The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"Oxidation of four monoterpenoid indole alkaloid classes by three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from Tabernaemontana litoralis.","authors":"Zhan Mai, Kyunghee Kim, Matthew Bailey Richardson, Daniel André Ramey Deschênes, Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo Garza-Garcia, Mohammadamin Shahsavarani, Jacob Owen Perley, Destiny Ichechi Njoku, Ghislain Deslongchamps, Vincenzo De Luca, Yang Qu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are well known for their ability to catalyze diverse oxidation reactions, playing a significant role in the biosynthesis of various natural products. In the realm of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), one of the largest groups of alkaloids in nature, CYPs are integral to reactions such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, ring opening, ring rearrangement, and aromatization, contributing to the extensive diversification of these compounds. In this study, we investigate the transcriptome, metabolome, and MIA biosynthesis in Tabernaemontana litoralis (milky way tree), a prolific producer of rare pseudoaspidosperma-type MIAs. Alongside known pseudoaspidosperma biosynthetic genes, we identify and characterize three new CYPs that facilitate regio- and stereospecific oxidation of four MIA skeletons: iboga, aspidosperma, pseudoaspidosperma, and quebrachamine. Notably, the tabersonine 14,15-β-epoxidase catalyzes the formation of pachysiphine, the stereoisomer of 14,15-α-epoxytabersonine (lochnericine) found in Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) roots. The pseudovincadifformine 18-hydroxylase is the first CYP identified to modify a pseudoaspidosperma skeleton. Additionally, we demonstrate that the enzyme responsible for C10-hydroxylation of the iboga MIA coronaridine also catalyzes C10-hydroxylation of voaphylline, which bears a quebrachamine skeleton. With the discovery of a new MIA, 11-hydroxypseudovincadifformine, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of MIA biosynthesis and diversification in T. litoralis, highlighting its potential for further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenase decreases cell wall-bound p-hydroxycinnamates and improves cell wall digestibility in rice.","authors":"Senri Yamamoto, Osama Ahmed Afifi, Lydia Pui Ying Lam, Yuri Takeda-Kimura, Yuriko Osakabe, Keishi Osakabe, Laura E Bartley, Toshiaki Umezawa, Yuki Tobimatsu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In grass cell walls, ferulic acid (FA) serves as an important cross-linker between cell wall polymers, such as arabinoxylan (AX) and lignin, affecting the physicochemical properties of the cell walls as well as the utilization properties of grass lignocellulose for biorefinering. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of the FA used for cell wall feruloylation in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatic and gene expression analyses of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) identified two rice ALDH subfamily 2C members, OsHCALDH2 (OsALDH2C2) and OsHCALDH3 (OsALDH2C3), potentially involved in cell wall feruloylation in major vegetative tissues of rice. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of OsHCALDH2 and OsHCALDH3 revealed that the contents of AX-bound ferulate were reduced by up to ~45% in the cell walls of the HCALDH-edited mutants, demonstrating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. The abundance of hemicellulosic sugars including arabinosyl units on AX was notably reduced in the cell walls of the HCALDH-edited mutants, whereas cellulose and lignin contents remained unaffected. In addition to reducing cell wall-bound ferulate, the loss of OsHCALDH2 and/or OsHCALDH3 also partially reduced cell wall-bound p-coumarate and sinapate in the vegetative tissues of rice, whereas it did not cause detectable changes in the amount of γ-oryzanol (feruloyl sterols) in rice seeds. Furthermore, the HCALDH-edited mutants exhibited improved cell wall saccharification efficiency, both with and without alkaline pretreatment, plausibly due to the reduction in cell wall cross-linking FA. Overall, HCALDH appears to present a potent bioengineering target for enhancing utilization properties of grass lignocellulose.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RMI1 is essential for maintaining rice genome stability at high temperature.","authors":"Kangwei Liu, Mengna Wang, Lengjing Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Haiyang Feng, Qiang Dai, Chao Zhang, Hengxiu Yu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat is a critical environmental stress for plant survival. One of its harmful effects on the cells is the disruption of genome integrity. However, the mechanisms by which plants cope with heat-induced DNA damage remain largely unknown. RMI1, a component of the RTR (RECQ4-TOP3α-RMI1) complex, plays a pivotal role in maintaining genome stability. In this study, we identified the target gene RMI1 by characterizing a high-temperature-sensitive mutant. The growth and development of rmi1-1 seedlings carrying a non-frameshift mutation in RMI1 were hindered at 38°C. Abnormal mitotic chromosome behaviours ultimately led to the cell death of root tips. Additionally, the presence of chromosome fragments during anaphase I caused pollen abortion and sterility in rmi1-1 plants. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that the interactions between RMI1-1 and RECQ4 or TOP3α were weakened with increasing temperature and entirely ceased at 36°C. In contrast, the functional RMI1 maintained its interactions with RECQ4 or TOP3α under the same conditions. These results indicate that the non-frameshift mutation in RMI1 disrupts the formation of the RTR complex at high temperatures, leading to defects in DNA repair and increased sensitivity of rmi1-1 under heat stress. However, embryos of the rmi1-cr2 mutant with a frameshift mutation in RMI1 exhibited complete lethality. In addition, the overexpression of RMI1 enhanced the heat tolerance in rice. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that RMI1 responds to high temperatures by maintaining genome stability in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular hydrogen positively influences root gravitropism involving auxin signaling and starch accumulation.","authors":"Yingying Zhang, Ziyu Liu, Huize Huang, Longna Li, Sheng Xu, Wenbiao Shen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17151","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although geoscience of natural hydrogen (H₂), hydrogen-producing soil bacteria, and especially plant-based H₂, has been observed, it is not clear whether or how above H₂ resources influence root gravitropic responses. Here, pharmacological, genetic, molecular, and cell biological tools were applied to investigate how plant-based H₂ coordinates gravity responses in Arabidopsis roots. Since roots show higher H₂ production than shoots, exogenous H₂ supply was used to mimic this function. After H₂ supplementation, the asymmetric expression of the auxin-response reporter DR5 driven by auxin influx and efflux carriers, and thereafter positive root gravitropism were observed. These positive responses in root gravitropism were sensitive to auxin polar transport inhibitors, and importantly, the defective phenotypes observed in aux1-7, pin1, and pin2 mutants were not significantly altered by exogenous H₂. The observed starch accumulation was matched with the reprogramming gene expression linked to starch synthesis and degradation. Transgenic plants expressing hydrogenase1 (CrHYD1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii not only displayed higher endogenous H₂ concentrations, the inducible AUX1 gene expression and starch accumulation, but also showed pronounced root gravitropism. Collectively, above evidence preliminarily provides a framework for understanding the molecular basis of the possible functions of both plant/soil-based and nature H₂ in root architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of lignin biosynthesis by GhCAD37 affects fiber quality and anther vitality in upland cotton.","authors":"Haipeng Li, Jinggong Guo, Kun Li, Yuwen Gao, Hang Li, Lu Long, Zongyan Chu, Yubei Du, Xulong Zhao, Bing Zhao, Chen Lan, José Ramón Botella, Xuebin Zhang, Kun-Peng Jia, Yuchen Miao","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton stands as a pillar in the textile industry due to its superior natural fibers. Lignin, a complex polymer synthesized from phenylalanine and deposited in mature cotton fibers, is believed to be essential for fiber quality, although the precise effects remain largely unclear. In this study, we characterized two ubiquitously expressed cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), GhCAD37A and GhCAD37D (GhCAD37A/D), in Gossypium hirsutum. GhCAD37A/D possess CAD enzymatic activities, to catalyze the generation of monolignol products during lignin biosynthesis. Analysis of transgenic cotton knockout and overexpressing plants revealed that GhCAD37A/D are important regulators of fiber quality, positively impacting breaking strength but negatively affecting fiber length and elongation percentage by modulating lignin biosynthesis in fiber cells. Moreover, GhCAD37A/D are shown to modulate anther vitality and affect stem lodging trait in cotton by influencing lignin biosynthesis in the vascular bundles of anther and stem, respectively. Additionally, our study revealed that Ghcad37A/D knockout plants displayed red stem xylem, likely due to the overaccumulation of aldehyde intermediates in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, as indicated by metabolomics analysis. Thus, our work illustrates that GhCAD37A/D are two important enzymes of lignin biosynthesis in different cotton organs, influencing fiber quality, anther vitality, and stem lodging.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The C₂H₂-type zinc finger transcription factor ZmDi19-7 regulates plant height and organ size by promoting cell size in maize.","authors":"Jinlei Dong, Zimeng Wang, Weina Si, Huan Xu, Zhen Zhang, Qiuyu Cao, Xinyuan Zhang, Hui Peng, Rongwei Mao, Haiyang Jiang, Beijiu Cheng, Xiaoyu Li, Longjiang Gu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The drought-induced protein 19 (Di19) gene family encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc-finger protein implicated in responses to diverse plant stressors. To date, potential roles of these proteins as transcription factors remain largely elusive in maize. Here, we show that ZmDi19-7 gene exerts pivotal functions in regulation of plant height and organ growth by modulating the cell size in maize. ZmDi19-7 physically interacts with ubiquitin receptor protein ZmDAR1b, which is indispensable in ubiquitination of ZmDi19-7 and affects its protein stability. Further genetic analysis demonstrated that ZmDAR1b act in a common pathway with ZmDi19-7 to regulate cell size in maize. ZmDi19-7, severing as a transcriptional factor, is significantly enriched in conserved DiBS element in the promoter region of ZmHSP22, ZmHSP18c, ZmSAUR25, ZmSAUR55, ZmSAUR7 and ZmXTH23 and orchestrates the expression of these genes involving in auxin-mediated cell expansion and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ZmDi19-7 is an important newfound component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in regulation of plant height and organ size in maize. These discoveries highlight potential targets for the genetic improvement of maize in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LcASR enhances tolerance to abiotic stress in Leymus chinensis and Arabidopsis thaliana by improving photosynthetic performance.","authors":"Wenjing An, Mengjie Zhao, Lei Chen, Qiuxin Li, Longjiang Yu, Shuangyan Chen, Jinfang Ma, Xiaofeng Cao, Shuaibin Zhang, Wei Chi, Daili Ji","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a crucial forage grass, Leymus chinensis plays significant roles in soil and water conservation owing to its robust stress resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its stress tolerance remain unclear. In this study, a novel gene, designated as LcASR (Abiotic Stress Resistance in Leymus chinensis), imparting resilience to both high light and drought, was identified. Under normal growth conditions, heterologous overexpression of LcASR in Arabidopsis (HO lines) showed no significant difference in appearance compared to wild-type. Nevertheless, HO lines accumulate significantly higher chlorophyll content during the dark-to-light transition compared to the wild-type, indicating that the LcASR protein participates in chlorophyll synthesis during chloroplast development. Meanwhile, transgenic Arabidopsis and L. chinensis plants exhibited resistance to abiotic stresses such as high light and drought. Photosystem complexes analysis revealed that LHCII proteins remained stable within their respective complexes during high light stress. We hypothesize that LcASR may play a role in fine tuning of chlorophyll synthesis to enable plant adaptation to diverse stress conditions. Moreover, overexpression of LcASR in L. chinensis led to agronomically valuable traits such as deeper green color, higher biomass accumulation, prolonged withering period, and extended grazing durations. This study uncovers a novel gene in L. chinensis that enhances forage yield and provides valuable genetic resources for sheepgrass breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The landscape of Arabidopsis tRNA aminoacylation.","authors":"Luis F Ceriotti, Jessica M Warren, M Virginia Sanchez-Puerta, Daniel B Sloan","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) depends on enzymes that cleave primary transcript ends, add a 3' CCA tail, introduce post-transcriptional base modifications, and charge (aminoacylate) mature tRNAs with the correct amino acid. Maintaining an available pool of the resulting aminoacylated tRNAs is essential for protein synthesis. High-throughput sequencing techniques have recently been developed to provide a comprehensive view of aminoacylation state in a tRNA-specific fashion. However, these methods have never been applied to plants. Here, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana RNA samples with periodate and then performed tRNA-seq to distinguish between aminoacylated and uncharged tRNAs. This approach successfully captured every tRNA isodecoder family and detected expression of additional tRNA-like transcripts. We found that estimated aminoacylation rates and CCA tail integrity were significantly higher on average for organellar (mitochondrial and plastid) tRNAs than for nuclear/cytosolic tRNAs. Reanalysis of previously published human cell line data showed a similar pattern. Base modifications result in nucleotide misincorporations and truncations during reverse transcription, which we quantified and used to test for relationships with aminoacylation levels. We also determined that the Arabidopsis tRNA-like sequences (t-elements) that are cleaved from the ends of some mitochondrial messenger RNAs have post-transcriptionally modified bases and CCA-tail addition. However, these t-elements are not aminoacylated, indicating that they are only recognized by a subset of tRNA-interacting enzymes and do not play a role in translation. Overall, this work provides a characterization of the baseline landscape of plant tRNA aminoacylation rates and demonstrates an approach for investigating environmental and genetic perturbations to plant translation machinery.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost in domestication: Has modern wheat left its microbial allies behind?","authors":"Martin Balcerowicz","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17137","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The domestication of wheat (&lt;i&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/i&gt;), which began approximately 10 000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, was a pivotal event in the first agricultural revolution. It marked the shift from a hunter–gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement and agriculture. A key milestone in this process was the domestication of wild emmer wheat, which gave rise to cultivated tetraploid durum wheat and represents an important stepping stone towards modern bread wheat, which emerged 1500–2000 years later and is the most widely grown type of wheat today (Haas et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Domestication brought about substantial changes in wheat's morphology and development, including altered flowering time, larger grains, increased yield, reduced seed dormancy and the elimination of seed shattering.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Changes brought about by domestication are not restricted to the crop but also affect organisms interacting with it. Microorganisms living on and within the plant, collectively referred to as the plant's microbiome, play a crucial role in plant fitness, influencing growth, resistance and resilience throughout the plant's life cycle. Roots are a major interface between plants and soil microbes, with many microbes living as endophytes within the roots or colonising the surrounding soil (rhizosphere). Host plants release exudates to attract beneficial rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, and the composition of these exudates shapes the root microbiome (Hu et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). While several studies found that domestication reduced the diversity of rhizospheric microbes (e.g. Pérez-Jaramillo et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), little research has explored how domestication affected the diversity of endophytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hong Yue, corresponding author of the highlighted study, originally worked on plant resistance genes during her PhD, but gradually shifted her research focus towards plant–microbe interactions. Using metagenomics and metabolomics, Yue demonstrated that wild wheat varieties harbour a higher functional diversity in their rhizosphere microbiome than do domesticated cultivars (Yue et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Building on this work, undergraduate student Lixin Deng, under Yue's supervision, investigated the effects of domestication on wheat's endophytic bacterial community. For their studies, Deng chose three wild emmer accessions and three domesticated elite cultivars from a germplasm collection assembled by principal investigator Weining Song. These accessions, which represent six distinct branches of the wheat phylogenetic tree, had been grown at the Caoxingzhuang Agricultural Ecosystem Experimental Station of Northwest A&amp;F University for 8 years prior to Deng's study, suggesting that any differences detected can be attributed to genetic variation rather than differences in origin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To determine the composition of the endophytic microbiomes, DNA was extracted from the roots of mature wheat plants grown in the same soil and bacterial ta","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1261-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic minichromosomes in plants: past, present, and promise.","authors":"James A Birchler, Jacob Kelly, Jasnoor Singh, Hua Liu, Zhengzhi Zhang, Si Nian Char, Malika Sharma, Hua Yang, Patrice S Albert, Bing Yang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The status of engineered mini-chromosomes/artificial chromosomes/synthetic chromosomes in plants is summarized. Their promise is that they provide a means to accumulate foreign genes on an independent entity other than the normal chromosomes, which would facilitate stacking of novel traits in a way that would not be linked to endogenous genes and that would facilitate transfer between lines. Centromeres in plants are epigenetic, and therefore the isolation of DNA underlying centromeres and reintroduction into plant cells will not establish a functional kinetochore, which obviates this approach for in vitro assembly of plant artificial chromosomes. This issue was bypassed by using telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation to produce mini-chromosomes with little more than an endogenous centromere that could in turn be used as a foundation to build synthetic chromosomes. Site-specific recombinases and various iterations of CRISPR-Cas9 editing provide many tools for the development and re-engineering of synthetic chromosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}