环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Construction and Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Efficient Removal of AB113 Dye from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Brahim Arhoun,&nbsp;Maria del Mar Cerrillo-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Maria Villen-Guzman,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Paz-Garcia,&nbsp;Jose Miguel Rodriguez-Maroto","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07809-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07809-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An innovative approach to the treatment of textile wastewater by utilizing fine fractions of construction and demolition waste (CDW) as a cost-effective adsorbent is presented in this work. Through batch experiments, the impact of key parameters on the adsorption process was explored, identifying optimal conditions: natural pH, adsorbent dosage (S/L) of 20 g L⁻¹, and temperature of 20 °C. The characterization of CDW was performed using ICP, BET, FTIR, SEM–EDX, XPS, and XRD. The kinetics of adsorption were effectively described by the Elovich model, while equilibrium adsorption data showed good agreement with the Freundlich model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for acid blue AB113 dye on CDW obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 89.52 mg g^–1. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an exothermic and feasible nature of the adsorption process. The results of this study highlight the potential use of fine CDW as a promising adsorbent to remove acid blue113 dye from textile wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07809-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Assessment of Freshwater Monitoring Under the Eu National Emission Ceilings Directive: Emerging Issues and Way Forward","authors":"Giulia Cesarini,&nbsp;Riccardo Fornaroli,&nbsp;Angela Boggero,&nbsp;Simona Musazzi,&nbsp;Silvia Zaupa,&nbsp;Elzbieta Dumnicka,&nbsp;Aldo Marchetto,&nbsp;Michela Rogora","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07804-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07804-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution has significantly increased during the Anthropocene, adversely affecting ecosystems and human health. The National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD, 2016/2284/EU) set targets for reducing emissions and required Member States to establish a national monitoring network to assess ecosystem changes due to air pollution. For freshwaters, the NECD monitoring focused on assessing effects of sulphur and nitrogen deposition and acidification status using chemical parameters and sensitive biological indicators. This paper evaluates the present NECD monitoring scheme and its applicability in Italy, from site selection to initial data collection. High mountain lakes were selected as study sites, because they are free from direct human impacts and sensitive to air pollutant deposition. A two-year survey of chemical and biological components (diatoms and macroinvertebrates) was conducted in eight lakes with the aim to (1) assess the suitability of chemical parameters and biological indices for evaluating air pollutant impacts on sensitive water bodies in Italy, focusing on acidification and nitrogen enrichment, and (2) discuss the current approach's achievements and limitations. Results highlighted the need to develop specific indices for detecting atmospheric pollution impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Beside acidification, other drivers, including nutrients, proved to be important in shaping mountain lakes biological assemblages and affecting their response to pollutant deposition. Our study contributed to a critical assessment of the present freshwater monitoring under the NECD from the Italian perspective, providing indications on future improvement and development of the monitoring scheme itself.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07804-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue micro-/nanoplastics abundance in the environment: a double threat as a Trojan horse for a plastic-Cu-phthalocyanine pigment and an opportunity for nanoplastic detection via micro-Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Ioana Cârdan, Ion Nesterovschi, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Simona Cîntă Pînzaru","doi":"10.1039/d4en00820k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00820k","url":null,"abstract":"Blue plastics, whether macro- or micro-sized, are intriguingly frequently reported in significant numbers of studies dealing with the contamination of environmental waters or living organisms with microplastics. In our recent investigations on microplastics in environmental waters, we noted abundant blue microfibers and fragments, whose identification was achieved <em>via</em> Raman spectroscopy. Still widely used in the plastics industry, despite awareness raised at a global level, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a blue pigment carried by abundantly used blue plastics, like a “Trojan horse”, is a secondary threat (after plastics) in the trophic chain, being highly resistant to a broad range of conditions. Here, the newly discovered resonance Raman (RR) signal of the blue pigment CuPc embedded in environmentally aged plastics allowed us to lower the minimum size of detectable nanoplastics <em>via</em> micro-Raman spectroscopy down to 500 nm. In addition, we demonstrated nanoplastics detection solely <em>via</em> the CuPc RR signal, a result subsequently validated using SEM–EDX. Based on a visible-NIR Raman spectroscopy investigation of isolated synthetic CuPc compounds, we discussed the observed changes in pigment spectra in blue plastic waste aged for an estimated 20 years, consisting of highly brittle ropes knotted in fishing nets and harvested <em>via</em> scuba diving from the seabed. Thus, the fate of CuPc in environmentally aged blue plastics could provide robust analytical opportunities when studying the impact of aged, blue-coloured plastics at various levels, due to its persistent, selective and specific RR signal. The results are crucial for expanding the capability of Raman tools for further tracking the micro-to-nanoplastic degradation of waste along the trophic chain, improving our understanding of its impact on living organisms.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expired Medicine-Derived Wonder Scavenger for The Removal of Harmful Dyes With No Hazardous Footprint","authors":"Soumen Dey,&nbsp;Gayatri Kumari Sethi,&nbsp;Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal,&nbsp;Saismruti Das,&nbsp;Bidisha Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Himanshu Barik,&nbsp;Jashminirani Swain,&nbsp;Ankita Panda,&nbsp;Md. Atif Qaiyum,&nbsp;Banashree Dey","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07823-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07823-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exorbitant dye contamination in water augments health quandaries in living beings. Besides, expired medicines induce secondary hazards owing to mismanaged, rampant disposal in environments. To quench the dual problem, the waste-to-best protocol was exercised maneuvering the conversion of an expired medicine ‘Oflofrenz-OZ’ to activated carbon (OAC) followed by extraordinary ultrafast scavenging of recalcitrant bromothymol blue (BTB), and crocein orange (CO) from water. The material is well characterized using powder XRD, FESEM-EDX, pH_ZPC, and BET surface area. FESEM exhibits a highly porous morphology, evenly decorated, thereby offering a favorable dye-hosting platform. Outstanding adsorption capacities for BTB and CO (362.318 and 1008.089 mg/g) are powered by ultrafast kinetics, obeying the Langmuir monolayer model (R² = 0.999). Mild alkali-assisted regeneration revives the material by up to 50%, enabling three-cycle reuse. OAC performs well with simulated wastewater from tube-well, tap, and reverse osmosis systems, which synergistically advocates field applicability. The long-hankered disposal problem of dye-loaded spent material has been addressed by converting it to a second-generation carbon-based adsorbent with an 80% yield. Compared with analogous materials, the present material is a clear winner, thanks to its extraordinary adsorption efficacy, economic viability, and zero footprints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-enabled soil management for sustainable agriculture: interactions, challenges, and prospective","authors":"Mohamed El-Sayed, Haytham A. Ayoub, Mohamed Helal, Wenjing Sang, Zheng Shen, Islam Abdelnaser Abdelhafeez","doi":"10.1039/d4en00943f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00943f","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has a pronounced perspective to improve the quality of life through its applications in numerous fields including the agricultural sector. Recently, many applications of nanotechnology in agriculture including crop production and protection with emphasis on nano-fertilizers, nano-irrigation, and nano-enabled remediation strategies for contaminated soils. The functionalization of nanomaterials is a growing solution to solve and enhance many agriculture problems due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials such as their higher ranking, status, and quality and benefit in different fields compared to traditional materials. Recently, numerous studies reported the quite promising effects of nanotechnologies on the agriculture sector. Here, this review aims to provide state-of-the-art sustainable nanotechnologies in soil management. The production routes and features of nanomaterials applicable in agricultural areas will be briefly described. The application of nanotechnology with soil content will be discussed in detail including interaction mechanisms, nanomaterials classification, and various implementations regarding soil remediation and fertility and nano-irrigation systems. The challenges for the application of nanotechnology in soil will be presented. Finally, the prospective trends will be suggested for maximizing nanotechnology performance and enhancing soil quality.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of Mesoporous Gd-substituted Ni-Co Ferrites as Adsorbents for Efficient Elimination of Congo Red Dye and Oxytetracycline","authors":"Iryna Starko,&nbsp;Tetiana Tatarchuk,&nbsp;Krystian Sokolowski,&nbsp;Mu. Naushad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07816-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07816-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates the structure, morphology, and adsorption properties of Gd-doped Ni-Co ferrites synthesized via a modified reduction method. Physicochemical analysis of the Gd-doped and undoped Ni-Co ferrites was conducted using TG-DTG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and BET techniques. The XRD analysis revealed an increase in the lattice parameter due to the substitution of Fe ions by Gd ions, impacting the crystallite size, which decreased from 14 to 4 nm. Additionally, the synthesized powders exhibited a well-developed mesoporous structure and a significantly increased specific surface area, reaching up to 139 m²/g. The study indicated that the presence of Gd(III) ions led to the distortion of octahedral sublattices, resulting in the formation of surface-active centers and a modification of the surface charge of the ferrites. This modification led to improved adsorption properties of Gd-substituted ferrites in solutions with natural pH. The adsorption studies demonstrated the enhanced capacity of the Ni_0.5Co_0.5Gd_0.05Fe_1.95O₄ sample of 254 mg(CR)/g and 298 mg(OTC)/g, which are three times and two times higher, respectively, compared to the undoped NCF sample. The adsorption mechanism was best described by the Langmuir model, indicating chemisorption during pollutant removal, supported by the calculated adsorption energy ranging from 14.74 to 18.90 kJ/mol. XPS and FTIR analyses showed that CR and OTC adsorption onto Gd-doped ferrite samples involves the chemisorption. The study concludes that the modified reductive coprecipitation method contributes to the formation of a mesoporous surface, while Gd substitution significantly enhances both surface charge and, as a consequence, the adsorption properties. This work sheds light on the potential of Gd doping to produce advanced adsorbents for water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Detection of Perchlorate in Water and Food Samples, Health Impacts, and Analytical Methods","authors":"Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;MuthuKumar Raghunathan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07803-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07803-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perchlorate is a persistent and long-lasting pollutant discovered in many water and food sources worldwide, causing widespread concern. It is a hormone disruptor that impacts human health by interfering with the thyroid gland's natural function. It is rapidly absorbed in humans and experimental animals following oral administration. Adults, fetuses, and neonates who are iodine-deficient may be particularly vulnerable to perchlorate sensitivity. Since perchlorate is widely present in surface water and groundwater, it is exposed to the aquatic environment. Solid fuels, ammunition, fireworks, fertilizers, vehicle airbag activators, and flares contain perchlorate as an oxidizing agent. Currently, many studies are being done on determining sources and remedial methods. For biological and environmental matrices, trace perchlorate levels have been measured in drinking water, sewage, milk, beer, blood, saliva, breast milk, fruits, and vegetables. The goal of this review focuses on analytical methods of perchlorate detection and prospects.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Modelling based Optimization of Azo-dye Adsorption by Polyurethane Sponge Containing Sodium Alginate-TiO2-NPs for Small Scale Industry","authors":"Jamjam Waqeel,&nbsp;Shams Tabrez Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07813-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07813-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presence of azo dyes in industrial wastewater is an environmental and health hazard. The available removal methods generally are high cost and difficult to operate. This study optimizes Reactive Black 5 (RB5) adsorption process using polyurethane sponge containing sodium alginate and TiO₂ NPs (PSAT). The results show that Langmuir isotherm (R²-0.999) was best fitted isotherm and Elovich (R²-0.99) was the best fit kinetic model. The Central Composite Design (CCD) assessment guided by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modelling was used to optimize variables (pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time) for dye removal. The ANOVA analysis of the results from 17 experiments suggested by RSM shows that all three parameters significantly affect the dye adsorption capacity. Under optimal set of condition (pH 7, initial dye concentration of 102.5 mg/L, and a contact time of 255 min) a maximum removal of 59.61 ± 2.26% was predicted by RSM, which in our experiment was found to 59.32 ± 2.36%. The R² value (0.99) of quadratic correlation established to calculate the optimum conditions were in good agreement with the adjusted R² (0.98). The adsorbent was thoroughly studied using TEM, SEM with EDS, and FTIR. It is concluded that PSAT can be used as a low-cost, and easy to use adsorbent for the removal of azo dyes from small scale industry wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances Toward Biochar Immobilized Microorganisms for the Remediation of Heavy Metals from Water and Soil: A Review","authors":"Neng-Jia Feng,&nbsp;Ling-Jun Kong,&nbsp;Ming-Zhi Huang,&nbsp;Zeng-Hui Diao","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07821-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07821-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the past decade, numerous kinds of heavy metals have been discharged into water and soil environment, which are contaminants with high toxicity to both human beings and environment ecosystem. Biochar has been attracted wide attention due to its advantages of wide sources, large specific surface area and low cost, while biochar immobilized microorganisms also has been widely used to eliminate heavy metals from water and soil. To date, many studies about performance of biochar immobilized microorganism have been reported, but few studies had focused on the reaction mechanism of biochar immobilized microorganism for heavy metals remediation in water and soil. Thus, the recent advances toward the application of biochar-immobilized microorganism in the remediation of heavy metals from water and soil were systematacially summarized in this study, including the influence factors and reaction mechanism of biochar immobilized microorganism. Based on the above overview, the next study on biochar-immobilized microorganism has been prospected. This study could provide theoretical and technical support for biochar immobilized microorganisms in the remediation of heavy metal polluted water and soil.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic Pollution in Terrestrial Systems: Sources and Implications for Soil Functioning and Plant Performance","authors":"Nafiaah Naqash,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Abdul Saddique Shaik,&nbsp;Mir Waqas Alam,&nbsp;Djajadi Djajadi,&nbsp;Dwi Adi Sunarto,&nbsp;Marjani Marjani,&nbsp;Sujak Sujak,&nbsp;Fatkhur Rochman,&nbsp;Diding Rachmawati,&nbsp;Prima Diarini Riajaya,&nbsp;Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati,&nbsp;Farida Rahayu,&nbsp;Atif Khurshid Wani","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07818-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07818-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent years have seen a significant increase in microplastic contamination across terrestrial ecosystems, facilitated by various pathways such as atmospheric deposition, wastewater irrigation, and agricultural plastic mulching. This persistence of microplastics in soil raises concerns about their profound impacts on soil health and ecosystem dynamics. Key studies have highlighted detrimental effects, including reduced soil moisture retention, altered soil microbiota composition, and disrupted nutrient cycling processes. Moreover, microplastic pollution adversely affects soil biota, notably earthworms, crucial for soil nutrient cycling and structure maintenance, exhibiting reduced growth rates and increased mortality upon exposure. Notably, microplastics also influence soil microorganisms, potentially compromising overall soil health and ecosystem functioning. Co-exposure of microplastics and other contaminants can also synergistically exacerbate toxicity, impairing ecological balance. Evidence suggests negative repercussions on plant growth, including diminished seed germination rates and altered nutrient profiles in exposed plants. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive reviews to synthesize existing knowledge, and identify research gaps, necessitating a focus on mitigation strategies. Addressing these issues is critical for safeguarding terrestrial ecosystems and ensuring sustainable environmental management in the face of increasing microplastic contamination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}