环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"First record of a nematode-induced floral gall in Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Spach (Berberidaceae): its effects on flower structure","authors":"Najmeh Hosseini,&nbsp;Farkhondeh Rezanejad","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02008-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02008-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant galls are newly formed structures that develop due to the influence of gall-inducing organisms, providing them with shelter, protection, and nourishment. The most commonly studied galls are caused by insects. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) induce gall formation in various parts of plants, primarily targeting the roots. Reports on their effects on aerial parts, especially flowers, are rare. In this study, floral galls induced by <i>Ditylenchus</i> sp. (Anguinidae) in <i>Bongardia chrysogonum</i> (L.) Spach (Berberidaceae) were introduced for first time. The structural traits of galls were analyzed using microscopic studies. The levels of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Intact flowers had thin sepals and petals with 3–5 cell layers, tetrasporangiate anthers, and a thin pleated gynoecium, while the galled floral parts lacked morphological and anatomical similarity to the intact organs. These galling organisms triggered the regeneration and reorganization of floral parts, leading to abnormal and swollen growths. The number of modified floral whorls in produced gall ranged from 1 to 3, indicating that nematode infection affected some or all floral organs. Microscopic sections of all galls showed homogeneous parenchyma with large intercellular spaces, lacking a gall chamber, and containing numerous nematodes within the tissue. Galled flowers showed red–purple coloration and higher phenolic compound concentrations than normal flowers, as revealed by cytochemical and biochemical analyses. The reorganization of floral parts and the large intercellular spaces can be used for nematode survival and dispersal. High levels of phenolic compounds suggested host plant defense against the nematode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Porous Fe3O4/Fe@C Composites Derived from MIL-88(Fe) Loaded with ZIF-8 for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal via Synergistic Adsorption and Reduction","authors":"Dongyu Xie,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yingxue Wang,&nbsp;Mengxin Zhao,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Mei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08463-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08463-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel hierarchical Fe₃O₄/Fe@C@ZIF-8 composite, which synergistically combined ZIF-8’s superior adsorption capacity with the redox reactivity of the Fe₃O₄/Fe@C core, was synthesized for Cr(VI) synergistic adsorption-reduction. The composite demonstrated remarkable Cr(VI) removal efficiency, achieving 94.27% elimination from aqueous solutions (initial concentration: 30 mg·L⁻¹) under optimized conditions (dosage: 0.6 g·L⁻¹, pH 4.0, 30 ℃). Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses revealed the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicative of monolayer chemisorption with spontaneous and endothermic characteristics. Mechanistic investigations unveiled a synergistic remediation mechanism: the protonated nitrogen moieties within ZIF-8 enabled electrostatic capture of Cr(VI) oxyanions, which subsequently diffused through ZIF-8’s hierarchical pores to access the Fe₃O₄/Fe@C core; the adsorbed Cr(VI) ions were partially reduced to Cr(III) by Fe⁰, Fe²⁺, and C via intercomponent electron transfer, accompanied by the formation of Fe(III). Consequently, the resulting Cr(III) ions co-precipitated with Fe(III), forming amorphous hydroxide complexes that adhered to the surface of Fe₃O₄/Fe@C@ZIF-8, thereby effectuating the elimination of Cr species from the aqueous environment. Overall, the combination of adsorption, redox transformation, and magnetic separability positioned Fe₃O₄/Fe@C@ZIF-8 as a promising candidate for heavy metal remediation, providing new insights into MOF-based composite design for environmental applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial decomposition capacity and soil properties under moderate warming in a natural forest in the Asian monsoon region","authors":"Masahiro Nakamura,&nbsp;Chisato Terada,&nbsp;Atsushi Takaki,&nbsp;Yuri Kanno,&nbsp;TaeOh Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02015-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil warming increases carbon emissions by enhancing soil microbial activity. However, only few soil warming experiments have been conducted in the Asian monsoon region (warmer temperate regions with very high precipitation) compared with those conducted in Europe and North America. Hence, in this study, we conducted a soil warming experiment using electric heating cables and solar-powered energy systems in a natural forest in central Japan (Asian monsoon region) to determine the effects of moderate soil warming (1.2 °C increase) on soil properties and microbial decomposition capacity. EcoPlate analysis was used to assess the multifunctionality (MF) of soil microbial decomposition capacity across 31 carbon substrates. MF was significantly higher in the warming plots than in the control plots. When each carbon substrate group was evaluated separately, the MF of labile substrates, such as carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, were significantly higher in the warming plots than in the control plots. Thus, the ordination plot, which was created by performing db-RDA (Distance-based redundancy analysis, constrained ordination of the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)) with Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, showed differences in the microbial functional composition between the warming and control plots. Moderate soil warming did not cause soil drying; however, it significantly increased soil moisture. Our experimental results demonstrated that moderate soil warming enhanced carbon substrate decomposition by microorganisms and increased soil moisture during the initial decomposition stage in the Asian monsoon region.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Palygorskite on Coagulation of Humic Acid Simulated Wastewater and Membrane Fouling in Following Ultrafiltration Process","authors":"Houquan Tang,&nbsp;Chunli Xue,&nbsp;Xiaomei Lu,&nbsp;Yanpeng Chen,&nbsp;Fengzhe Yan,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08493-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08493-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research addresses the issues of inadequate treatment efficiency and significant pollution of subsequent ultrafiltration membranes caused by traditional inorganic–organic composite flocculants in the treatment of humic acid wastewater. The mechanism by which palygorskite as an auxiliary in enhancing the efficacy of humic acid removal and controlling membrane contamination was systematically investigated. As auxiliaries of inorganic–organic compound flocculants for humic acid removal from water bodies, palygorskite was added into simulated humic acid wastewater with different raw turbidity. By adjusting the dosage of flocculants, the ideal combination for humic acid removal was determined. Results revealed that turbidity/HA removal increased by &gt; 25% in low-turbidity water (&lt; 10 NTU), achieving 90% reduction. Floc size grew 55% with 11% higher density, accelerating settling by 41%. UF flux decline dropped 63% due to denser flocs and reduced pore-blocking precursors. Furthermore, Mechanistically, palygorskite provided nucleation sites for sweep flocculation, enhanced charge neutralization (zeta potential: -0.8 mV), and enabled 50% PFC dosage reduction. Critically, benefits plateaued beyond 10 mg/L, and efficacy declined in high-turbidity scenarios. Certain dosage of palygorskite (10 mg/L) can also reduce the internal and external membrane resistance forces. Palygorskite optimizes coagulation-UF for low-turbidity HA removal but requires strict dosage control. It offers significant operational savings (reduced coagulant/membrane maintenance) when tuned to water matrix constraint. These results demonstrate palygorskite’s dual role as both a coagulant aid and anti-fouling agent, offering a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers for membrane-based water treatment. Its natural abundance and chemical stability position it as a viable solution for scaling up fouling-resistant filtration systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuation of Metals by Geothermal Muds: A Case Study from the Copahue System","authors":"Micaela Gallicet,&nbsp;Micaela Sanchez,&nbsp;Betina Gramisci,&nbsp;Miria Baschini,&nbsp;María Sofía Urbieta","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08484-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08484-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geothermal systems, characterized by unique physicochemical conditions, are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in various fields of biotechnology. However, the specific role of geothermal muds in the natural attenuation of metal contaminants, particularly through adsorption, remains largely unexplored. This study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating the heavy metal retention capacity of four distinct geothermal muds from the Copahue system (Argentina), a region affected by geogenic contamination. Our objective was to characterize their mineralogical composition, geochemical properties, and adsorption efficiency for Cd, Cu, and Cr to elucidate the underlying attenuation mechanisms. Through comprehensive physicochemical analyses (e.g., XRD, XRF, CEC) and batch adsorption experiments, we found that Copahue geothermal muds, rich in clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite, illite) and amorphous iron oxides, exhibit a remarkable capacity to sorb dissolved metals. The muds demonstrated high removal efficiencies, achieving up to 98% for Cd, 96% for Cu, and 99% for Cr under optimal conditions. Adsorption isotherm modelling revealed that both Langmuir and Freundlich models adequately describe the metal uptake, suggesting a combination of monolayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces and surface precipitation. Cation exchange capacity and the presence of hydroxylated mineral surfaces were identified as key factors influencing metal retention. These findings highlight the significant potential of geothermal muds as effective natural sorbents, contributing to the immobilization and natural attenuation of heavy metals in active geothermal environments. The study provides novel insights into the biogeochemical cycling of metals in these unique systems and underscores the importance of these natural processes for environmental protection. Furthermore, the demonstrated high adsorption capacities suggest a promising avenue for exploring the application of these geogenic materials in passive remediation strategies for metal-contaminated waters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Z-scheme CdS/CoMoO4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants","authors":"Meng Lan,&nbsp;Diya Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Dong,&nbsp;Nan Zheng,&nbsp;Jialin Gou,&nbsp;Yujun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08457-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08457-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How to inhibit the photogenerated carrier recombination for enhancing the photocatalytic properties of semiconductor is still a key scientific problem to be solved. In this study, a novel Z-scheme CdS/CoMoO₄ (CdS/CMO) heterojunction photocatalyts were constructed by a two-step hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic degradation properties of CdS/CMO heterojunction photocatalysts for RhB was significantly enhanced compared to CdS and CoMoO₄. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency could be credited to the expanding visible light absorption and construction of Z-scheme heterojunction. This work demonstrates a novel Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for the highly effective removal of organic dyes, providing fresh ideas for water purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Adsorption of Cyanide From Highly Concentrated Sulphate and Thiocyanate Wastewater","authors":"Xiaoge Wang,&nbsp;Binchuan Li,&nbsp;Daxue Fu,&nbsp;Yongfeng Chang,&nbsp;Shuang Cui,&nbsp;Kuiren Liu,&nbsp;Xiaocai He,&nbsp;Jianshe Chen,&nbsp;Qing Han","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08459-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08459-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyanide is a toxic pollutant and widely exists in the wastewater of gold smelters. With highly concentrated sulphate and thiocyanate, attaining selective removal of cyanide is an important task. In this paper, we prepared a zinc-based magnetic Layered Double Oxide (LDO) adsorbent for cyanide removal, named ZnAl-LDO/CoFe₂O₄. The adsorption product was subjected to pyrolysis to achieve complete removal of cyanide and regeneration of the adsorbent. With ferrocyanide as adsorbate, the maximum adsorption capacity of ZnAl-LDO/CoFe₂O₄ for total cyanide was 691.9 mg/g. Three kinds of cyanide-containing wastewater from a gold smelter were treated respectively, and the total cyanide concentration in the wastewater reached the emission standard (&lt; 0.5 mg/L). The mechanism of ferrocyanide adsorption were surface complexation and the generation of Zn₂Fe(CN)₆·3H₂O. The pyrolysis of the adsorption products allows the recovery of Zn in the form of Zn (g). The unreacted ZnAl-LDO in the product retains its original morphology and has a superior adsorption performance. Under optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity of the pyrolysis product was 223.6 mg/g.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manuscript Number: WATE-D-25–01270 Veterinary Medicines: An Emerging Threat to Soil, Water, and Plants","authors":"Yashwant Sompura,&nbsp;Upma Bhatt,&nbsp;Sunita Parihar,&nbsp;Vineet Soni","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08447-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08447-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Veterinary medicines (VMs), extensively applied in livestock to manage and prevent diseases, are now recognized as emerging environmental pollutants due to their durability and ability to spread within ecosystems. A large portion of these substances is not fully metabolized by animals and is subsequently released into the environment through manure and runoff, leading to contamination of both soil and water resources. These pharmaceutical residues can negatively impact soil microbial diversity, disturb nutrient dynamics, and hinder plant development and physiological processes. Some antibiotics and antiparasitic agents are known to be toxic to plants, impairing seed germination, decreasing biomass, and triggering oxidative stress. Their accumulation in the environment raises additional concerns about bioaccumulation and movement through the food chain, which could indirectly threaten food quality and human health. Persistent compounds like tetracyclines (TET), sulfonamides (SA), and ivermectin (IVM) can remain in agricultural soils and infiltrate aquatic systems, compromising soil health and water quality. Despite growing awareness of their ecological effects, there is still a lack of adequate regulations and monitoring systems in many regions. Therefore, it is essential to adopt sustainable waste management approaches, enhance treatment technologies, and enforce stricter policies to minimize the environmental impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) and safeguard agroecosystem integrity (Figure 1).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Sn and Pt Doping and Co-doping on the Photocatalytic Efficiency of Zirconia for Degradation of Acid Yellow-76","authors":"Mian Hussain Shah,&nbsp;Saima Sadiq,&nbsp;Umar Wahab,&nbsp;Inam Ullah,&nbsp;Sardar Hussain,&nbsp;Nasr Ullah,&nbsp;Safiullah Khan,&nbsp;Zaffar Iqbal,&nbsp;Muhammad Ismail,&nbsp;Aadil Nabi Chishti,&nbsp;Muhammad Sadiq","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08397-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08397-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monoclinic zirconia (ZrO₂) and Sn/Pt doped or co-doped zirconia (Pt@ZrO₂, Sn@ZrO₂, Sn/Pt@ZrO₂) were prepared through a microwave-assisted protocol. The synthesized materials were characterized and tested for their ability to degrade Acid Yellow 76 (AY-76) under UV (blue) and visible (green) light. TEM and HRTEM analysis were performed to investigate particle size, lattice spacing and elemental mapping. It was observed that lattice fringes of ZrO₂ show alteration by incorporation of metals (Sn, Pt and both) due to defect phenomena, which is responsible for enhancing photocatalysis. SEM micrographs showed that ZrO₂ particles has a smooth morphology. Fluctuation in the rate of photo-degradation of AY-76 with different reaction parameters were investigated. The results indicated that, under optimal reaction conditions; substrate solution (10 mL), concentration (10 ppm), catalyst (0.15 g), pH (6–8), oxidant (H₂O₂: 2 mL), stirring (1200 rpm), time (90 min) and temperature 333 K, Sn/Pt@ZrO₂ demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity towards AY-76 degradation. Experimental data showed best fit to first order kinetic model (R² = 0.9422) with apparent rate constant 2.3 × 10^–3 min⁻¹. Furthermore, DFT simulations and experiments confirmed the reduction in the band gap energy (E_g) of ZrO₂ with doping of Sn and Pt, which enhanced its photocatalytic activity. Overall, the findings offer insight into the potential use of synthesized catalysts as a more effective alternative to prevailing wastewater treatment processes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique pathological phalangeal fusion in the chalicothere subfamily Chalicotheriinae and the interphalangeal immobilization in chalicotheres","authors":"Panagiotis Kampouridis,&nbsp;Christina Kyriakouli,&nbsp;Gabriel de Souza Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chalicotheres are bizarre extinct herbivore mammals closely related to today’s rhinoceroses, tapirs and horses. The family Chalicotheriidae includes two subfamilies, the Chalicotheriinae and the Schizotheriinae. Some members of the schizotheriines form a duplex bone by fusing the proximal and the medial phalanges of the second digit of the hand. Here, we report the only known fused set of proximal and medial phalanges in a specimen of the subfamily Chalicotheriinae from the Late Miocene of Höwenegg in Germany. This specimen has been the center of some confusion regarding its identity and the nature of the fusion. In our study, we conduct a detailed comparison to chalicotheriines and schizotheriines, identifying the specimen as a chalicotheriine and attributing its fusion to a pathology. We additionally acquired CT scans of this specimen and two schizotheriines to compare the internal structure of the fused phalanges, which revealed great differences between the fusion in schizotheriines and the pathologically fused Höwenegg specimen. Furthermore, we found that both subfamilies show a trend towards immobilizing their digits, expressed in different ways, with chalicotheriines forming a notched-joint between the phalanges in some digits that hinders their movement and schizotheriines regularly fusing the phalanges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}