Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Carbon nanotube nanofluidics†","authors":"Zhongwu Li and Aleksandr Noy","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00233H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00233H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fluid flow under extreme spatial confinement exhibits unusual physical behaviors. This <em>nanofluidic</em> transport regime is relevant to a variety of mass transport, separation, and energy production processes in biological and industrial systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer a nearly ideal platform for exploring nanofluidic transport because of their extremely narrow, smooth, hydrophobic inner pores, which enable very fast molecular flow while providing strong selectivity. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of nanofluidics in CNTs, focusing on the basic physics of mass transport in CNTs, various experimental platforms developed to investigate these phenomena, and key results on the permeation of water, protons, and ions. We focus on the critical factors that influence transport efficiency and selectivity, such as slip flow and charge regulation in CNTs, and the roles of entrance effects, dehydration processes and ion–charge interactions at the CNT entrances. We also explore the confinement effects, highlighting how the unique one-dimensional structure of CNTs imposes distinct constraints on fluid behavior and leads to novel single-file transport phenomena. Finally, we address current challenges and future directions of CNT nanofluidics.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 8582-8635"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d5cs00233h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic design for zinc-based energy storage devices: principles, challenges and opportunities","authors":"Jian Song, Qian Zhang, Guangjie Yang, Kai Qi, Xue Li, Zhenlu Liu, Haoqi Yang, Ho Seok Park, Shaohua Jiang, Jingquan Han, Shuijian He and Bao Yu Xia","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00093A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00093A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing demand for safe, sustainable, and cost-effective energy storage technologies has accelerated the development of zinc-based energy storage (ZES) devices, which leverage aqueous electrolytes to achieve high safety, environmental compatibility, and affordability. Despite their potential and developments, ZES devices face critical challenges such as limited electrode stability, short cycle life, and susceptibility to electrolyte-induced corrosion, which impede their scalability and practical applications. Drawing inspiration from nature, biomimetic design provides innovative strategies to address these limitations by mimicking the hierarchical organization, mechanical robustness, and multifunctionality of biological systems. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in biomimetic designs for aqueous ZES devices, emphasizing how structural, functional, surface and interfacial bionics influence the electrochemical performance of ZES components. Key design principles, including the selection of biomimetic raw materials, construction of bionic structures, and optimization of material properties, are explored in detail. Finally, this review discusses current challenges and future perspectives for advancing ZES technologies through biomimetic principles, offering valuable insights into bridging natural design principles with advanced materials engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 8071-8135"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-in-one neuromorphic hardware with 2D material technology: current status and future perspective","authors":"Guobin Zhang, Qi Luo, Jiacheng Yao, Shuai Zhong, Hua Wang, Fei Xue, Bin Yu, Kian Ping Loh and Yishu Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00251F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00251F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The exponential growth of data in the era of big data has led to a surging demand for computing power that outpaces the current pace of expansion in traditional computing architectures. Non-von Neumann architectures have emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. Concurrently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, including high carrier mobility, excellent physical responsivity (to photons, gases, tactile stimuli, <em>etc.</em>), and the potential for integration with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of 2D material-based sensing devices catering to various human senses, as well as the integration of such devices with computation and memory units. Furthermore, the review delves into the recent advancements in 2D material-based sensing, memory, and computation all-in-one arrays, highlighting their potential for realizing human-mimicking data processing technologies. The perspective underscores the promising avenues and potential applications of 2D materials integrated with CMOS technology in shaping the future landscape of neuromorphic computing and sensory-cognitive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 18","pages":" 8196-8242"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing biosafety in photodynamic therapy: progress and perspectives","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Zhao, Lu Lu, Hyunsun Jeong, Heejeong Kim, Xingshu Li, Hua Zhang and Juyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00054H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00054H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive method with minimal drug-resistance, high spatiotemporal selectivity, and involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phototherapy methods, plays an increasingly vital role in cancer treatment. Throughout the development of PDT, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers (PSs) has been a consistent research focus. However, the continuous progress and widespread use of PDT have highlighted the importance of its safety. For instance, the significant side effects of PSs remain a notable issue, given that traditional PSs utilize an “always-ON” strategy, leading to severe phototoxic symptoms such as burning sensations, skin redness, and scabbing. Furthermore, patients must avoid natural light exposure for several weeks post-treatment. Additionally, attention should be directed towards the metabolism and clearance pathway, a critical pharmacokinetic feature that eliminates unwanted materials from the body post-treatment to prevent toxicity and damage. This review summarizes recent developments in smart PSs that exhibit highly effective cancer therapeutic functions with enhanced biosafety, addressing the inconveniences faced by patients following conventional PDT. In addition, the review discusses the challenges and future prospects for promoting the increasing application of PDT in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 7749-7768"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d5cs00054h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium-68-labeled radiopharmaceuticals: a review","authors":"Karan S. Tanwar and Mukesh K. Pandey","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00392J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00392J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This review delves into the realm of gallium-68 (<small>⁶⁸</small>Ga)-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Over the last decade, <small>⁶⁸</small>Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals have gained prominence and shown tremendous growth in both preclinical evaluation and clinical translation due to their accessibility, favourable physical properties, and simple chemistry. Despite the high positron emission energy of 836 keV, it has been extensively used in diagnostic imaging. The present review aims to elucidate the status of various potential and clinically relevant <small>⁶⁸</small>Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, as well as their preclinical and clinical stages. In this review article, we briefly discuss the physical characteristics, mode of production, suitable bifunctional chelators, and radiolabeling chemistry of <small>⁶⁸</small>Ga. Various <small>⁶⁸</small>Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are discussed with respect to their biological targets, preclinical results, clinical results if available, and their current state of readiness for clinical translation and application in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 16","pages":" 7421-7483"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Cu-based small-pore zeolites towards NH3-SCR for NOx abatement","authors":"Jinfeng Han, Dan Li and Jihong Yu","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00283D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00283D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH<small>₃</small>-SCR) stands as the most effective technology for mitigating nitrogen oxide (NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>) emissions from diesel engines and industrial sources. Over the past few decades, Cu-based small-pore zeolites have emerged as leading catalysts for NH<small>₃</small>-SCR owing to their broad operational temperature window, exceptional N<small>₂</small> selectivity, superior low-temperature activity, and robust hydrothermal stability. This review systematically provides the structural and mechanistic aspects governing the performance of Cu-based small-pore zeolites. First, it introduces the speciation of Cu active sites (<em>e.g.</em>, Cu<small>²⁺</small>, [Cu(OH)]<small>⁺</small>, CuO<small>_<em>x</em></small> oligomers, and CuO<small>_<em>x</em></small> clusters), their introduction methods (ion exchange, one-pot synthesis, and impregnation methods), and their distinct roles in standard and fast SCR reaction mechanisms. Subsequently, the influence of zeolite topologies, including <strong>CHA</strong>, <strong>AEI</strong>, <strong>AFX</strong>, <strong>ERI</strong>, <strong>LTA</strong>, <strong>KFI</strong>, and intergrowth and cocrystallized structures, on catalytic performance is addressed. The impact of synthesis strategies (traditional hydrothermal synthesis, interzeolite transformation synthesis, solvent-free synthesis, and seed-assisted methods) on catalytic activity and framework stability is also described. Furthermore, this review discusses the dual roles of the framework Si/Al ratio: a lower framework Si/Al ratio enhances low-temperature activity by increasing Brønsted acid sites and active Cu loading, albeit at the expense of declined hydrothermal stability due to framework instability, while a higher framework Si/Al ratio improves hydrothermal stability by reducing dealumination susceptibility, though this comes with decreased low-temperature activity. The strategies to reconcile this trade-off, such as Al distribution optimization, defect passivation, secondary cation incorporation (<em>e.g.</em>, Sm<small>³⁺</small>, Ce<small>³⁺</small>, and La<small>³⁺</small>), core–shell architecture design, and use of metal oxide composites, are comprehensively presented. This review also addresses chemical poisoning (sulfur, phosphorus, alkali metal, and hydrocarbon poisoning) and mitigation strategies, as well as N<small>₂</small>O formation and control. Finally, this review highlights key opportunities and persistent challenges for NH<small>₃</small>-SCR catalysts in meeting future emission standards (such as Euro 7, United States Environmental Protection Agency 2027) and addressing exhaust from carbon-neutral internal combustion engines, providing a future research direction in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 7933-7965"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reticular framework materials as versatile platforms for controllable polymer synthesis†","authors":"Zhiwei Xing, Sai Wang and Qi Sun","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00749F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00749F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymers play a crucial role in a wide range of applications, and achieving precise control over their primary structures (<em>e.g.</em>, molecular weight, tacticity) and higher-order architectures (<em>e.g.</em>, cross-linking density, macroscopic morphology) remains a significant challenge in modern materials science. Traditional polymerization methods often fall short in achieving the necessary structural precision, limiting the development of advanced functional polymers. The emergence of reticular framework materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), offers promising solutions to these limitations. This Review systematically examines the unique properties of these materials, with a focus on their molecularly tunable pore architectures and compositions, which provide versatile platforms for controlled polymer synthesis. These materials enable three primary strategies: (1) serving as confined nanoreactors to spatially regulate polymer growth, (2) offering tailored reaction sites for controlling polymer network morphology, and (3) acting as heterogeneous catalysts to enhance the efficiency and uniformity of linear polymer production. For each strategy, we delve into the underlying polymerization mechanisms and present illustrative examples that demonstrate key design principles. These advancements have led to the development of novel polymer materials with superior properties compared to those synthesized through conventional methods, driving innovation in fields such as energy storage, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. Finally, we discuss future research directions and key challenges, including the need to improve controlled polymerization in terms of regioselectivity, stereoregularity, molecular weight distribution, and sequence control, while also advancing strategies to program macroscopic polymer morphologies. We anticipate that ongoing progress in the functionalization and fabrication of reticular framework materials will enable synthetic precision comparable to that of biological systems, unlocking unprecedented control over polymer design and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 8019-8070"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols","authors":"Xu Yan, Wei Feng, Jiong Xu Ng, Jiaxin Li, Ying Liu, Bo Zhang, Pan-Lin Shao and Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00966E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00966E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Enantiopure vicinal amino alcohols and their derivatives are widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, bioactive compounds, and functional materials. They also play a crucial role as chiral ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Consequently, the synthesis of chiral vicinal amino alcohols has remained a key focus in synthetic chemistry, with an expansion of efficient strategies developed in recent years. These include asymmetric (transfer) hydrogenation, borrowing hydrogen, aminohydroxylation, ring opening of epoxides and aziridines, nucleophilic addition, reductive coupling, radical reactions and so on. Although some classical approaches have been reviewed in key accounts, novel synthetic strategies introduced in the past two decades have yet to be comprehensively reviewed. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of recent advancements in the synthesis of chiral vicinal amino alcohols, with a particular focus on strategic developments over the past two decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 7966-8018"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice strain inhomogeneity in halide perovskite films: its origins and regulations","authors":"Yun-Kyeong Hong, Yu-Na Lee and Hui-Seon Kim","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00480B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00480B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since perovskite solar cells reached an astonishing power conversion efficiency of 27%, the persistent stability issue has received significant attention, paving the way for a major step up in commercialization. Strain control has been proposed as a promising technology to address the stability issue because defects governing the structural stability are susceptible to lattice strain. Accordingly, various strategies have been developed and found to be effective in terms of device stability. Nevertheless, most of them are based on interface management by varying target molecules at the interface without understanding the underlying fundamentals. In this review article, we thoroughly investigate the origins of lattice strain in perovskite films, ranging from the atomic scale to the bulk scale, and introduced effective approaches to resolve the strain issue by listing relevant materials. Finally, the synergistic effect of strain regulation is discussed to recognize the feasible impact from the perspective of device performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 7870-7912"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d5cs00480b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining biocatalytic and radical retrosynthesis for efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products","authors":"Hans Renata","doi":"10.1039/D5CS00453E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5CS00453E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Retrosynthetic strategies are intimately tied to the tools and methods available at the time of their conception. Recent methodological advancements in both radical and biocatalytic reactions have created numerous possibilities for new and unconventional disconnections. Thus, it comes as no surprise that their applications in multi-step syntheses have allowed many complex molecules to be built in ingenious ways. This review summarizes recent case studies wherein radical-based and enzymatic transformations are combined strategically in multi-step sequences to achieve efficient total syntheses of complex natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 17","pages":" 7913-7932"},"PeriodicalIF":39.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cs/d5cs00453e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}