Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"C–H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides","authors":"Mingchun Gao, Shaohang Lu and Bin Xu","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00028E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00028E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Past decades have witnessed significant advance of isocyanides as a class of versatile organic synthons as well as their broad applications in multi-component reactions (MCRs) and other tandem reactions. Reactions involving multiple isocyanides allow the construction of molecules with further diversification and complexity, while C–H functionalization emphasizes the advantages of high atom economy, broad substrate availability and great synthetic efficiency. This promising synergistic strategy of C–H functionalization involving multiple isocyanides provides a variety of valuable synthetic methods for organic chemists’ toolbox and offers considerable potential in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science as well. The present review outlines in detail various reaction types of C–H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides, and the relevant mechanistic rationale is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 20","pages":" 10147-10170"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compendium of all-in-one solar-driven water splitting using ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts: guiding the path from the past to the limitless future","authors":"Wei-Kean Chong, Boon-Junn Ng, Lling-Lling Tan and Siang-Piao Chai","doi":"10.1039/D3CS01040F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS01040F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic water splitting represents a leading approach to harness the abundant solar energy, producing hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. Zinc indium sulfide (ZIS) emerges as one of the most captivating candidates attributed to its unique physicochemical and photophysical properties, attracting much interest and holding significant promise in this domain. To develop a highly efficient ZIS-based photocatalytic system for green energy production, it is paramount to comprehensively understand the strengths and limitations of ZIS, particularly within the framework of solar-driven water splitting. This review elucidates the three sequential steps that govern the overall efficiency of ZIS with a sharp focus on the mechanisms and inherent drawbacks associated with each phase, including commonly overlooked aspects such as the jeopardising photocorrosion issue, the neglected oxidative counter surface reaction kinetics in overall water splitting, the sluggish photocarrier dynamics and the undesired side redox reactions. Multifarious material design strategies are discussed to specifically mitigate the formidable limitations and bottleneck issues. This review concludes with the current state of ZIS-based photocatalytic water splitting systems, followed by personal perspectives aimed at elevating the field to practical consideration for future endeavours towards sustainable hydrogen production through solar-driven water splitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 20","pages":" 10080-10146"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd-catalyzed regioselective activation of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds","authors":"Wajid Ali, Gwyndaf A. Oliver, Daniel B. Werz and Debabrata Maiti","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00408F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00408F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Differentiating between two highly similar C–H bonds in a given molecule remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Directing group assisted strategies for the functionalisation of proximal C–H bonds has been known for the last few decades. However, distal C–H bond functionalisation is strenuous and requires distinctly specialised techniques. In this review, we summarise the advancement in Pd-catalysed distal C(sp<small>²</small>)–H and C(sp<small>³</small>)–H bond activation through various redox manifolds including Pd(0)/Pd(<small>II</small>), Pd(<small>II</small>)/Pd(<small>IV</small>) and Pd(<small>II</small>)/Pd(0). Distal C–H functionalisation, where a Pd-catalyst is directly involved in the C–H activation step, either through assistance of an external directing group or directed by an inherent functionality or functional group incorporated at the site of the Pd–C bond is covered. The purpose of this review is to portray the current state of art in Pd-catalysed distal C(sp<small>²</small>)–H and C(sp<small>³</small>)–H functionalisation reactions, their mechanism and application in the late-stage functionalisation of medicinal compounds along with highlighting its limitations, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9904-9953"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals","authors":"Liang Wu, Yi Li, Guo-Qiang Liu and Shu-Hong Yu","doi":"10.1039/D3CS01095C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS01095C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >By engineering chemically identical but structurally distinct materials into intricate and sophisticated polytypic nanostructures, which often surpass their pure phase objects and even produce novel physical and chemical properties, exciting applications in the fields of photovoltaics, electronics and photocatalysis can be achieved. In recent decades, various methods have been developed for synthesizing a library of polytypic nanocrystals encompassing IV, III–V and II–VI polytypic semiconductors. The exceptional performances of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals have been observed, making them highly promising candidates for applications in photonics and electronics. However, achieving high-precision control over the morphology, composition, crystal structure, size, homojunctions, and periodicity of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanostructures remains a significant synthetic challenge. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the synthesis and control of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals using colloidal synthetic strategies. Starting from a concise introduction on the crystal structures of metal chalcogenides, the subsequent discussion delves into the colloidal synthesis of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, followed by an in-depth exploration of the key factors governing polytypic structure construction. Subsequently, we provide comprehensive insights into the physical properties of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, which exhibit strong correlations with their applications. Thereafter, we emphasize the significance of polytypic nanostructures in various applications, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, transistors, thermoelectrics, stress sensors, and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Finally, we present a summary of the recent advancements in this research field and provide insightful perspectives on the forthcoming challenges, opportunities, and future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9832-9873"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and computational aspects of molecular frustrated Lewis pairs for CO2 hydrogenation: en route for heterogeneous systems?†","authors":"Riddhi Kumari Riddhi, Francesc Penas-Hidalgo, Hongmei Chen, Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli, Jérôme Canivet, Caroline Mellot-Draznieks and Albert Solé-Daura","doi":"10.1039/D3CS00267E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS00267E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Catalysis plays a crucial role in advancing sustainability. The unique reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) is driving an ever-growing interest in the transition metal-free transformation of small molecules like CO<small>₂</small> into valuable products. In this area, there is a recent growing incentive to heterogenize molecular FLPs into porous solids, merging the benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis – high activity, selectivity, and recyclability. Despite the progress, challenges remain in preventing deactivation, poisoning, and simplifying catalyst-product separation. This review explores the expanding field of FLPs in catalysis, covering existing molecular FLPs for CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation and recent efforts to design heterogeneous porous systems from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Section 2 discusses experimental examples of CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation by molecular FLPs, starting with stoichiometric reactions and advancing to catalytic ones. It then examines attempts to immobilize FLPs in porous matrices, including siliceous solids, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks, and disordered polymers, highlighting current limitations and challenges. Section 3 then reviews computational studies on the mechanistic details of CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation, focusing on H<small>₂</small> splitting and hydride/proton transfer steps, summarizing efforts to establish structure–activity relationships. It also covers the computational aspects on grafting FLPs inside MOFs. Finally, Section 4 summarizes the main design principles established so far, while addressing the complexities of translating computational approaches into the experimental realm, particularly in heterogeneous systems. This section underscores the need to strengthen the dialogue between theoretical and experimental approaches in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9874-9903"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplasmonic biosensors for environmental sustainability and human health","authors":"Wenpeng Liu, Kyungwha Chung, Subin Yu and Luke P. Lee","doi":"10.1039/D3CS00941F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS00941F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Monitoring the health conditions of the environment and humans is essential for ensuring human well-being, promoting global health, and achieving sustainability. Innovative biosensors are crucial in accurately monitoring health conditions, uncovering the hidden connections between the environment and human well-being, and understanding how environmental factors trigger autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. This review evaluates the use of nanoplasmonic biosensors that can monitor environmental health and human diseases according to target analytes of different sizes and scales, providing valuable insights for preventive medicine. We begin by explaining the fundamental principles and mechanisms of nanoplasmonic biosensors. We investigate the potential of nanoplasmonic techniques for detecting various biological molecules, extracellular vesicles (EVs), pathogens, and cells. We also explore the possibility of wearable nanoplasmonic biosensors to monitor the physiological network and healthy connectivity of humans, animals, plants, and organisms. This review will guide the design of next-generation nanoplasmonic biosensors to advance sustainable global healthcare for humans, the environment, and the planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10491-10522"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemistry, applications, and future prospects of structured liquids†","authors":"Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Ali Akbar Isari, Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad, Feng Jiang, Thomas P. Russell, Orlando J. Rojas and Mohammad Arjmand","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00549J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00549J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Structured liquids are emerging functional soft materials that combine liquid flowability with solid-like structural stability and spatial organization. Here, we delve into the chemistry and underlying principles of structured liquids, ranging from nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) to supramolecular assemblies and interfacial jamming. We then highlight recent advancements related to the design of intricate all-liquid 3D structures and examine their reconfigurability. Additionally, we demonstrate the versatility of these soft functional materials through innovative applications, such as all-liquid microfluidic devices and liquid microreactors. We envision that in the future, the vast potential of the liquid–liquid interface combined with human creativity will pave the way for innovative platforms, exemplified by current developments like liquid batteries and circuits. Although still in its nascent stages, the field of structured liquids holds immense promise, with future applications across various sectors poised to harness their transformative capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9652-9717"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavier group 14-transition metal π-complex congeners","authors":"Terrance J. Hadlington","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00497C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00497C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since the dawn of organometallic chemistry, transition metal complexes of unsaturated organic molecules, namely π-complexes, have remained a central focus: our thorough understanding of the electronic nature of such species, and their importance in countless reactive processes continues to drive research in their synthesis and utilisation. Since the late 1900s, research regarding the related chemistry for the heavier group 14 elements has become increasingly more fervent. Today, heavier congeners of a vast array of classical π-complexes have been realised, from alkene to arene systems, involving Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. This has given deeper insights into the bonding observed for these heavier elements, which typically involves a lessened degree of π-bonding and an increased polarisation. This review aims to summarise this field, identifying these disparities, and highlighting areas which we believe may be exciting for future exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9718-9737"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00497c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop recyclable polymers: from monomer and polymer design to the polymerization–depolymerization cycle","authors":"Shuaiqi Yang, Shuai Du, Jin Zhu and Songqi Ma","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00663A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00663A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The extensive utilization of plastic, as a symbol of modern technological society, has consumed enormous amounts of finite and non-renewable fossil resources and produced huge amounts of plastic wastes in the land or ocean, and thus recycling and reuse of the plastic wastes have great ecological and economic benefits. Closed-loop recyclable polymers with inherent recyclability can be readily depolymerized into monomers with high selectivity and purity and repolymerized into polymers with the same performance. They are deemed to be the next generation of recyclable polymers and have captured great and increasing attention from academia and industry. Herein, we provide an overview of readily closed-loop recyclable polymers based on monomer and polymer design and no-other-reactant-involved reversible ring-opening and addition polymerization reactions. The state-of-the-art of circular polymers is separately summarized and discussed based on different monomers, including lactones, thiolactones, cyclic carbonates, hindered olefins, cycloolefins, thermally labile olefin comonomers, cyclic disulfides, cyclic (dithio) acetals, lactams, Diels–Alder addition monomers, Michael addition monomers, anhydride–secondary amide monomers, and cyclic anhydride–aldehyde monomers, and polymers with activatable end groups. The polymerization and depolymerization mechanisms are clearly disclosed, and the evolution of the monomer structure, the polymerization and depolymerization conditions, the corresponding polymerization yield, molecular weight, performance of the polymers, monomer recovery, and depolymerization equipment are also systematically summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects are also highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9609-9651"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142034563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrinsically conducting MOFs: guest-promoted enhancement of electrical conductivity, thin film fabrication and applications","authors":"Rajat Saha and Carlos J. Gómez García","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00141A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00141A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conductive metal–organic frameworks are of current interest in chemical science because of their applications in chemiresistive sensing, electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, <em>etc.</em> Different strategies have been employed to design conductive frameworks. In this review, we discuss the influence of different types of guest species incorporated within the pores or channels of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers (PCPs) to generate charge transfer pathways and modulate their electrical conductivity. We have classified dopants or guest species into three different categories: (i) metal-based dopants, (ii) molecule and molecular entities and (iii) organic conducting polymers. Different types of metal ions, metal nano-clusters and metal oxides have been used to enhance electrical conductivity in MOFs. Metal ions and metal nano-clusters depend on the hopping process for efficient charge transfer whereas metal-oxides show charge transport through the metal–oxygen pathway. Several types of molecules or molecular entities ranging from neutral TCNQ, I<small>₂</small>, and fullerene to ionic methyl viologen, organometallic like nickelcarborane, <em>etc.</em> have been used. In these cases, the charge transfer process varies with the guest species. When organic conducting polymers are the guest, the charge transport occurs through the polymer chains, mostly based on extended π-conjugation. Here we provide a comprehensive and critical review of these strategies to add electrical conductivity to the, in most cases, otherwise insulating MOFs and PCPs. We point out the guest encapsulation process, the geometry and structure of the resulting host–guest complex, the host–guest interactions and the charge transport mechanism for each case. We also present the methods for thin film fabrication of conducting MOFs (both, liquid–phase and gas–phase based methods) and their most relevant applications like electrocatalysis, sensing, charge storage, photoconductivity, photocatalysis,… We end this review with the main obstacles and challenges to be faced and the appealing perspectives of these 21<small>^st</small> century materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9490-9559"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00141a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}