环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Iron-modified Mulberry Biochar for Imidacloprid Removal: Performance and Mechanism","authors":"Jing Li,&nbsp;Ercheng Zhao,&nbsp;Junjie Jing,&nbsp;Ping Han,&nbsp;Guilong Peng,&nbsp;Xingle Guo,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Junxue Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10101-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10101-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing sustainable and high-performance heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for removing organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes. This study developed a novel iron-modified mulberry biochar composite (Fe-MBC) featuring Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄ heterojunctions on an agricultural waste-derived matrix to achieve efficient degradation of imidacloprid (IMI). The catalytic performance of Fe-MBC was systematically evaluated under optimized reaction conditions. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful loading of Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄ onto a mesoporous biochar matrix with a BET surface area of 181.2 m² g⁻¹. The Fe-MBC/PMS system achieved 93.2% IMI removal within 360 min, with catalytic degradation being the dominant mechanism and contributing 92.5%. Furthermore, the system demonstrated excellent adaptability across a wide initial pH range (3.5–9.5) and maintained removal efficiency above 48.6% over 5 consecutive reuse cycles. Mechanistic analyses (quenching and EPR) revealed a synergistic non-radical and radical mechanism where O₂^•⁻ plays an important role as one of the major reactive species and a key precursor, supplemented by •OH and ¹O₂. The biochar matrix accelerated Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox cycling, promoting sustained PMS activation. Degradation pathways involved hydroxylation, nitro-reduction, and ring cleavage. Although ECOSAR predictions highlighted transient chronic toxicity increases for specific intermediates (e.g., <i>Daphnia</i>), the system's high mineralization capacity (78.9% TOC removal) effectively mitigated degradation intermediates risks. This work confirms Fe-MBC as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly catalyst for agricultural pesticide wastewater remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Magnetic Porous Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Aerogel for Diclofenac Sodium","authors":"Yangzong Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Xie,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xiang,&nbsp;Dian Jiao,&nbsp;Xuhui Yang,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang,&nbsp;Dao Zhou,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10124-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10124-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan (CS), a natural biopolymer, has been investigated for wastewater treatment. However, its application faces limitations: poor mechanical strength, solubility in acidic media, and lack of selectivity. To address these challenges, this study developed a magnetic porous PVA/chitosan composite aerogel incorporated with Fe₃O₄ for adsorption and recovery. Ethanol was utilized as a pore-forming agent to construct a porous structure, increasing the surface area and sites for diclofenac sodium (DS). The parameters, including CS concentration, crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde, GTA) mass fraction, and component ratios, were optimized, achieving an adsorption capacity of 264.03 mg/g. Characterization via FTIR, SEM‑EDS, XRD, XPS, TGA, and BET revealed that the adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions (protonated amino groups on CS and anionic DS) and hydrogen bonding (hydroxyl groups from PVA and carboxylate groups of DS). Kinetic demonstrated the adsorption followed a pseudo‑second‑order model, indicating chemisorption as the rate‑limiting. Isotherm fitting depended on temperature, no single model fully described the data, suggesting combined homogeneous and heterogeneous interactions rather than exclusively monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic (ΔG° &lt; 0, ΔH° = 31.42 kJ/mol) confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature. The aerogel exhibited moderate reusability, retaining 58.6% DS removal after five cycles via NaOH/HCl regeneration. This work provides a magnetically recoverable adsorbent for DS removal, demonstrating potential for wastewater treatment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-decadal Trends, Regime Shifts, and Time-series Projections of Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Salisu Dan’azumi,&nbsp;Abdulhayat M. Jibrin,&nbsp;Ali Aldrees","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10137-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10137-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions remain a significant air-quality concern in countries with intensive fossil-fuel consumption and rapid socio-economic development. Understanding their long-term evolution is essential for evaluating emission dynamics and supporting effective air-quality management. The objective of this study was to investigate long-term trends, structural changes, emission regimes, and future trajectories of national CO emissions in Saudi Arabia using annual records covering five decades. A comprehensive analytical framework integrating the Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) trend test, Sen's slope estimator, Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), Bayesian change-point detection, and time-series forecasting was applied to characterize historical emission behavior and evaluate future patterns. The results indicate a significant long-term increase in national CO emissions despite a period of partial stabilization after the mid-2000 s. Structural analysis identified distinct emission regimes separated by statistically supported change points, while the ITA confirmed a consistent upward shift across the emission distribution. Forecasting results suggest that national CO emissions are likely to remain on an increasing trajectory during the coming decade, although projection uncertainty increases with forecast horizon. The combined evidence indicates that recent moderation has not reversed the long-term expansion of CO emissions and highlights the need for sustained mitigation measures targeting transport, industrial activities, and energy production. The proposed analytical framework provides a robust basis for long-term emission assessment and supports evidence-based air-quality planning in Saudi Arabia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submicroscopic Sized Magnetic High Entropy Spinel Oxide of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zr for Photo-Fenton Catalysis Application","authors":"Sanjula Pradhan,&nbsp;C. Mohapatra,&nbsp;A. K. Mishra,&nbsp;K. C. Barick,&nbsp;Vasundhara Mutta,&nbsp;N. K. Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10127-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10127-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-entropy oxides are promising for environmental catalysis owing to their configurational stability and multi-element redox chemistry. The spinel HEO having equiatomic concentration of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zr was synthesized via a sol–gel route followed by calcination at ~ 700 °C. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning TEM–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm its single phase, compositionally uniform nanostructure incorporating all the above-mentioned cations. The material exhibits ferrimagnetism (~ 21 emug⁻¹), enabling facile magnetic separation after the photo or photo-Fenton catalytic reaction. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy corroborate its activity for dye degradation via photocatalytic, Fenton, and photo-Fenton pathways. Under photo-Fenton conditions, methylene blue degradation reached 99% within 90 min. Mass spectrometry verified degradation of the dye during the photo-Fenton process. The synergy of multivalent cations and magnetic recoverability positions this HEO as robust, reusable catalyst for wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, Sources, and Ecological Risks of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) in the Weihe River, the Largest Tributary of the Yellow River","authors":"Hua Hou,&nbsp;Min Liu,&nbsp;Tonghao Ge,&nbsp;Bingcong Li,&nbsp;Yujuan Ma,&nbsp;Shuyun Wang,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10128-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10128-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the occurrence, sources, ecological risks, and potential network connectivity of phthalate esters (PAEs) at the watershed scale is essential for effective river pollution management. In this study, surface water samples were collected from 38 sites across the Weihe River Basin during the dry and wet seasons to explore the spatiotemporal distribution, sources, and ecological risks of 14 target PAEs. Eleven of the 14 target PAEs were detected. The summed concentrations of the detected target PAEs (ΣPAEs) ranged from 440.4 to 3633.3 ng/L during the dry season and from 1308.5 to 3670.4 ng/L during the wet season. DiBP and DnBP predominated in both seasons, jointly accounting for 86.2% and 74.8% of ΣPAEs during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the five modeled PAEs resolved three compositionally distinct factors. The DNP-associated mixed-plasticizer factor contributed 55.7% of the mean normalized site-level factor contributions during the dry season, whereas the DMP/DEP-associated mixed consumer-product and DiBP/DnBP-dominated general plasticizer-use factors contributed 57.0% and 42.8%, respectively, during the wet season. Mean cumulative risk quotients were 1.643 and 2.144 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, with DnBP and DiBP being the principal risk contributors. Overall, this study provides an evidence base for identifying priority PAE compounds and supporting risk-informed management of plasticizer contamination in the Weihe River Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning Framework Integrating ERA5 Reanalysis for High-Accuracy Reconstruction of Missing Particulate Matter Measurements","authors":"Serdar Gündoğdu,&nbsp;Tolga Elbir","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10138-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10138-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Missing observations in ground-based air quality datasets hinder long-term assessments, trend analyses, and exposure modeling. This study develops an ERA5-driven machine learning framework for reconstructing missing hourly PM₁₀ concentrations and systematically evaluates the combined effects of feature selection and model choice on reconstruction performance. Twenty-eight algorithms were evaluated using three feature selection techniques—F-test, RReliefF, and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR)—to identify the most informative predictors. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) achieved the highest predictive performance among the evaluated model configurations, achieving R² = 0.84, RMSE = 7.9 μg/m³, and MAE = 4.9 μg/m³ when trained on the eight top-ranked features identified by RReliefF and VIF analyses, with performance validated via 10-fold cross-validation and supported by 95% prediction intervals. Seasonal evaluation revealed the highest accuracy in winter (R = 0.94), reflecting conditions with elevated PM₁₀ levels, while summer performance was comparatively lower due to reduced concentration variability. Interannual analysis showed stable skill, with R values exceeding 0.86 across all years. Using the optimized GPR model, 2,258 missing values (5.4% of the dataset) were successfully reconstructed, preserving the temporal dynamics of PM₁₀. The systematic comparison of 28 machine-learning algorithms and three feature-selection strategies identified a low-dimensional predictor subset that performed best within the GPR-based feature-selection evaluation. Partial dependence analysis highlighted the key roles of temperature, dewpoint temperature, surface pressure, mean sea level pressure, forecast albedo, total column water vapor, total column ozone, K-index, and seasonal effects. The results demonstrate that GPR, combined with reanalysis-driven feature selection, provides a reliable and transferable framework for reconstructing missing PM₁₀ records. Beyond data imputation, the study provides a systematic benchmark of machine learning and feature selection strategies to improve the completeness, interpretability, and usability of air quality datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastisphere Formation on Microplastics: A Key Mechanism for Potential Toxic Element Accumulation in Wetlands","authors":"Priyanka Patnaik,&nbsp;Abanti Pradhan,&nbsp;Sangram Kumar Maharana","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10121-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10121-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) serve as dynamic vectors for environmental contaminants, rather than inert physical pollutants, and undergo microbial colonisation, transforming pristine polymers into active bio-interfaces known as the plastisphere. This review provides an overview of current literature about the interactions between microplastics, metal pollutants, and microbes in four different aspects in wetlands: (1) Interaction of microplastics with different types of wetland microbes; (2) EPS-mediated adsorption of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on microplastics (MPs); (3) Factors influencing the adsorption mechanisms of the plastisphere; (4) Trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements carried by the plastisphere. This literature review includes palustrine, estuarine/mangrove, and artificial wetlands, with marine, lake, wastewater, and laboratory studies serving as mechanistic analogues for the wetlands in question. Based on the synthesis of current knowledge, biofouled MPs tend to adsorb more PTEs than pristine MPs, and the adsorption capacity depends on the type of wetland and environmental factors. The physical appearance that resembles natural food is produced by biofilm growth on MPs, and then eaten by small trophic levels. At the same time, the wetland habitats result in rapid PTE desorption, and those metals are then bound to the biofilm, thereby increasing plastisphere bioavailability, systemic tissue translocation, and biomagnification through higher trophic levels. This study illustrates significant gaps in field-based data and emphasises the necessity for real-world environmental exposure investigations to support targeted remediation initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149309621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Mercury Removal from Industrial Waste Water Using Batch Adsorption (Kinetics Isotherm) and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) Techniques","authors":"Dhanalakshmi Mariappan,&nbsp;Aruna Janani Veeraragavan,&nbsp;Saravana Raj A,&nbsp;Saravana Kumar Ganesan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10126-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10126-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The toxic nature of mercury coupled with its ability to persist in the environment and accumulate within organisms make the presence of mercury contaminated industrial effluent a serious threat to both the environment and public health. In this investigation, we assess the effectiveness of two advanced mercury removal processes, batch adsorption (kinetics isotherm) and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) on a industrial effluent with 99 mg/L of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 9 mg/L of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 13,677.98 mg/L of Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Batch adsorption removed 94.3 ± 2.1% of mercury at an optimal concentration of 1 g/L of synthesized charcoal (adsorbent) at pH 6.5 and contact time 120 min obeying pseudo second order kinetics (R² = 0.998) with a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 285.7 mg/g. DLLME out performed batch adsorption with a mercury recovery efficiency of 97.8 ± 1.4% in 3 to 5 min utilizing ionic liquid as extractant with an enrichment factor of 342. Analysis indicated that, there were statistically significant differences between the two methods (ANOVA <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Material regeneration studies after four cycles indicated that, charcoal has an adsorption efficiency of 89.1%, with a corresponding desorption efficiency of 89.5% and the ionic liquid has an extraction efficiency of 91.6% with a recovery of 95.4%. Both methods were successful in reducing the mercury concentrations below World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1 µg/L) from an initial level of 8.5 mg/L. The rapid kinetics of DLLME, along with the ability to regenerate materials for continued use, shows a marked advantage to traditional precipitation-based methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149309868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-Weathering and Soil Solution Modulate the Surface Properties and Transport of Nanoplastics","authors":"Xueyu Zhou,Yingxue Yu,Indranil Chowdhury,Anton Astner,Douglas Gordon Hayes,Markus Flury","doi":"10.1039/d6en00896h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00896h","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics exposed to environmental conditions have been shown to develop eco-coronas. Here, we investigated how the eco-corona impacts the surface properties and transport of nanoplastics in unsaturated sand. Four different plastics, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-based (PBAT) were used in pristine and UV-weathered forms. The nanoplastics were then exposed to a water-extractable soil solution to form an eco-corona. For most nanoplastics the zeta potentials became less negative after UV-weathering, indicating decreased surface charge; except for PBAT, whose zeta potentials became considerably more negative after weathering. The eco-corona caused the zeta potentials of the different nanoplastics to become more similar. The eco-corona decreased contact angles in some cases (PP and PS) but increased the contact angle in others (PE and PBAT). For the UV-weathered nanoplastics, the eco-corona made the contact angles more similar among the different plastic types: contact angles varied from 74.5$^circ$ to 94.8$^circ$ for eco-corona covered nanoplastics vs 77.9$^circ$ to 106.7$^circ$ in absence of the ecocorona. Weathering and eco-corona had no obvious effect on the transport of nanoplastics in sand columns under low ionic strength. This study demonstrates that both UV-weathering and eco-corona formation modify the physicochemical properties of nanoplastics, such as surface charge and hydrophobicity, with a tendency to make different plastics more similar. Exposure of nanoplastics to soil solutions tends to mask the surface properties of different nanoplastic polymers, making them alike in terms of fate and transport.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149305087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Na-doped CuO Nanomaterial for Photocatalytic Degradation of Eosin B dye under UV Light and Their Biological Applications","authors":"Hussain Ahmad,&nbsp;Tamanna Gul,&nbsp;Idrees Khan,&nbsp;Khalid Saeed","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10056-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10056-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water contamination is a critical and severe issue all over the world. The nano-based particles have the potency to overcome water contamination. In the present work, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and sodium modified copper oxide (Na/CuO) NPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as a photocatalyst for degradation against Eosin B (EB) dye under UV light irradiation. The morphology, crystalline nature and size of CuO and Na/CuO NPs were analyzed by XRD and SEM analyses, while the composition of the elements of synthesized NPs by EDX. The FT-IR analysis illustrated peaks at 559, 582, and 829 and 928 cm⁻¹, which might be assigned to the stretching vibrations of Cu–O and Na–Cu–O, respectively. The optical band gap of CuO and Na/CuO NPs was 4.3 and 2.9 Ev, respectively. The photodegradation study presented that Na-doped CuO NPs improves the catalytic degradation as compared to pure CuO NPs and about 87 and 97% dye was degraded by CuO and Na/CuO, respectively in 11 h without using H₂O₂. It was also found that in the presence of H₂O₂, the CuO and Na/CuO NPs degraded about 90 and 92% of dye, respectively within 20 min. Effects of other parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH, initial dye concentration and sustainability of catalyst were also investigated.Further, synthesized NPs exhibit promising antibacterial, antioxidant and Anti-leishmanial properties. The obtained results indicated that the CuO and Na/CuO NPs may use for wastewater treatment and biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149309867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}