Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

{"title":"Heavy metal stabilization and alkalis neutralization in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using acid washing coupled with chelating agents","authors":"Tong Tian,&nbsp;Yaji Huang,&nbsp;Yixuan Xiao,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li,&nbsp;Hu Pan,&nbsp;Zenghui Li,&nbsp;Qi Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00234-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00234-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal stabilization and alkali neutralization are crucial for the management of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). In this study, the effects of oxalic acid (OA) and citric acid (CA) washing on heavy metal migration and alkali changes were investigated. Besides, three agents were selected to stabilize acid-washed fly ash (FA), and the effects of heavy metal stabilization under different disposal environments and the changes in their form distributions were comparatively analyzed. The experimental results demonstrated that with increasing organic acid concentration, the amount of Cd and Pb extracted from MSWI FA increased, whereas the amount of alkalis tended to decrease. Moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metals and the percentage of unstable forms increased after acid washing. The alkalis content in the products decreased to 7.91–8.75 after stabilization, which met the standards of hazardous waste landfills. Compared with other agents, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) exhibited excellent heavy metal stabilization performance. After the addition of 1% DDTC, the leaching concentrations of Cd and Pb decreased to values lower than the national standard limit. Additionally, the curing rates of Cd and Pb were greater than 98% under the two leaching conditions. With the addition of DDTC, the percentage of stable forms increased, and the percentages of stable Cd and Pb forms increased to 87.68% and 99.03%, respectively, after treatment with 2% DDTC. The above results corroborated that CA coupled with DDTC stabilization can significantly reduce Cd and Pb toxicity and neutralize alkalinity in FA.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"273 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing grounding systems: effects of agro-based biochar used as backfill materials","authors":"Jemima Akoto,&nbsp;Solomon Nunoo,&nbsp;James Ransford Dankwah","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00224-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00224-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agro-waste biochar is gradually emerging as a greener and effective means of enhancing the effectiveness of grounding systems. Yet, only a few of such wastes have been empirically assessed as ground enhancing materials. In this study, field-based soil resistivity and resistance to ground (RTG) value monitoring was used to assess the potential of biochar of coconut husk, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk as alternate ground enhancing materials vis-a-vis their susceptibility to seasonal variation and mode of application. The result of this study shows that the applied treatments exerted significant improvement (<i>P</i>-value≤0.05) in soil resistance and zone of influence values with the latter ranging less than 1 m for the clayey soil and equal of more than 2 m in the sandy soil. These effects of the study treatments were significantly influenced by time. A notable finding of this study is that rainfall and high moisture results in physical breakdown of biochar. This has significant implications for the use of treatment and the mode of application of treatment. Treatment, time, and mode of application of treatment played significant and interdependent role in reducing soil resistivity. These factors contributed to over 83% improvement of RTG values. This result suggests that though treatment, time and mode of application of treatment are major factors determining the effectiveness of ground enhancing materials, other confounding variables (e.g. method of carbonizing the waste, physical and chemical properties of the biochar) are also important determinants and must engender future research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":"495 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dye wastewater reuse: energy storage strategies for supercapacitors","authors":"Shan Song,&nbsp;Rongna Chen,&nbsp;Tianxiao Xie,&nbsp;Yide Luo,&nbsp;Zongtai Zhou,&nbsp;Junshuang Zhou,&nbsp;Faming Gao","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00237-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00237-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supercapacitors have attracted much attention because of their fast charging and discharging characteristics, and the development of high-efficiency carbon materials plays a crucial role in improving the performance and application of supercapacitors. The strategy of “killing two birds with one stone” to achieve dye wastewater treatment and improve the pseudo-capacitance of electrode materials provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for dye wastewater treatment. This work successfully used a simple one-step hydrothermal method of attaching dye molecules to glucose-derived carbon to treat dye wastewater and effectively used the functional groups in the dye molecules. Moreover, the structural agglomeration caused by hydrothermal carbonation was resolved, and the reticulated dye molecules improved the continuity within the material and provided additional channels for ion transport. The mixture was then annealed with NH₄F at high temperature, and the NH₄F activation introduced nitrogen atoms into the carbon material, increasing the electrical conductivity of the material and etching the surface of the material, increasing the number of active sites on the material. The optimum carbon material has a specific surface area of 727.09 m² g⁻¹, and the percentage of heteroatoms increases from 5.37% to 13.87%, an increase of 158.29%. In a three-electrode system with 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH as the electrolyte and a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, the material shows a specific capacitance of 191.5 F g⁻¹ and good multiplicative performance (77.4% capacitance retention after increasing the current to 20 times that of 0.5 A g⁻¹) as well as stability (essentially no change in capacitance after 5000 cycles).</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":"509 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative resource utilization of sludge and red mud: development of in-situ magnetic and floatable biochar for the adsorption of basic fuchsin","authors":"Jing Guo,&nbsp;Peizu Liu,&nbsp;Kai Cui,&nbsp;Dongsheng Feng,&nbsp;Junming Yi,&nbsp;Huidong Li","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00238-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00238-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of sustainable adsorbents that integrate low-cost separation and high contaminant removal efficiency remains a critical challenge in wastewater treatment. This study engineered a sludge-based magnetic floatable particle adsorbent (SMFA-800-0.5) through synergistic co-pyrolysis of municipal sludge, red mud, and hollow glass microspheres (HGM) for the removal of basic fuchsin (BF) from dye wastewater. The results indicated that the dual-function separation approach utilizing Fe₃O₄ in situ formation from red mud (magnetization of 8.24 A·m⁻¹) enables excellent recovery efficiency, eliminating the need for external Fe precursors, while the integration of HGM provides a self-floating capability with 76% surface retention over 3 h. The sludge-derived carbon matrix, enhanced by HGM’s structural support, provides hierarchical pores with a Bruner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 57.98 m²·g⁻¹. The addition of bentonite clay effectively addresses powder dispersion issues in flow systems. This material demonstrates superior adsorption performance, achieving a capacity of 106.72 mg·g⁻¹ for BF via pseudo-first-order kinetics. The enhanced adsorption performance is driven by multi-mechanism synergies, including electrostatic attraction and pore filling. This work pioneers a “zero-external-input, dual-recovery” paradigm for sustainable dye removal.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":"421 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiative properties of CuO-CoSO4 nanofluids and their performance in solar photovoltaic/thermal systems","authors":"Gan He,&nbsp;Shiquan Shan,&nbsp;Guijia Zhang,&nbsp;Haojin Wu,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00241-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00241-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient utilization of solar energy can be achieved by coupling photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal (PT) technologies to harness the full spectrum of solar radiation. In this work, a new type of CuO-CoSO₄ nanofluid was proposed, and its performance in a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system was studied. CuO-CoSO₄ nanofluids with different concentrations were prepared by two-step method, and their optical properties and stability were characterized. The experimental results show that the 50 mg/L CuO-CoSO₄ nanofluid has high transmittance in the ideal optical window of silicon cells (650–1040 nm), with an average transmittance of 67.58%, and higher absorptivity in the short waveband and infrared bands (280–650 nm and 1040–2500 nm), with an average absorptance of 68.52%, effectively realizing spectrum splitting. By establishing a performance analysis model for the nanofluid-based spectral splitting PV/T system, the electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and total efficiency of the system at different concentrations were calculated, and the Merit function (MF) was introduced to comprehensively evaluate the system performance. The results show that the CuO-CoSO₄ nanofluid has the best spectral splitting performance when the CuO concentration is 50 mg/L. The system achieves an electrical efficiency of 14.46%, a thermal efficiency of 37.60%, and a system efficiency of 52.06%. The MF value reaches 1.2851, indicating a 28.51% improvement over traditional PV systems. This study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application and optimization of nanofluids in PV/T systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":"409 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical waste management: navigating the challenges to achieve the promise of sustainable development goal 3","authors":"Varsha Prakash Shetty,&nbsp;Sadanand Dangari Akshay,&nbsp;Barani Devi Thilai,&nbsp;Vijaya Kumar Deekshit","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00231-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00231-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The United Nations has endorsed the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which has necessitated decades of efforts by countries worldwide to attain the principal goals by 2030. The primary objective is to achieve SDG 3, which aims to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance and diseases caused by biomedical waste (BMW), including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other communicable diseases. Targets 3.3 and 3.9 of SDG 3 significantly emphasize mitigating global health concerns to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. Considering the enormous quantities of BMW generated by these systems, the safe disposal of BMW requires special attention. BMW management presents a multitude of challenges for both developed and underdeveloped countries, especially South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, where rapid urbanization, high population densities, and expanding healthcare services have contributed to a significant increase in BMW generation. According to official statistics, approximately 884.1 t of BMW are generated daily by the SAARC countries, particularly India, which generates the largest quantities of BMW (619 t/d), highlighting the urgent need for action to resolve the issue of proper BMW disposal. Severe policy gridlock, limited surveillance data, inadequate oversight, and insufficient caution regarding BMW disposal pose a significant threat to humans, animals, and the environment. The direct disposal of antibiotic medications into the soil and surface water bodies has resulted in the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which decreases the effectiveness of available treatments. This review assessed the progress made by SAARC countries in achieving SDG 3 by examining the various environmental and human health effects associated with BMW, with the objective of improving BMW management.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"303 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel development of VWMoTi@PTFE catalytic filter for simultaneous elimination of chlorobenzene and furan at low temperatures","authors":"Juan Qiu,&nbsp;Xuanhao Guo,&nbsp;Guanjie Wang,&nbsp;Minghui Tang,&nbsp;Yaqi Peng,&nbsp;Shengyong Lu,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00239-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00239-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) and dust from municipal solid waste incineration flue gas within a single device can improve operational efficiency and reduce costs. In this study, a catalytic filter was developed using ultrasonic immersion and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane fixation, combining a blank PTFE and VO_<i>x</i>/TiO₂ catalyst. Chlorobenzene (CB) and furan were selected as model molecules for PCDD/Fs. A series of VO_<i>x</i>/TiO₂ catalysts were synthesized through a mechanochemical method, with different types and ratios of components tested. Among these catalysts, the VWMoTi catalyst demonstrated the highest CB removal efficiency (RE), reaching over 85% at temperatures below 200 °C. The VWMoTi catalyst was impregnated into a PTFE filter for the catalytic combustion of CB and furan. The process parameters, including the catalyst loading and catalyst particle size, were analyzed. The physicochemical properties of the catalytic filter were extensively characterized. The catalytic activity of CB, furan, and dust removal performance of the catalytic filters was investigated. At 240 °C, the RE values of CB and furan were 70.82% and 100%, respectively, whereas the RE of dust reached 99.99%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":"371 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-to-electricity conversion technologies: a review","authors":"Babusi Balopi,&nbsp;Mahluli Moyo,&nbsp;Joshua Gorimbo,&nbsp;Xinying Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00226-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00226-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to promote the use of biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels, this review aims to survey the literature to identify technologies used to generate electricity from biomass. The main biomass conversion technologies, including combustion, biomass gasification, biomass pyrolysis, co-firing biomass with coal, anaerobic digestion and biomass fermentation, have been successfully used to generate electricity from different types of biomass. As opposed to fossil fuels, using biomass to generate electricity has a lower carbon footprint, which is eco-friendly over fossil fuels. This review introduces mature biomass-to-electricity technologies, compares the maturity of those technologies, identifies challenges that impede the use of the technologies to decentralise electricity supply from national grids, and then provides future perspectives and concluding remarks on the biomass-to-electricity conversion technologies with the potential to eliminate the shortage of electricity in remote settlements. The identified challenges that hinder the implementation of biomass-to-electricity technologies are low biomass collection efficiency, utilization of biomass which competes with low-cost fossil fuels, competition for land used for food production, and poor implementation of policies to encourage implementation of biomass-to-electricity technologies. In addition, the financial challenges can be significant as investment costs to establish advanced technologies for biomass energy systems can be relatively high, and ongoing expenses for regular maintenance and monitoring are also substantial to ensure optimal performance to mitigate environmental issues.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"323 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-025-00226-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewage sludge and incineration ash mixed with different materials for manufacturing bricks: a review","authors":"Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00232-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00232-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increasing amounts of sewage sludge (SS) every year, the treatment of sewage SS and sewage sludge ash (SSA) has become an urgent and inevitable issue worldwide. The use of these wastes in building bricks seems to be an alternative solution. The main oxides in SS and SSA are the same as those in clay, such as SiO₂ (10.00%–45.00%), CaO (5.00%–15.00%), Al₂O₃ (10.00%–15.00%) and Fe₂O₃ (5.00%–15.00%), indicating that these wastes have potential for building bricks. By investigating the various uses of SS, an increase of up to 20.00% in utilization can be achieved. A high incineration temperature enhances the stable performance of SSA, increasing the amount of SSA added to bricks. Moreover, mixing agricultural and industrial wastes, which contain low moisture contents or high silica contents, can improve the thermal insulation performance or mechanical strength of bricks. The performance of additive directionally modified bricks has expanded the use of bricks. The solidification of heavy metals by SS avoids secondary pollution of the environment. Finally, the above innovative studies provide suggestions for future high-value production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"287 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recycling of subway tunnel muck: a low alkalinity cementitious material for ecological concrete preparation","authors":"Daien Yang,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Fushen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00230-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00230-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ecological concrete (EC) has received special attention recently, but its application has been largely limited by the high alkalinity caused by cement. In this study, a novel low alkalinity cementitious material (cementitious material developed from subway tunnel muck, S-CM) was developed from subway tunnel muck (STM). STM was activated by ball milling and the optimal time was 2 h. It was found that the solubilities of Si and Al of STM were enhanced by 1.74 and 2.36 times after mechanical activation. The leaching kinetics of Si and Al could be well described by Avrami model. The activated STM was a reactant in the cementitious system, and the higher Si and Al solubilities led to better gel generation. S-CM-2h exhibited a denser structure with lower porosity (34.88%), higher density (1.67 g/mL) and fewer macropores. The compressive strength of S-CM saw a notable increase from 4.06 to 10.14 MPa as a result of the denser microstructure and enhanced gel generation. Further study indicated that S-CM had much better environmental compatibility than sulphoaluminate cement in EC preparation. EC developed from S-CM had a 13.8% lower alkalinity, better root growth and a 47.5% higher dry weight of plants than EC developed from cement. This study provides a new approach for high value-added recycling of STM.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"243 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}