrete aggregate, tile, and metal), the model demonstrated superior performance. Experimental results indicate that FreeNet achieves an ultra-fast inference speed of 4 ms per image, which is significantly faster than the 523 ms of the baseline model, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). In terms of classification accuracy, FreeNet achieved a weighted F1-score of 94.04%, outperforming XGBoost (92.42%). Furthermore, FreeNet attained a weighted intersection over union (IoU) score of 89.37% (compared to XGBoost’s 86.79%), showcasing its superior capability for pixel-wise representation of waste areas. Therefore, the fusion of HSI and lightweight CNN holds promising potential for real-time waste identification, providing a robust solution for addressing waste pollution challenges through advanced technologies. This manuscript represents a pioneering application of integrating advanced HSI with lightweight CNN in the field of intelligent solid waste characterization, which holds substantial promise for advancing the field of waste management toward intelligent and efficient waste sorting and treatment strategies. Furthermore, this work also contributes to helping related researchers understand how HSI can be used to measure and examine waste pollutants non-destructively in different scenes and can provide in-situ and real-time intelligent identification.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"483 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green conversion of coal gangue acid leaching residue into a K2Si4O9 fertilizer material: a sustainable strategy for solid waste upcycling","authors":"Junli Zhang,&nbsp;Zhumei Sun,&nbsp;Yucen Gao,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Yanfang Chai,&nbsp;Haifang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00306-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00306-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal gangue acid leaching residue (CG-alr) is a large solid waste generated during the extraction of aluminum-containing resources from coal gangue (CG), and its high-value-added resource utilization faces challenges. This study proposes a two-step strategy, which is high-temperature thermal alkali activation (1100 °C and 0.5 h) and low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis (95 °C and 30 h), to efficiently convert CG-alr into silicon–potassium compound fertilizer (SPCF) with a gradient structure. The system optimized three key parameters: KOH concentration, SiO₂-to-K₂O mass ratio, and reaction time. Under the optimal conditions (55% KOH concentrarion, SiO₂:K₂O=1:5, reaction time of 30 h), a silicon conversion rate of 99.64% was achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the product is mainly composed of layered potassium tetrasilicate (K₂Si₄O₉), accompanied by a small amount of kalsilite (KAlSiO₄). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that for the first time, the unique gradient structure of SPCF particles: the surface is a water-soluble potassium-rich layer (K₂CO₃), and the bulk phase is a well-crystallized layered silicandate (K₂Si₄O₉+KAlSiO₄), which lays a theoretical foundation for the synergistic supply of potassium through “surface quick-acting &amp; bulk slow-release”. The environmental safety assessment shows that the heavy metal content in SPCF is below the detection limit and meets the national agricultural standards. This study not only provides a new approach for the efficient resource utilization of CG-alr but also reveals a gradient structure that provides a scientific basis for the development of new slow-release SPCF.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":"433 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications","authors":"Sathish Thanikodi,&nbsp;Rathinasamy Saravanan,&nbsp;Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah,&nbsp;Jaloladdin Rajabov,&nbsp;Ramya Maranan,&nbsp;Arul Gnana Dhas Anderson,&nbsp;Arumugam Thanikasalam","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00303-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00303-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the booming sustainable thermal energy storage (TES) materials and an increasing concern about the environmental issues accompanying organic waste disposal, eco-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) are being sought in an increasingly competitive race. The valorization of waste cooking oil (WCO) and coconut coir into bio-composite PCM for a sustainable TES application is demonstrated in this study. The significance of this research is to efficiently convert two abundant agro-industrial wastes into high-performance thermal storage materials; it meets the concept of the circular economy and reduces the dependence on petroleum-derived PCMs. The WCO-to-coconut coir (<i>W</i>/<i>C</i>) ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were used to fabricate composite PCM samples, which were then characterized for their thermophysical properties. The 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM among the formulations showed an optimum performance compared to other compositions, and maximum latent heat storage with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting peak of 31.1 mW and solidification peak of −21.5 mW was obtained. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased up to 0.972 W/(m·K) at 60 °C and the specific heat increased from 1.78 kJ/(kg·K) to 1.97 kJ/(kg·K) and confirmed good shape stability through leakage tests. The TG results showed prominent thermal resistance with almost 99.9% weight retention even at temperatures as high as 50 °C. In addition, this composite PCM still maintained approximately 96.8% thermal stability under a range of 500 heating–cooling cycles, indicating its durable performance. These results render the 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM a potential long lifetime, affordable and sustainable total bio-based PCMs for solar-thermal collectors, heat exchangers and low-grade energy storage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"663 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segregation inhibition and performance enhancement of low carbon large-volume cast stone from molten silicomanganese slag","authors":"Yi Huang,&nbsp;Zhixiang Xiao,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Shenghan Pan,&nbsp;Daqiang Cang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00301-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00301-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integrated utilization of energy and materials from pyrometallurgical slags (&gt;1 billion tonnes per year globally) remains a universal challenge. This study converted 1600 °C molten silicomanganese slag (SMS) into the low-carbon large-volume cast stone (1.50 m×0.45 m×0.65 m) in tonne-scale field experiments by optimizing its heat treatment regime (10 h crystallization holding at 900 °C, furnace cooling), processable into building slabs. The results show that controlling the internal temperature gradient of molten slag during solidification and crystallization is feasible for preparing cast stone with uniform overall properties. A rapid heating process was adopted in optimized tests, avoiding secondary heating of slag at the mold edge and keeping the global temperature of cast stones stable within the 900–1100 °C crystallization range, thus achieving synchronized crystallization and inhibiting segregation. The optimized cast stone exhibited enhanced overall compositional uniformity with reduced mass fraction standard deviations (<i>σ</i>_m) of CaO (from 1.05% to 0.18%, mass fraction) and SiO₂ (from 0.77% to 0.19%), and a more homogeneous size and distribution of crystals. Consequently, stress and crack formation were suppressed, and the standard deviations of flexural and compressive strengths (<i>σ</i>_s) dropped from 23.70 and 116.06 to 6.17 and 22.99 MPa, respectively. This novel producing process of slag-based cast stone cut CO₂ emissions by 79.5% vs. traditional processes, promoting industrial molten slag recycling and carbon emission reduction via efficient synergistic utilization of its heat and materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"695 - 711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving biomethane production from co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste through inoculum mixtures and recirculation of liquid biofertilizer","authors":"Daniela dos Santos Santana,&nbsp;Jonathan da Cunha Teixeira,&nbsp;Maria Odete Holanda Mariano,&nbsp;José Fernando Thome Jucá","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the energy recovery potential of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) from the Pernambuco Supply and Logistics Center (CEASA-PE) through anaerobic digestion (AD), aiming to increase biomethane production by using different inoculum mixtures and recirculating stabilized liquid biofertilizer (BIO). Combinations of digestate (R3), cattle rumen content (RU), and sewage sludge (SS) were tested using a mixture experimental design based on the simplex-centroid method and response surface methodology, which allowed us to systematically evaluate the interactions between the inocula and identify optimal proportions to produce biomethane. The experiments were conducted in an Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II) under mesophilic conditions, with an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 2:1 on a volatile solids (VS) basis and an organic load of 3.0384 g VS. The combination of 25% BIO and 75% RU provided the highest biomethane yield, reaching 453.1 NmL/g VS, approximately four times higher than the positive control. The mixture of 25% BIO and 75% R3 resulted in 256.7 NmL/g VS, about 2.5 times the control. The first-order and modified Gompertz kinetic models showed good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the statistical modeling revealed that the special cubic model obtained the best fit (<i>R</i>² ~0.98, <i>E</i>_RMSE ~8.07 NmL/g VS), demonstrating significant synergistic effects between the components. Additionally, based on the amount of FVW generated at CEASA-PE, a deterministic analysis of potential generation of 124 MWh per month in electricity was performed. The probabilistic analysis via Monte Carlo simulation estimated an electricity generation potential of approximately 1.0 GWh/a for CEASA-PE. The results confirm the technical and energetic viability of using optimized inoculum mixtures for the valorization of urban organic waste in decentralized systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"613 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of waste barbecue ash and bamboo biochar as sustainable scaffolds for high-conductivity phase change materials","authors":"Chaoen Li,&nbsp;Chengzhi Guo,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wen,&nbsp;JingJing Shao,&nbsp;Wei Cai,&nbsp;Jiayu Wu,&nbsp;Mei Zhao,&nbsp;Yin Tang,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Dongjing Liu,&nbsp;Yang He,&nbsp;Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00304-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00304-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops high-performance shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCMs) by valorizing waste bamboo charcoal ash (BCA) and bamboo biochar (BB) as porous scaffolds. N-octadecane was encapsulated via vacuum infiltration, with expanded graphite (EG) added to enhance thermal conductivity. Characterization results reveal that BCA’s mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 9.46 nm) enables a superior phase change material (PCM) loading of 55% (mass fraction) compared to BB (50%). The optimized composites exhibit high latent heat capacities (up to 124.2 J/g) and a tenfold increase in thermal conductivity (reaching 1.68 W/(m·K)). Notably, the BCA-based SSPCMs demonstrate excellent thermal reliability, maintain stability after 600 thermal cycles, and reduce supercooling by 36% due to the nucleation effect of inorganic ash residues. This work offers a sustainable, low-cost pathway for converting biomass waste into efficient energy storage materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"645 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and characterization of microbial consortia for biodegradation of high-salt and high-oil food waste","authors":"Meng Wang,&nbsp;Lirong Xia,&nbsp;Minghui Yang,&nbsp;Hua Yang,&nbsp;Zhongsheng Tang,&nbsp;Yebao Chen,&nbsp;Siming Zhu,&nbsp;Junlin Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00294-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00294-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food waste, characterized by high salinity and oil content, resists biodegradation, making conventional disposal methods inefficient. This study aimed to screen microbial strains tolerant to these conditions to enhance degradation efficiency. Strains were isolated from food waste, followed by gradient screening for salt/oil tolerance and amylase activity. Four efficient degraders were obtained: <i>Kocuria</i> sp. (M1-1), <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i> (M3-2), <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (Y4-2), and <i>Trichosporon</i> sp. (Y4-4), all exhibiting high stress tolerance, amylase production, and emulsifying ability. In simulated fermentation, the bacterial-fungal consortium (bacteria:fungi=1:2; 2% inoculum) achieved a high dry weight reduction within five days, with the E₄/E₆ ratio indicating resource recovery potential. This tailored consortium synergistically degrades high-salt-oil food waste, providing key microbial resources and a scientific basis for advancing industrial-scale biotreatment and green waste-management strategies.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"599 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-kinetic and reactivity analysis of rice husk and its macromolecular constituents during thermochemical conversion for sustainable valorization","authors":"Hamado Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Yohan Richardson,&nbsp;María González Martínez,&nbsp;Sayon dit Sadio Sidibe,&nbsp;Ange Nzihou","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00297-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00297-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice husk (RH), an abundant agricultural by-product, offers significant potential for sustainable energy generation and material recovery due to its lignocellulosic composition and high silica content. We conducted a detailed thermo-kinetic analysis of RH under inert and oxidative atmospheres. Initial characterization showed that RH is primarily composed of cellulose (56.6%, mass fraction), lignin (30.3%), and hemicellulose (7.5%), with a high ash content (25.2%) dominated by silica (SiO₂: 254086.65 mg/kg). This makes RH a valuable source of amorphous silica, though it may cause slagging, fouling, and maintenance challenges in high-temperature thermochemical systems. Under combustion, oxygen accelerated devolatilization, resulting in higher mass loss, lower activation energies (99.09–114.95 kJ/mol), and faster kinetics compared to pyrolysis (hemicellulose: 4.06–29.17 kJ/mol; cellulose: 158.80–188.71 kJ/mol; lignin: 61.43–79.81 kJ/mol). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that oxidation promoted more ordered transition states and reduced energy barriers, enhancing the conversion efficiency. Performance indices were introduced to evaluate combustibility, ignition, and reactor safety. During pyrolysis, RH components transitioned from diffusion- or nucleation-controlled kinetics at low conversions to reaction-order control at higher conversions. Combustion initially followed chemical control, shifted to diffusion-limited kinetics as char and ash accumulated, and reverted to chemical control during residual carbon oxidation. Lignin displayed complex, multi-step kinetics under both conditions. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of RH thermal behavior, supporting the design of more efficient and safer thermochemical systems and valorization strategies, including energy recovery, biochar, syngas generation, and amorphous silica extraction for sustainable bio-based industries.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"547 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA) in corrosion inhibitor wastewater on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of Chlorella pyrenoidosa","authors":"Dongwei Jia,&nbsp;Jun Cheng,&nbsp;Junchen Xu,&nbsp;Shiwei Qin,&nbsp;Xiangbo Zou,&nbsp;Mumin Rao,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Wanlin Liu,&nbsp;Ruhan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00298-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00298-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reutilize corrosion inhibitor wastewater in various industries for microalgae cultivation, the toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA), a common and refractory pollutant, on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> (<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>) were first investigated. When the BTA concentration increased from 0 to 400 mg/L, <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> cells became more wrinkled and broken. This structural damage led to an increase in cell fractal dimensions, a higher ratio of cell fragments, and elevated levels of humic-like substances in soluble extracellular polymeric substances. Due to the toxicity of BTA, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased substantially, indicating severe lipid peroxidation. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, proteomic analysis was employed, revealing that BTA significantly downregulated key components like the D1 protein and photosynthetic antenna pathways. Consequently, when exposed to higher BTA concentrations (≥300 mg/L), the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic oxygen release rates markedly decreased. Furthermore, the synthesis of pigments was severely inhibited at these concentrations, resulting in a drastic reduction in overall microalgal biomass production. Instead, upregulated DNA replication and sulfur assimilation indicated the activation of cellular tolerance mechanisms under moderate stress. However, exposure to 100 mg/L BTA exhibited lower toxicity toward chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment synthesis, leading to a marginal decrease in biomass production rather than severe inhibition. Therefore, wastewater containing low concentrations of BTA can be effectively utilized for practical microalgae cultivation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"627 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of non-fired bricks from granite washing sludge and other solid wastes by hydration reaction","authors":"Zilong Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen,&nbsp;Tingting Xiao,&nbsp;Hong Zhou,&nbsp;Zhiquan Pan,&nbsp;Hanjun Wu,&nbsp;Xuyang Fan","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00291-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00291-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study utilized granite washing sludge (GWS) as the primary raw material, supplemented by quicklime (CaO), cement, phosphogypsum, and silica fume for the preparation of non-fired bricks. At the optimum ratio of GWS:CaO:cement:phosphogypsum:silica fume of 55:5:5:25:10, the non-fired bricks produced after 28 d of natural curing, reached a compressive strength of 15.04 MPa with a density of 1580 kg/m³ and a hollow ratio of 0.93%, having a higher stability with only 2% strength loss after soaking in water for 4 d. The compressive strength reached 17.80 MPa after 35 d. These properties meet the requirements for the MU15 strength grade specified in standard JC/T 422-2007. The hydration process was effectively described by the Avrami model, revealing a transition from an initial reaction-controlled stage to a subsequent diffusion-controlled stage. Microstructural and chemical characterization were obtained through microstructural and chemical characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that GWS, synergistically interacting with multiple supplementary solid wastes, undergoes crystalline phase reconstruction. This process leads to the formation of interlaced platy, needle/rod-like crystalline phases of ettringite (AFt), calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H). These microstructures interpenetrate and are tightly bonded within the geopolymeric network of the non-fired bricks, enhancing their mechanical strength while effectively immobilizing the heavy metal constituents within the brick matrix.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"677 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}