环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Reversible metal-organic polymers template enhances platinum nanoparticles self-assemblies and accelerates POD-like catalysis for rapid and ultrasensitive multiple forms mercury detection","authors":"fan zhang, Tianyu Guo, Liwen Feng, Yaobin Lu, Jiewei Deng, Tiangang Luan","doi":"10.1039/d4en00779d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00779d","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the distribution characteristics of various forms of mercury is crucial for understanding its biogeochemical cycling and assessing health risks. The accurate detection of inorganic and organic mercury still relies on large instruments such as CVAAS, ICP-MS, and LC-ICP-MS. Although these traditional methods can accurately analyze and differentiate mercury forms, their complexity, high cost, and inability to facilitate immediate on-site analysis at environmental sample locations represent significant limitations. Therefore, based on a reversible metal-organic polymers template for platinum nanoenzymes,we have developed a colorimetric detection method without sample pre-treatment, to rapidly and sensitively detect mercury in multiple froms. This method detected Hg2+ within a range of 0.001-5000 nM in 3 minutes, with a detection limit of 0.0006 nM (equivalent to 0.12 ng/L). Additionally, the total mercury content in samples could be quantified by this colorimetric method, enabling precise analysis of organic mercury with an accuracy on par with traditional ICP-MS. The notable enhancements in sensitivity and analysis speed could be attributed to the distinct molecular structure of the PNAs(HCl). Studies on reaction mechanisms revealed that the dense assembly of platinum nanoparticles within PNAs(HCl) and their porous external structure not only effectively protect the catalytic active sites and offer ample reaction space, thereby efficiently mimicking the POD-like enzymatic activity, but also facilitate effective and specific binding to Hg2+. To further affirm the reliability and practicality of this analysis method, a variety of real environmental water samples had been evaluated including rivers, lakes, polluted waters, and garden soil extracts. The analytical data were consistent with those obtained from traditional ICP-MS analysis. Our results demonstrated that the PNAs(HCl)-based colorimetric method offers a rapid and precise technique for the analysis of Hg2+ and organic mercury, making it ideally suited for immediate on-site analysis following environmental sample collection.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles","authors":"Eric Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn","doi":"10.1039/d4en00500g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00500g","url":null,"abstract":"Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are stable organic radicals and pollutants in atmospheric and soil particles. Knowledge of EPFR formation on pristine, unsupported engineered nanoparticles is limited. This study investigates the potential of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in aiding aromatic precursors in forming EPFRs and is an experimental verification of our earlier prediction on nanoparticles’ potential to form EPFRs. TiO2 formed EPFRs regardless of size, while ZnO exhibited size-dependent behavior. Only smaller ZnO particles readily produced EPFRs. Larger ZnO particles only formed EPFRs when pretreated with ethanol. EPFRs formed on TiO2 and ZnO near room temperature, challenging the belief that relatively high temperatures are needed for EPFRs to form. The yields of EPFRs on pristine TiO2 and ZnO were comparable to those found in atmospheric particulate matter. We identified four types of EPFRs: carbon-centered phenoxyl, oxygen-centered phenoxyl, carbon-centered semiquinone, and oxygen-centered semiquinone radicals. Our study suggests the role of band bending in forming EPFRs on TiO2 and ZnO, in which the adsorption of aromatic precursor acts as an electron acceptor or donor. Our findings suggest that EPFRs may form in unexpected places and conditions where TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are present.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same same but different: Examining climate change impacts on human security in Vanuatu and Guam","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global environmental change impacts human security in both Vanuatu and Guam – but in very different ways. This paper studies both regions through a thematic analysis of problem-centered expert interviews with local stakeholders. It provides a comprehensive assessment of pathways from environmental change to human insecurity in both regions. Climate change impacts are omnipresent in Vanuatu and coproduced by fast lifestyle change and developmental challenges. In contrast, Guam is a highly developed US territory. This reduces climate vulnerability but generates other forms of environmental change from heavy military and touristic use. The article argues that human insecurity on Vanuatu and Guam is coproduced by the interplay between economic and (post-)colonial factors and environmental change. This demonstrates that vulnerability and environmental degradation are by no means natural or inevitable, but strongly shaped by socio-economic contexts and histories. This builds an important bridge between human security, political economy, and postcolonial perspectives on environmental security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378024001390/pdfft?md5=1a4c8252f405c222310a7edfa57846c1&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378024001390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a novel ejaculation mechanism in danceflies (Diptera: Empididae), with implications for genital elongation.","authors":"Tomoki Hirose, Kazunori Yoshizawa","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01938-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-024-01938-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genitalia are known to evolve rapidly and are among the most variable structures in insect morphology, making them a target of active research. However, function and evolutionary significance of internal genital structures remain less well understood. Here, we report the morphology and mechanism of a novel ejaculatory system that has evolved in the dancefly genus Rhamphomyia (Insecta: Diptera: Empididae). Using synchrotron µCT technology, we examined the male genitalia of five dancefly species and identified an ejaculatory system resembling a leverage hydraulic jack, which is thought to have derived from a plunger-like pumping system. This jacking system amplifies the applied muscle power by up to 4.2 times, allowing the system to produce the same pumping power with much smaller muscles. However, the volume of the pumping muscle in the jacking system is comparable to that of the plunger system, indicating a significant increase in ejaculation power in this genus. We hypothesize that the greater pumping power evolved through sexual selection favoring strong ejaculation to rapidly pass semen through a thin and elongated phallus and spermathecal duct.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster experience mitigates the partisan divide on climate change: Evidence from Texas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the abundance of real world events and scientific information linking the worsening extreme weather to climate change, public attitudes toward climate issues in the United States remain highly divided along partisan lines. We compare the effect of different stimuli linking extreme weather events to climate change – personal experiences and scientific information – in reducing the partisan gap. A two-wave survey corresponding to multiple extreme weather events in Texas, including a natural experiment with power outage data from the 2021 North American Winter Storms, shows that personal experiences with extreme weather reduce the partisan divide in climate beliefs and polices. Scientific information attributing extreme weather events to climate change, however, had no effect in closing the partisan gap. These findings suggest that extreme climate events and disaster experiences force vividly tangible information about the proximity and severity of climate change on exposed individuals, prompting belief-updating and preference-shifting toward pro-climate policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378024001225/pdfft?md5=aca715e988c913e0f1a7bbeff7bbc0ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378024001225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bookkeepers of catastrophes: The overlooked role of reinsurers in climate change debates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming had long been discussed as an abstract matter of physics and chemistry. Only in the 1990s did the more tangible costs caused by natural catastrophes come into focus. The key corporate actors to advance this damage and risk perspective on climate change and corroborate it with data – reinsurance companies – have largely been overlooked in the literature. Drawing on expert interviews, hitherto confidential archival sources and text analysis, this paper traces how the two largest reinsurers have made sense of climate change and become important voices in creating awareness of man-made climate change. It underscores their unique role as both producers and translators of climate change knowledge and highlights the thorny and even subjective nature of interpreting climate-related data. This sheds new light on the history of climate change knowledge and raises important questions about the role of business actors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378024001353/pdfft?md5=7f12f17a85680211be9ff00ece2a3b36&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378024001353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solenopsis richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) alates infected with deformed wing virus display wing deformity with altered mobility.","authors":"Godfrey P Miles, Xiaofen F Liu, Brian E Scheffler, Esmaeil Amiri, Mark A Weaver, Michael J Grodowitz, Jian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01934-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-024-01934-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deformed wing virus (DWV) has long been identified as a critical pathogen affecting honeybees, contributing to colony losses through wing deformities, neurological impairments, and reduced lifespan. Since DWV also affects other pollinators, it poses a significant threat to global pollination networks. While honeybees have been the focal point of DWV studies, emerging research indicates that this RNA virus is not host-specific but rather a generalist pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of insect species, including other bee species such as bumblebees and solitary bees, as well as wasps and ants. This expands the potential impact of DWV beyond honeybees to broader ecological communities. The black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri, is an economically important invasive ant species. In this study, we describe deformed wing (DW) symptoms in S. richteri. DW alates were found in three of nine (33%) laboratory colonies. The symptoms ranged from severely twisted wings to a single crumpled wing tip. Additionally, numerous symptomatic alates also displayed altered mobility, ranging from an ataxic gait to an inability to walk. Viral replication of DWV was confirmed using a modified strand-specific RT-PCR. Our results suggest that S. richteri can be an alternative host for DWV, expanding our understanding of DWV as a generalist pathogen in insects. However, additional research is required to determine whether DWV is the etiological agent responsible for DW syndrome in S. richteri.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipating socio-technical tipping points","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tipping point concept, widely recognized within the natural sciences, is experiencing a resurgence in social studies. The emerging field sees growing insights about characteristics and mechanisms of social system tipping; however, much disagreement remains. This includes whether social tipping points can be anticipated – determining its political relevance, as anticipation is essential for actions to intentionally trigger tipping. We address this disagreement and propose a framework which operationalises socio-technical tipping across subsystems and elements to anticipate tipping points, illustrated in two case comparisons. We show that whereas the transition to electric cars in Germany has started but is not about to tip, especially not regarding normative and regulatory regime factors, the same transition in Norway is about to tip, but still requires international car markets to tip before the sectoral transition is tipped and complete. Similarly, we show that the transition to a PV-based renewable power system in Germany has progressed strongly, both regarding technology and regime factors, but the system has not yet tipped: further efforts reforming infrastructure and regulation are essential. Hence, our findings emphasise the notion that while technological progress holds significance, it represents only one facet among several that must align for a system to undergo a tipping point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378024001158/pdfft?md5=db8b37031a83d280eb85c501fb0f645d&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378024001158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics reveals the mechanism of persistent toxicity of AgNPs at environmentally relevant concentrations to Daphnia magna","authors":"Qianqian Xiang, Qin Qin Li, Peng Wang, Hao-Cheng Yang, Zi-Hao Fu, Xiang Liang, Li Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4en00350k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00350k","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been of great concern, the persistence and underlying mechanisms of AgNPs toxicity remain understudied. This study explored the persistent mechanisms of AgNPs toxicity at two sizes (AgNP-10 nm and AgNP-70 nm at 2 μg/L) to Daphnia magna using traditional toxicological methods alongside metabolomics analyses during exposure and recovery phases. After 24 h, both AgNP-10 and -70 nm exposures resulted in high silver accumulation levels in D. magna, leading to reduced heart rate and paddling frequency. Despite a significant decrease in silver content after 24 h of recovery, the heart rate reduction persisted in AgNP-exposed D. magna. Metabolomics analysis revealed differential expression of 53 and 54 metabolites induced by AgNP-10 and -70 nm exposures, respectively, primarily enriched in lipid metabolism pathways. Following the recovery period, AgNP-10 and -70 nm induced differential expression of 71 and 110 metabolites, respectively, mainly enriched in lipid metabolism and protein digestion and uptake pathways. These findings indicate that the persistence of toxicity of D. magna induced by AgNPs at physiological and metabolomic levels, predominantly attributed to silver retention and damage to D. magna’s digestive system. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanism underlying the persistence of AgNPs toxicity to aquatic organism.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematite-based photoanodes decorated with oxygen-deficient CeO2 for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: a pulse deposition strategy","authors":"Meiying Jia, Yuanyuan Ma, Wenxuan Wang, Anqi Kang, Ping Wang, Haiyin Xu, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang","doi":"10.1039/d4en00431k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00431k","url":null,"abstract":"The development of photoanodes with stable photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance is crucial to solve the secondary pollution caused by powder-based catalysts in antibiotic removal. In this study, FTO-α-Fe<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>@CeO<small>₂</small> photoanodes were prepared using a short-time effective electrochemical pulse deposition method for PEC degradation of antibiotics. Based on the outstanding light absorption capability conferred by the narrow bandgap of α-Fe<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, the separation advantage of photogenerated carriers conferred by the unique oxygen vacancies of CeO<small>₂</small> and the variable polymetallic ion valence states (Fe<small>²⁺</small>/Fe<small>³⁺</small>, Ce<small>³⁺</small>/Ce<small>⁴⁺</small>), the target photoanode could achieve 93.13% degradation efficiency for tetracycline (TC) within 120 min. Ion leaching after degradation was controlled at an environmentally friendly level, and the universality was evaluated in configuration solutions from actual water. The matched Z-type heterojunction energy band structure and synergistic interaction between α-Fe<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> and CeO<small>₂</small> enhanced the catalytic efficiency of the photoanode, and the main contribution was attributed to the generation of the free radical ·OH and active species h<small>⁺</small>. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetric characteristic curves and Tafel curves demonstrated the advantages of the FTO-α-Fe<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>@CeO<small>₂</small> photoanode in terms of stability and reaction kinetics. Ultimately, more complete TC degradation pathways were proposed based on the 13 intermediates detected, and the toxicity of the intermediates was assessed. This work enriched the development of catalytic photoanodes and provides new ideas for antibiotic removal involving non-powder catalysts.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}