Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Advances in conducting nanocomposite hydrogels for wearable biomonitoring","authors":"Arpita Roy, Ronak Afshari, Saumya Jain, Yuting Zheng, Min-Hsuan Lin, Shea Zenkar, Junyi Yin, Jun Chen, Nicholas A. Peppas and Nasim Annabi","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00220B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00220B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent advancements in wearable biosensors and bioelectronics have led to innovative designs for personalized health management devices, with biocompatible conducting nanocomposite hydrogels emerging as a promising building block for soft electronics engineering. In this review, we provide a comprehensive framework for advancing biosensors using these engineered nanocomposite hydrogels, highlighting their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, flexibility, self-healing, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable architecture, broadening their biomedical applications. We summarize key properties of nanocomposite hydrogels for thermal, biomechanical, electrophysiological, and biochemical sensing applications on the human body, recent progress in nanocomposite hydrogel design and synthesis, and the latest technologies in developing flexible and wearable devices. This review covers various sensor types, including strain, physiological, and electrochemical sensors, and explores their potential applications in personalized healthcare, from daily activity monitoring to versatile electronic skin applications. Furthermore, we highlight the blueprints of design, working procedures, performance, detection limits, and sensitivity of these soft devices. Finally, we address challenges, prospects, and future outlook for advanced nanocomposite hydrogels in wearable sensors, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of their current state and future potential in healthcare applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2595-2652"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in potassium metal batteries: electrodes, interfaces and electrolytes","authors":"Jianlu Sun, Yichen Du, Yijiang Liu, Dongbo Yan, Xiaodong Li, Dong Ha Kim, Zhiqun Lin and Xiaosi Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00845F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00845F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The exceptional theoretical capacity of potassium metal anodes (687 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>), along with their low electrochemical potential, makes potassium metal batteries (PMBs) highly attractive for achieving high energy density. This review first provides an overview of potassium metal anodes, including their origin, current development status, and distinctive advantages compared to other metal anodes. Then, it discusses the composition and characteristics of emerging breakthrough PMBs, such as K–S, K–O<small>₂</small>, K–CO<small>₂</small> batteries, and anode-free metal batteries. Subsequently, we delve into the pivotal challenges and theoretical research pertaining to PMBs, such as potassium metal nucleation/stripping, dendritic growth in PMBs, and unstable interfaces. Furthermore, we comprehensively examine the latest strategies in electrode design (including alloy, host, and current collector design), interface engineering (such as artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers, barrier layer design, and separator modification), and electrolyte optimization concerning nucleation, cycling stability, coulombic efficiency, and the development of PMBs. Finally, we introduce key characterization techniques, including <em>in situ</em> liquid phase secondary ion mass spectrometry, titration gas chromatography, neutron-based characterization, and computational simulation. This review will propel advancements in electrodes, separators, and electrolytes for innovative PMBs and other similar alkali metal batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2543-2594"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d4cs00845f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction development: a student's checklist†","authors":"Jasper L. Tyler, Dirk Trauner and Frank Glorius","doi":"10.1039/D4CS01046A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS01046A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >So you’ve discovered a reaction. But how do you turn this new discovery into a fully-fledged program that maximises the potential of your novel transformation? Herein, we provide a student's checklist to serve as a helpful guide for synthesis development, allowing you to thoroughly investigate the chemistry in question while ensuring that no key aspect of the project is overlooked. A wide variety of the most illuminating synthetic and spectroscopic techniques will be summarised, in conjunction with literature examples and our own insights, to provide sound justifications for their implementation towards the goal of developing new reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 7","pages":" 3272-3292"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C–H functionalization through benzylic deprotonation with π-coordination or cation–π-interactions","authors":"Hui Zhu(s), Yu Wu, Jianyou Mao, Jingkai Xu, Patrick J. Walsh and Hang Shi","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00466C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00466C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Benzylic C–H functionalization is a valuable tool to make complex aromatic molecules from simple, readily available alkylbenzenes. While methods that involve benzylic radicals or cations generated by hydrogen atom transfer or oxidation have been well demonstrated, they often require oxidative conditions. In contrast, deprotonation methods offer a complementary approach to transform benzylic C–H bonds through a benzylic carbanion generated by deprotonation. Electrophilic transition metal complexes acidify benzylic protons upon π-coordination to the phenyl ring of substrates, facilitating deprotonation by stabilizing the corresponding benzylic carbanion. Cation-complexes with group(I) metals also acidify benzylic C–H bonds. These approaches enable a significant expansion of the scope and diversity of alkylarenes with various electrophilic reagents. In this review, we discuss the development of benzylic functionalization through deprotonation of η<small>⁶</small>-arene complexes of transition-metals and cation–π interactions with group(I) metals, as well as progress made in catalysis through reversible arene–metal interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2520-2542"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in polymer semiconductors with excellent electron transport performances","authors":"Yunchao Zhang, Weifeng Zhang, Zhihui Chen, Liping Wang and Gui Yu","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00504J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00504J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Benefiting from molecular design and device innovation, electronic devices based on polymer semiconductors have achieved significant developments and gradual commercialization over the past few decades. Most of high-performance polymer semiconductors that have been prepared exhibit p-type performances, and records of their carrier mobilities are constantly being broken through. Although ambipolar and n-type polymers are necessary for constructing p–n heterojunctions and logic circuits, only a few materials show outstanding device performances, which leads to their developments lagging far behind that of p-type analogues. As a consequence, it is extremely significant to summarize polymer semiconductors with excellent electron transport performances. This review focuses on the design considerations and bonding modes between monomers of polymer semiconductors with high electron mobilities. To enhance electron transport performances of polymer semiconductors, the structural modification strategies are described in detail. Subsequently, the electron transport, thermoelectric, mixed ionic–electronic conduction, intrinsically stretchable, photodetection, and spin transport performances of high-electron mobility polymers are discussed from the perspective of molecular engineering. In the end, the challenges and prospects in this research field are presented, which provide valuable guidance for the design of polymer semiconductors with excellent electron transport performances and the exploration of more advanced applications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2483-2519"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonaceous materials in structural dimensions for advanced oxidation processes","authors":"Yunpeng Wang, Ya Liu, Huayang Zhang, Xiaoguang Duan, Jun Ma, Hongqi Sun, Wenjie Tian and Shaobin Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00338A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00338A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbonaceous materials have attracted extensive research and application interests in water treatment owing to their advantageous structural and physicochemical properties. Despite the significant interest and ongoing debates on the mechanisms through which carbonaceous materials facilitate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), a systematic summary of carbon materials across all dimensions (0D–3D nanocarbon to bulk carbon) in various AOP systems remains absent. Addressing this gap, the current review presents a comprehensive analysis of various carbon/oxidant systems, exploring carbon quantum dots (0D), nanodiamonds (0D), carbon nanotubes (1D), graphene derivatives (2D), nanoporous carbon (3D), and biochar (bulk 3D), across different oxidant systems: persulfates (peroxymonosulfate/peroxydisulfate), ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and high-valent metals (Mn(<small>VII</small>)/Fe(<small>VI</small>)). Our discussion is anchored on the identification of active sites and elucidation of catalytic mechanisms, spanning both radical and nonradical pathways. By dissecting catalysis-related factors such as sp<small>²</small>/sp<small>³</small> C, defects, and surface functional groups that include heteroatoms and oxygen groups in different carbon configurations, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the catalytic nature of different dimensional carbonaceous materials in AOPs. Furthermore, we address current challenges and underscore the potential for optimizing and innovating water treatment methodologies through the strategic application of carbon-based catalysts. Finally, prospects for future investigations and the associated bottlenecks are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2436-2482"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling high-performance multivalent metal-ion batteries: current advances and future prospects","authors":"Asif Mahmood, Zhe Bai, Tan Wang, Yaojie Lei, Shijian Wang, Bing Sun, Hajra Khan, Karim Khan, Kening Sun and Guoxiu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00929K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00929K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The battery market is primarily dominated by lithium technology, which faces severe challenges because of the low abundance and high cost of lithium metal. In this regard, multivalent metal-ion batteries (MVIBs) enabled by multivalent metal ions (<em>e.g.</em> Zn<small>²⁺</small>, Mg<small>²⁺</small>, Ca<small>²⁺</small>, Al<small>³⁺</small>, <em>etc.</em>) have received great attention as an alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) due to the high abundance and low cost of multivalent metals, high safety and higher volumetric capacities. However, the successful application of these battery chemistries requires careful control over electrode and electrolyte chemistries due to the higher charge density and slower kinetics of multivalent metal ions, structural instability of the electrode materials, and interfacial resistance, <em>etc.</em> This review comprehensively explores the recent advancements in electrode and electrolyte materials as well as separators for MVIBs, highlighting the potential of MVIBs to outperform Li-ion batteries regarding cost, energy density and safety. The review first summarizes the recent progress and fundamental charge storage mechanism in several MVIB chemistries, followed by a summary of major challenges. Then, a thorough account of the recently proposed methodologies is given including progress in anode/cathode design, electrolyte modifications, transition to semi-solid- and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), modifications in separators as well as a description of advanced characterization tools towards understanding the charge storage mechanism. The review also accounts for the recent trend of using artificial intelligence in battery technology. The review concludes with a discussion on prospects, emphasizing the importance of material innovation and sustainability. Overall, this review provides a detailed overview of the current state and future directions of MVIB technology, underscoring its significance in advancing next-generation energy storage solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2369-2435"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models and simulations of structural DNA nanotechnology reveal fundamental principles of self-assembly","authors":"Alexander Cumberworth and Aleks Reinhardt","doi":"10.1039/D4CS01095G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS01095G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >DNA is not only a centrally important molecule in biology: the specificity of bonding that allows it to be the primary information storage medium for life has also allowed it to become one of the most promising materials for designing intricate, self-assembling structures at the nanoscale. While the applications of these structures are both broad and highly promising, the self-assembly process itself has attracted interest not only for the practical applications of designing structures with more efficient assembly pathways, but also due to a desire to understand the principles underlying self-assembling systems more generally, of which DNA-based systems provide intriguing and unique examples. Here, we review the fundamental physical principles that underpin the self-assembly process in the field of DNA nanotechnology, with a specific focus on simulation and modelling and what we can learn from them. In particular, we compare and contrast DNA origami and bricks and briefly outline other approaches, with an overview of concepts such as cooperativity, nucleation and hysteresis; we also explain how nucleation barriers can be controlled and why they can be helpful in ensuring error-free assembly. While high-resolution models may be needed to obtain accurate system-specific properties, often very simple coarse-grained models are sufficient to extract the fundamentals of the underlying physics and can enable us to gain deep insight. By combining experimental and simulation approaches to understand the details of the self-assembly process, we can optimise its yields and fidelity, which may in turn facilitate its use in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2344-2368"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d4cs01095g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic regulation of ferroelectric polarization using external stimuli for efficient water splitting and beyond","authors":"Sundaram Chandrasekaran, Qingping Wang, Qiong Liu, Huihui Wang, Dingrong Qiu, Huidan Lu, Yongping Liu, Chris Bowen and Haitao Huang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS01322K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS01322K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Establishing and regulating the ferroelectric polarization in ferroelectric nano-scale catalysts has been recognized as an emerging strategy to advance water splitting reactions, with the merits of improved surface charge density, high charge transfer rate, increased electronic conductivity, the creation of real active sites, and optimizing the chemisorption energy. As a result, engineering and tailoring the ferroelectric polarization induced internal electric field provides significant opportunities to improve the surface and electronic characteristics of catalysts, thereby enhancing the water splitting reaction kinetics. In this review, an interdisciplinary and comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the construction, characterization, engineering and regulation of the polarization in ferroelectric-based catalysts for water splitting is provided, by exploiting a variety of external stimuli. This review begins with a detailed overview of the classification, benefits, and identification methodologies of the ferroelectric polarization induced internal electric field; this offers significant insights for an in-depth analysis of ferroelectric-based catalysts. Subsequently, we explore the underlying structure–activity relationships for regulating the ferroelectric polarization using a range of external stimuli which include mechanical, magnetic, and thermal fields to achieve efficient water splitting, along with a combination of two or more fields. The review then highlights emerging strategies for multi-scale design and theoretical prediction of the relevant factors to develop highly promising ferroelectric catalysts for efficient water splitting. Finally, we present the challenges and perspectives on the potential research avenues in this fascinating and new field. This review therefore delivers an in-depth examination of the strategies to engineer the ferroelectric polarization for the next-generation of water electrolysis devices, systems and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":" 2275-2343"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum life science: biological nano quantum sensors, quantum technology-based hyperpolarized MRI/NMR, quantum biology, and quantum biotechnology","authors":"Hiroshi Yukawa, Hidetoshi Kono, Hitoshi Ishiwata, Ryuji Igarashi, Yoichi Takakusagi, Shigeki Arai, Yu Hirano, Tetsuya Suhara and Yoshinobu Baba","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00650J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00650J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The emerging field of quantum life science combines principles from quantum physics and biology to study fundamental life processes at the molecular level. Quantum mechanics, which describes the properties of small particles, can help explain how quantum phenomena such as tunnelling, superposition, and entanglement may play a role in biological systems. However, capturing these effects in living systems is a formidable challenge, as it involves dealing with dissipation and decoherence caused by the surrounding environment. We overview the current status of the quantum life sciences from technologies and topics in quantum biology. Technologies such as biological nano quantum sensors, quantum technology-based hyperpolarized MRI/NMR, high-speed 2D electronic spectrometers, and computer simulations are being developed to address these challenges. These interdisciplinary fields have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of living organisms and lead to advancements in genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and bioengineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 7","pages":" 3293-3322"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d4cs00650j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}