Zhuoxing Liu, Yifan Si, Cunlong Yu, Lei Jiang and Zhichao Dong
{"title":"Bioinspired superwetting oil–water separation strategy: toward the era of openness†","authors":"Zhuoxing Liu, Yifan Si, Cunlong Yu, Lei Jiang and Zhichao Dong","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00673A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00673A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bioinspired superwetting oil–water separation strategies have received significant attention for their potential in addressing global water scarcity and aquatic pollution challenges. Over the past two decades, the field has rapidly developed, reaching a pivotal phase of innovation in the oil–water separation process. However, many groundbreaking studies have not received extensive scientific recognition. In this review, we systematically examine the application of bioinspired superwetting materials for complex multiscale oil–water separation. We discuss the development of 2D membrane filtration and 3D sponge adsorption materials in confined spaces, summarizing the core separation mechanisms, key research findings, and the evolutionary logic of these materials. Additionally, we highlight emerging open-space separation strategies, emphasizing several novel dynamic separation devices of significant importance. We evaluate and compare the design concepts, separation principles, materials used, comprehensive performance, and existing challenges of these diverse strategies. Finally, we summarize these advantages, critical bottlenecks, and prospects of this field and propose potential solutions for real oil–water separation processes from a general perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 20","pages":" 10012-10043"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hareem Zubairi, Zhilun Lu, Yubo Zhu, Ian M. Reaney and Ge Wang
{"title":"Current development, optimisation strategies and future perspectives for lead-free dielectric ceramics in high field and high energy density capacitors","authors":"Hareem Zubairi, Zhilun Lu, Yubo Zhu, Ian M. Reaney and Ge Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00536H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00536H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To meet the United Nations' sustainable development goal of affordable and clean energy, there has been a growing need for low-cost, green, and safe energy storage technologies. High-field and energy-density capacitors have gained substantial attention from academics and industry, particularly for power electronics, where they will play a key role in optimising the performance of management systems in electric vehicles. The key figure of merit, energy density (<em>W</em><small><sub>rec</sub></small>), for high-field applications has dramatically increased year-on-year from 2020 to 2024, as evidenced by over 250 papers, demonstrating ever larger <em>W</em><small><sub>rec</sub></small> values. This review briefly introduces the background and principles of high energy density ceramics, but its focus is to provide constructive and comprehensive insight into the evaluation of <em>W</em><small><sub>rec</sub></small>, <em>E</em><small><sub>max</sub></small>, Δ<em>P</em>, and <em>η</em>, and more importantly, the normalised metrics, <em>W</em><small><sub>rec</sub></small>/<em>E</em><small><sub>max</sub></small> and <em>W</em><small><sub>rec</sub></small>/Δ<em>P</em> in lead-free dielectric ceramics. We also present several optimisation strategies for materials modification and process innovation that have been recently proposed before providing perspectives for the further development of high-field and high-energy density capacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10761-10790"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00536h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan Regnier, Clara Vega, Dimitris I. Ioannou and Timothy Noël
{"title":"Enhancing electrochemical reactions in organic synthesis: the impact of flow chemistry","authors":"Morgan Regnier, Clara Vega, Dimitris I. Ioannou and Timothy Noël","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00539B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00539B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Utilizing electrons directly offers significant potential for advancing organic synthesis by facilitating novel reactivity and enhancing selectivity under mild conditions. As a result, an increasing number of organic chemists are exploring electrosynthesis. However, the efficacy of electrochemical transformations depends critically on the design of the electrochemical cell. Batch cells often suffer from limitations such as large inter-electrode distances and poor mass transfer, making flow cells a promising alternative. Implementing flow cells, however, requires a foundational understanding of microreactor technology. In this review, we briefly outline the applications of flow electrosynthesis before providing a comprehensive examination of existing flow reactor technologies. Our goal is to equip organic chemists with the insights needed to tailor their electrochemical flow cells to meet specific reactivity requirements effectively. We also highlight the application of reactor designs in scaling up electrochemical processes and integrating high-throughput experimentation and automation. These advancements not only enhance the potential of flow electrosynthesis for the synthetic community but also hold promise for both academia and industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10741-10760"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00539b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HuangJingWei Li, Yu Lin, Junyuan Duan, Qunlei Wen, Youwen Liu and Tianyou Zhai
{"title":"Stability of electrocatalytic OER: from principle to application","authors":"HuangJingWei Li, Yu Lin, Junyuan Duan, Qunlei Wen, Youwen Liu and Tianyou Zhai","doi":"10.1039/D3CS00010A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3CS00010A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen energy, derived from the electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, is considered a promising form of energy to address the energy crisis. However, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses limitations due to sluggish kinetics. Apart from high catalytic activity, the long-term stability of electrocatalytic OER has garnered significant attention. To date, several research studies have been conducted to explore stable electrocatalysts for the OER. A comprehensive review is urgently warranted to provide a concise overview of the recent advancements in the electrocatalytic OER stability, encompassing both electrocatalyst and device developments. This review aims to succinctly summarize the primary factors influencing OER stability, including morphological/phase change and electrocatalyst dissolution, as well as mechanical detachment, alongside chemical, mechanical, and operational degradation observed in devices. Furthermore, an overview of contemporary approaches to enhance stability is provided, encompassing electrocatalyst design (structural regulation, protective layer coating, and stable substrate anchoring) and device optimization (bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers, and membranes). Hopefully, more attention will be paid to ensuring the stable operation of electrocatalytic OER and the future large-scale water electrolysis applications. This review presents design principles aimed at addressing challenges related to the stability of electrocatalytic OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10709-10740"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinlu Zheng, Ziwei Ye, Zeeshan Akmal, Chun He, Jinlong Zhang and Lingzhi Wang
{"title":"Correction: Recent progress in SERS monitoring of photocatalytic reactions","authors":"Xinlu Zheng, Ziwei Ye, Zeeshan Akmal, Chun He, Jinlong Zhang and Lingzhi Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS90074J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS90074J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Recent progress in SERS monitoring of photocatalytic reactions’ by Xinlu Zheng <em>et al.</em>, <em>Chem. Soc. Rev.</em>, 2024, <strong>53</strong>, 656–683, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00462G.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":" 9954-9954"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs90074j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangqin Fu, Daniel Crespy, Katharina Landfester and Shuai Jiang
{"title":"In situ characterization techniques of protein corona around nanomaterials","authors":"Fangqin Fu, Daniel Crespy, Katharina Landfester and Shuai Jiang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00507D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00507D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably interact with proteins upon exposure to biological fluids, leading to the formation of an adsorption layer known as the “protein corona”. This corona imparts NPs with a new biological identity, directly influencing their interactions with living systems and dictating their fates <em>in vivo</em>. Thus, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interplay between NPs and proteins in biological fluids is crucial for predicting therapeutic effects and advancing the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Numerous methods have been established to decode the protein corona fingerprints. However, these methods primarily rely on prior isolation of NP–protein complex from the surrounding medium by centrifugation, resulting in the loss of outer-layer proteins that directly interact with the biological system and determine the <em>in vivo</em> fate of NPs. We discuss here separation techniques as well as <em>in situ</em> characterization methods tailored for comprehensively unraveling the inherent complexities of NP–protein interactions, highlighting the challenges of <em>in situ</em> protein corona characterization and its significance for nanomedicine development and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 22","pages":" 10827-10851"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00507d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sam Yeol Lim, Sherif A. Younis, Ki-Hyun Kim and Jechan Lee
{"title":"The potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica as an adsorbent and a catalyst in carbon capture, utilization, and storage","authors":"Sam Yeol Lim, Sherif A. Younis, Ki-Hyun Kim and Jechan Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00564C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00564C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG; <em>e.g.</em>, CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) are regarded as the most critical cause of the current global climate crisis. To combat this issue, a plethora of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been proposed and developed based on a number of technical principles (<em>e.g.</em>, post-combustion capture, chemical looping, and catalytic conversion). In this light, the potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) materials is recognized for specific CCUS applications (such as adsorptive capture of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> and its catalytic conversion into a list of value-added products (<em>e.g.</em>, methane, carbon monoxide, and cyclic carbonates)) with the highly tunable properties (<em>e.g.</em>, high surface area, pore volume, multifunctional surface, and open pore structure). This review has been organized to offer a comprehensive evaluation of the approaches required for tuning the textural/morphological/surface properties of DFNS (based on multiple synthesis and modification scenarios) toward CCUS applications. It further discusses the effects of such approaches on the properties of DFNS materials in relation to their CCUS performance. This review is thus expected to help develop and implement advanced strategies for DFNS-based CCUS technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 20","pages":" 9976-10011"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuelan Hou, Yiyang Li, Hang Zhang, Peter D. Lund, James Kwan and Shik Chi Edman Tsang
{"title":"Black titanium oxide: synthesis, modification, characterization, physiochemical properties, and emerging applications for energy conversion and storage, and environmental sustainability","authors":"Xuelan Hou, Yiyang Li, Hang Zhang, Peter D. Lund, James Kwan and Shik Chi Edman Tsang","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00420E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00420E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since its advent in 2011, black titanium oxide (B-TiO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>) has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional optical characteristics, notably its enhanced absorption spectrum ranging from 200 to 2000 nm, in stark contrast to its unmodified counterpart. The escalating urgency to address global climate change has spurred intensified research into this material for sustainable hydrogen production through thermal, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, or hybrid water-splitting techniques. The rapid advancements in this dynamic field necessitate a comprehensive update. In this review, we endeavor to provide a detailed examination and forward-looking insights into the captivating attributes, synthesis methods, modifications, and characterizations of B-TiO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>, as well as a nuanced understanding of its physicochemical properties. We place particular emphasis on the potential integration of B-TiO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> into solar and electrochemical energy systems, highlighting its applications in green hydrogen generation, CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> reduction, and supercapacitor technology, among others. Recent breakthroughs in the structure–property relationship of B-TiO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> and its applications, grounded in both theoretical and empirical studies, are underscored. Additionally, we will address the challenges of scaling up B-TiO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> production, its long-term stability, and economic viability to align with ambitious future objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10660-10708"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/cs/d4cs00420e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengqian Li, Zequn Han, Qinyuan Hu, Wenya Fan, Qing Hu, Dongpo He, QingXia Chen, Xingchen Jiao and Yi Xie
{"title":"Recent progress in solar-driven CO2 reduction to multicarbon products","authors":"Mengqian Li, Zequn Han, Qinyuan Hu, Wenya Fan, Qing Hu, Dongpo He, QingXia Chen, Xingchen Jiao and Yi Xie","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00186A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00186A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Currently, most catalysts used for photoconverting carbon dioxide (CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) typically produce C<small><sub>1</sub></small> products. Achieving multicarbon (C<small><sub>2+</sub></small>) products, which are highly desirable due to their greater energy density and economic potential, still remains a significant challenge. This difficulty is primarily due to the kinetic hurdles associated with the C–C coupling step in the process. Given this, devising diverse strategies to accelerate C–C coupling for generating multicarbon products is requisite. Herein, we first give a classification of catalysts involved in the photoconversion of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> to C<small><sub>2+</sub></small> fuels. We summarize metallic oxides, metallic sulfides, MXenes, and metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> photoreduction to C<small><sub>2+</sub></small> products, attributing their efficacy to the inherent dual active sites facilitating C–C coupling. In addition, we survey covalent organic frameworks, carbon nitrides, metal phosphides, and graphene as cocatalysts for CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> photoreduction to C<small><sub>2+</sub></small> products, owing to the incorporated dual active sites that induce C–C coupling. In the end, we provide a brief conclusion and an outlook on designing new photocatalysts, understanding the catalytic mechanisms, and considering the practical application requirements for photoconverting CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> into multicarbon products.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 20","pages":" 9964-9975"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiqiong Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Yangfan Xu, Chao Xie, Shuangyin Wang and Xiangdong Yao
{"title":"Design and regulation of defective electrocatalysts","authors":"Yiqiong Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Yangfan Xu, Chao Xie, Shuangyin Wang and Xiangdong Yao","doi":"10.1039/D4CS00217B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4CS00217B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrocatalysts are the key components of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. High performance electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the chemical reactions, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of energy devices. The electrocatalytic reaction mainly experiences adsorption and desorption of molecules (reactants, intermediates and products) on a catalyst surface, accompanied by charge transfer processes. Therefore, surface control of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalyst design and optimization. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the rational design and regulation of a defect structure can result in rearrangement of the atomic structure on the catalyst surface, thereby efficaciously promoting the electrocatalytic performance. However, the relationship between defects and catalytic properties still remains to be understood. In this review, the types of defects, synthesis methods and characterization techniques are comprehensively summarized, and then the intrinsic relationship between defects and electrocatalytic performance is discussed. Moreover, the application and development of defects are reviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges existing in defective electrocatalysts are summarized and prospected, and the future research direction is also suggested. We hope that this review will provide some principal guidance and reference for researchers engaged in defect and catalysis research, better help researchers understand the research status and development trends in the field of defects and catalysis, and expand the application of high-performance defective electrocatalysts to the field of electrocatalytic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" 21","pages":" 10620-10659"},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}