环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Legacy and Current-use Brominated Flame Retardants in Settled Dust: Validation and Application of a Sample Preparation Method using Ultrasonic Processor and Single Cleanup Columns","authors":"Thi Mai Anh Le,&nbsp;Hai Minh Trinh,&nbsp;Anh Quoc Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Anh Huong Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Ngoc Mai Pham,&nbsp;Thi Hue Chu,&nbsp;Thi Minh Thu Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Lieu Tran,&nbsp;Minh Binh Tu,&nbsp;Shin Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10088-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10088-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analytical method development and monitoring of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including legacy and current-use substances, in the environment is a crucial task to understand their contamination status and potential adverse impacts. However, there is no standardized procedure for BFR analysis in settled dust and atmospheric particulate matter, and analytical results of some BFRs in the Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2585 showed significant variations between studies. In this work, we developed efficient methods for determining 41 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and six other BFRs, including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), in settled dust and air particulate samples. The samples were extracted using an ultrasonic processor and the extracts were cleaned up using single columns containing Florisil and acidic silica gel. The methods were validated using the SRM 2585, the SRM 1648a, and matrix-spike samples, showing adequate recovery, precision, and detection limits. We found a variation in BDE-209 concentrations in the SRM 2585 sample derived using different solvent types, suggesting the need for suitable techniques and solvents to enhance extraction efficiency and method accuracy. Concentrations of BFRs were first reported for the SRM 1648a. The validated methods were applied to analyze BFRs in settled dust samples collected from different microenvironments in northern Vietnam (e.g., roads, houses, and offices in urban areas, and houses and workshops in e-waste processing areas), showing the dominance of BDE-209 (median 320; 16–61,000 ng/g), DBDPE (130; 5.5–21,000 ng/g), and HBCDD (36; &lt; 0.10–750 ng/g).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycogenic fabrication of ZnCu, MnCu, and SeMn nanocomposites for algicidal applications","authors":"Marwa Moustafa Eltarahony,Eslam Salama,Amira Sabry,Chihiro Yoshimura,Mona M. Ismail","doi":"10.1039/d6en00699j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00699j","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication and climate change increasingly contribute to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs), threatening aquatic ecosystems and water quality. Although metal-based nanomaterials have shown antimicrobial activity, their algicidal potential against HAB-forming microalgae remains poorly explored. Here, we report a biogenic approach for synthesizing hybrid ZnCu, MnCu, and SeMn nanocomposites (NCs) using the cell-free supernatant of Candida sp. and investigate their algicidal activity against the marine microalga Chlorella marina. Physicochemical characterization (XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDX, ζ-potential, and TGA) confirmed the formation of crystalline, thermally stable nanocomposites and good colloidal stability. All NCs inhibited algal growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 mg/L significantly reducing biomass and the contents of carbohydrates, proteins, and chlorophyll. In contrast, lipid and carotenoid levels increased at lower concentrations (12.5 mg/L), suggesting a protective response to nanocomposite-induced stress. NC treatment also markedly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant-related responses, as indicated by increases in total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe cellular deformation, membrane disruption, intracellular leakage, and biofilm disintegration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the cooperative synergistic effects of the hybrid nanocomposites induce oxidative stress and structural damage, leading to effective algal inactivation. The synthesized biogenic nanocomposites show promise algicidal materials for HAB mitigation and could potentially be incorporated into antifouling membranes for water treatment, supporting more environmental management.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Pre-Monsoon Water Quality through EWQI, Ionic Facies, and Correlation Statistics","authors":"Shilpy Kumari,&nbsp;Ankesh Kumar,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Kumar,&nbsp;Arunima Chakraborty,&nbsp;Ritesh Ranjan,&nbsp; Mamta,&nbsp;Khushboo Kumari,&nbsp;Prasoon Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10074-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In monitoring baseline water quality degradation before monsoonal dilution, the pre-monsoon period is especially useful since it is a crucial hydrochemical phase marked by decreased recharge, increased evaporative concentration and extended water–rock interaction. The present article focuses on the hydrochemical assessment of the water samples collected from various location within the study area in order to analyse their physicochemical properties along with the geochemical processes governing them. The Entropy- weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) was used to assess the water quality after the quantification of main ions and trace constituents using standard analytical techniques. EWQI categorized 15% sample as extremely poor, 17.5% as poor, 40% as average, 25% as good, and only 2.5% as excellent. Gibbs plot was used to determine the mechanism controlling water chemistry, whereas Piper and Durov diagrams were used to compare hydrogeochemical facies and ionic development. The results obtained reveals that the water chemistry is controlled dominantly by the rock-water interaction and is characterised by alkaline nature with moderate to high mineralisation. Pearson correlation was carried out to understand the statistical relationship between the parameters. It clearly indicated that Electrical conductivity has a strong positive relationship with major cations and anions, whereas the trace elements, like arsenic, show weak to moderate correlations with major ions that suggests local and source specific controls on their distribution. A detailed understanding of the state of water quality and the mechanisms affecting solute accumulation before monsoon recharge is provided by the combined hydrogeochemical and statistical method. Moreover, the water quality of the study area needs to be taken into consideration as early as possible since the samples majorly falls in the average category of EWQI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic Viability of Landfill Leachate-derived, Humic Extract as an Agricultural Fertilizer","authors":"Roberto Martins Nazareth,&nbsp;Arthur de Pontes Coelho Jorge,&nbsp;Gustavo Souza Lima Sant’Anna,&nbsp;Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto,&nbsp;Franz Guillermo Munoz Ibanez,&nbsp;Everaldo Zonta,&nbsp;Marcos Gervasio Pereira,&nbsp;Irene da Silva Coelho,&nbsp;Nivaldo Schultz","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10072-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10072-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic viability of a humic extract (HE), obtained from landfill leachate, as an agricultural fertilizer. A sugarcane crop (<i>Saccharum</i> sp., var. RB867515’) was grown in pots in a greenhouse using samples of an Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Ultisol) and a Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol). The treatments consisted of soaking sugarcane nodes with buds in either distilled water or 80% (v/v) HE solution for an hour, followed by foliar and/or soil application of 90% (v/v) HE, or mineral fertilization, or both. After 10 months of greenhouse cultivation, dry mass accumulation, nutrient and metal contents in plant dry mass, soil chemical attributes, and soil bacterial diversity were evaluated. HE promoted sugarcane growth and dry mass accumulation compared with that in control, with performance similar to that under mineral fertilization, particularly in the treatment in which the nodes with buds were soaked in distilled water and subsequently received foliar and soil applications of 90% (v/v) HE. No heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) were detected in plant tissues and in soil, and soil bacterial diversity was not affected by HE application. The data presented herein suggests preliminary evidence that HE may serve as an agricultural fertilizer under greenhouse conditions, although additional field-scale studies are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-10072-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEG-CuO/GO Nanocomposites with Versatile Functionality Through Two Independently Evaluated Applications: Dye Degradation and pH-Responsive Anticancer Drug Delivery","authors":"Bindu Dhuva,&nbsp;Sangeeta Obrai","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10048-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10048-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research addresses two critical global challenges: environmental pollution and therapeutic drug delivery by developing a multifunctional nanocomposite. A novel polyethylene glycol modified copper oxide/graphene oxide (PEG-CuO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesised via a bottom-up approach and comprehensively characterised using XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, FT-IR, XPS, ICP-MS and TGA. The PEG-CuO/GO exhibited outstanding photocatalytic performance, achieving 98% degradation of crystal violet (CV) under visible light within 180 min at neutral pH and retained excellent stability over three successive cycles, understanding its reusability and robustness. The degradation followed first-order kinetics (R² = 0.9913), and radical trapping experiments confirmed the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the primary oxidising agents in the photocatalytic mechanism. Beyond environment remediation, the PEG-CuO/GO nanocomposite also functioned as an efficient nanocarrier for the anticancer drug rutin, demonstrating high loading capacity and pH-responsive release behaviour. The release kinetics fitted well to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating diffusion-controlled release under acidic conditions. The biological safety and metal leaching characterisation of the nanocomposite were evaluated using cytotoxicity and ICP-MS experiments. Overall, the PEG-CuO/GO nanocomposite showcases exceptional dual functionality, offering a sustainable and versatile platform for simultaneous dye degradation and drug delivery applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Flocculants for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Material Design, Removal Mechanisms, and Engineering Challenges","authors":"Hongmei Cui,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Qiao Liu,&nbsp;Ying Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10084-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10084-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional coagulation–flocculation is widely used in water and wastewater treatment, but slow settling, incomplete solid–liquid separation, and poor recovery of added materials can remain important limitations in highly dispersed or multiphase systems. To address these limitations, magnetic flocculants combine flocculation-active components with magnetic phases, allowing pollutant destabilization and floc formation to be followed by magnetic separation. This review examines recent developments in material design, removal mechanisms, applications, and engineering limitations. To avoid overlap between broad “polymer-based” and “bio-based” groupings, the materials are discussed as synthetic polymer-based, chitosan-based, plant-based, and inorganic or hybrid systems. Magnetic flocculants are also distinguished from magnetic coagulants, magnetic seeds, and magnetic adsorbents according to their composition, dominant function, removal mechanism, and separation mode. Their performance still relies largely on conventional coagulation–flocculation processes, including charge neutralization, electrical double-layer compression, adsorption bridging, and sweep flocculation, while surface complexation, hydrophobic association, and magnetic interactions become important in specific systems. Reported removal efficiencies are difficult to compare directly because dosage, pH, pollutant concentration or turbidity, water-matrix composition, mixing conditions, separation time, and magnetic-field conditions vary among studies. Mechanistic evidence is also uneven: some studies combine zeta-potential, spectroscopic, microscopic, floc-structure, or interaction-energy analyses, whereas others infer mechanisms mainly from material composition and removal behavior. Overall, magnetic flocculants have produced encouraging laboratory-scale results for oily wastewater, microalgae, heavy metals, dyes, and turbidity removal, but evidence for engineering-scale application remains limited. More consistent reporting of magnetic parameters, longer reuse tests, material leaching and sludge assessment, continuous-flow studies, and techno-economic and life-cycle evaluation are still needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a Peptide‑based Nanofilter Derived from Dairy Waste for COD and BOD Removal from Dairy Wastewater","authors":"Saeedeh Rastgar,&nbsp;Parichehr Hanachi,&nbsp;Tony R. Walker","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10034-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10034-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic-rich industrial wastewater is an important source of environmental pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are the main parameters used to evaluate organic contamination. This study reports the preparation of a biobased nanostructured hybrid filter using peptides recovered from dairy sludge, a low-cost waste-derived precursor. This developed filter differs from other bio-based filters derived from waste biomaterials reported previously and offers a combination of (i) simultaneous valorization of dairy waste, (ii) retention of proteinaceous and mineral-rich characteristics of sludge and (iii) tunability of surface chemistry through peptide self-assembly, contributing to high removal performance and reusability<b>.</b> Produced filters were characterized using FESEM, EDX mapping, FTIR, XRD, BET surface area analysis and TGA/DTG. Results showed a porous structure with a surface area of 52.386 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.1497 cm³/g and an average pore diameter of 11.43 nm. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in Design-Expert software. The optimal conditions were found to be pH 6.5, a nanofilter dosage of 300 mg/L, an initial concentration of 67.5 mg/L and <b>a</b> 35 min. contact time, achieving removal efficiencies of 98.21% for COD and 97.82% for BOD, with R² values of 0.9525 and 0.9555, respectively. The recovery trials showed that the nanofilter retained COD and BOD removal efficiencies of 89.4% and 88.5%, respectively, after five consecutive regeneration cycles. Overall, results indicate that dairy sludge-derived peptides have potential as a low-cost and waste-derived precursor for nanostructured filters for organic pollutant removal from dairy wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Electrocatalytic Treatment of Coking Reverse Osmosis Concentrate Using a Porous Ti/TiO2-ENTA-SnO2-Sb2O3-La Anode in a Multistage Flow-through Reactor","authors":"Xinrui Fu,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Yinghui Mo,&nbsp;Zhaohui Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10067-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10067-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in coking reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), a porous La-doped SnO₂-Sb₂O₃ filtration anode incorporating an enhanced TiO₂ nanotube array (ENTA) interlayer was developed and coupled with a multistage flow-through electrochemical reactor. The electrode properties and treatment performance were evaluated using actual coking ROC, and the effects of La doping, anode pore size, reactor configuration, initial pH, current density, and flow rate were systematically investigated. The results showed that La doping increased the oxygen evolution potential from 2.17 to 2.33 V (vs. SCE) and enhanced the electrocatalytic performance of the filtration anode. The optimal system consisted of a 1.6% La-doped filtration anode with a pore size of 20 μm and a two-stage flow-through reactor. Under the optimized conditions of an initial pH of 6, a current density of 15 mA/cm², and a flow rate of 48 mL/min, the COD and TOC removal efficiencies reached 71.6% and 63.18%, respectively, after 240 min, with an energy consumption of 21.8 kWh/m³. Radical-scavenging experiments indicated the involvement of ·OH and ·O₂⁻ in the oxidation process, with ·OH showing a stronger apparent influence under the tested conditions. The COD removal efficiency decreased by only 2.0 percentage points over six consecutive cycles and remained at 60.5% after 40 cycles. These results demonstrate that the developed La-doped filtration anode coupled with the multistage flow-through reactor provides a promising approach for the advanced treatment of refractory industrial wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Outcome Pathway Mapping of Micro/Nanoplastics, Metal Ions and Metal-based Nanomaterials in Microalgae","authors":"Haiyang Chen,Samina Irshad,Changjian Xie,Fengxia Xu,Shujing Zhang,Peng Zhang,Iseult Lynch,Zhiling Guo","doi":"10.1039/d6en00001k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00001k","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic debris and metal contamination are intensifying environmental pressures on aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics and nanoplastics (M/NPs) can interact with metal ions (MIs) and metal-based nanomaterials (NMs), creating co-exposure scenarios whose effects cannot be inferred from individual stressors alone. As primary producers and sensitive bioindicators, microalgae are particularly vulnerable to these mixtures. Using a microalgae-centred conceptual Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) network, this Review organizes evidence from upstream exposure modifiers through biological key events (KEs) to adverse outcomes. Beyond previous reviews that mainly considered M/NP–metal interactions, algal toxicity or data-driven prediction separately, we integrate physical particle effects, endogenous plastic leachates and adsorbed exogenous metals within one mechanistic framework and link them to KE-related endpoints and machine-learning-ready descriptors. Single and combined exposures are compared to identify shared and stressor-specific mechanisms, with oxidative stress and photosynthetic impairment emerging as central KEs. Particle-induced shading and adhesion, ageing, aggregation, metal speciation and dissolution, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and eco-corona formation are evaluated as processes that alter the cell-accessible dose. Enhanced toxicity is favoured when plastic particles increase local metal delivery or when co-stressors converge on oxidative and photosynthetic pathways, whereas strong sorption, heteroaggregation, sedimentation and EPS-mediated extracellular sequestration can reduce cellular metal exposure and attenuate toxicity, including antagonism where this is demonstrated against an explicit additivity model. We further assess machine-learning and deep-learning applications and map model inputs and outputs to upstream descriptors, intermediate KEs and downstream outcomes. Priorities include environmentally realistic mixture designs, quantitative exposure characterization, multi-species and trophic-level validation, and standardized datasets for AOP-aligned, ML-supported assessment of M/NP and metal co-pollution.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149173142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl Contamination in Agricultural Soils and Earthworms: Field Monitoring, Complementary QSAR-Based Prediction, Bioaccumulation, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Intensive Potato Agroecosystems of Larache Province, Northern Morocco","authors":"Hicham El Bourki,&nbsp;Ahlem Hamdache,&nbsp;Ibrahim Maattallaoui,&nbsp;Ahmed Bagayou,&nbsp;Yassine Diane,&nbsp;Mohammed Ezziyyani","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10081-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10081-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chlorpyrifos-ethyl remains one of the most extensively used organophosphate insecticides worldwide despite increasing concerns regarding its environmental persistence and ecological toxicity. However, information on its occurrence in agricultural soils, transfer to soil biota, and environmental behavior under field conditions remains limited for North African agroecosystems. This study investigated chlorpyrifos-ethyl contamination in intensive potato-growing systems of Larache Province through an integrated experimental and computational approach. Soil and earthworm samples collected from ten agricultural fields were analyzed by GC–ECD following QuEChERS extraction, while quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models implemented in the VEGA platform were used to obtain descriptive estimates of physicochemical properties, environmental fate, bioaccumulation potential, and earthworm toxicity. Chlorpyrifos-ethyl was detected in soils at concentrations ranging from not detected to 0.0965 mg kg⁻¹ and in earthworms from 0.0078 to 0.0440 mg kg⁻¹, indicating exposure of soil organisms at the sampled fields. Bioaccumulation factors ranged from 0.18 to 2.65, indicating variable field accumulation among sampling sites. Among the ten investigated fields, seven exhibited risk quotients (RQ) above 1, suggesting potential ecological concern under the specific conditions and dates sampled; given the single-composite sampling design and the limited number of fields, this observation should be regarded as a preliminary field-level indication rather than a regional risk characterization. QSAR predictions consistently characterized chlorpyrifos-ethyl as a highly hydrophobic compound (LogKow = 5.32) with strong soil sorption (logKOC = 3.62), low water solubility (1.26 mg L⁻¹), moderate soil persistence (half-life = 13 days), limited biodegradability, and considerable bioaccumulation potential (logBCF ≈ 3). This intrinsic bioconcentration potential contrasts with the generally low field-derived BAF values, a pattern that likely reflects the distinction between standardized, intrinsic bioconcentration (BCF) and realized, bioavailability-limited field accumulation (BAF), rather than a direct inconsistency between the two lines of evidence. Overall, integrating field monitoring with QSAR-based environmental prediction provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating pesticide behavior and ecological risk and supports the development of sustainable pesticide management strategies in intensive agricultural systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}