The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"BIL7 enhances plant growth by regulating the transcription factor BIL1/BZR1 during brassinosteroid signaling^‡.","authors":"Tomoko Miyaji, Ayumi Yamagami, Yusuke Nakamura, Kaisei Nishida, Ryo Tachibana, Surina Surina, Shozo Fujioka, Mariano Garcia-Hourquet, Santiago Mora-García, Shohei Nosaki, Takuya Miyakawa, Masaru Tanokura, Minami Matsui, Hiroyuki Osada, Kazuo Shinozaki, Tadao Asami, Takeshi Nakano","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant development and environmental responses. BIL1/BZR1, a master transcription factor that regulates approximately 3000 genes in the BR signaling pathway, is transported to the nucleus from the cytosol in response to BR signaling; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is unknown. Here, we identify a novel BR signaling factor, BIL7, that enhances plant growth and positively regulates the nuclear accumulation of BIL1/BZR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIL7-overexpressing plants were resistant to the BR biosynthesis inhibitor Brz and taller than wild-type (WT) plants were due to increased cell division. BIL7 is mainly localized to the plasma membrane, but during the early stages of cell growth, it was also localized to the nucleus. BIL7 was directly phosphorylated by the kinase BIN2, and nuclear localization of BIL7 was enhanced by the BIN2 inhibitor bikinin. BIL7 was found to bind to BIL1/BZR1, and nuclear accumulation of BIL1/BZR1 was strongly enhanced by BIL7 overexpression. Finally, double overexpression of BIL1/BZR1 and BIL7 led to greatly elongated hypocotyls in the presence of Brz. These findings suggest that BIL7 mediates nuclear accumulation of BIL1/BZR1, which activates inflorescence elongation in plants via BR signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A night shift for histone methylation in DNA damage control","authors":"Martin Balcerowicz","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17192","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Plants fine-tune their physiology to the time of day, largely through dynamic shifts in gene expression. While these shifts are generally attributed to transcription factor activity, an additional layer of regulation comes from chromatin modifications. Covalent histone modifications, collectively referred to as the ‘histone code’, affect chromatin structure and recruitment of regulatory proteins and thereby determine transcriptional activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Histone marks show distinct links to diurnal and circadian rhythms in plants. In the model plant &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt;, signatures of Histone 3 acetylation at Lysine residue 9 (H3K9ac) and 27 (H3K27ac) and phosphorylation at Serine residue 28 (H3S28p) vary between day and night (Baerenfaller et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, many components of the circadian clock are regulated at the chromatin level, particularly through histone acetylation (Xiong et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Histone acetylation is generally associated with gene activation, while histone methylation can either activate or repress gene expression, depending on the site of modification (Liu et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). For example, Histone H3 monomethylation at Lysine residue 27 (H3K27me1) is associated with switched off genes: It plays a crucial role in constitutive silencing of transposable elements and contributes to the maintenance of heterochromatin and the low expression of some genes within euchromatin (Jacob et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Potok et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, it remained unknown whether H3K27me1 deposition follows diurnal patterns, and how such patterns affect gene function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crisanto Gutierrez's lab has substantially advanced our understanding of chromatin dynamics, especially in regard to cell division and genome replication. Recently, the lab turned its focus to exploring the effects of chromatin changes on gene expression and their impact on plant development and environmental sensing. Jorge Fung-Uceda, co-first author of the highlighted study, began his work on chromatin dynamics and the circadian clock during his PhD before joining Gutierrez's lab as a postdoctoral researcher to study H3K27me1's role in gene regulation. He was joined on the project by co-first author María Sol Gomez, who brought in expertise in plant stress responses and environmental perception.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fung-Uceda et al. observed that H3K27me1 levels fluctuate with the time of day, with higher levels at night than during the day (Figure 1a), and that this difference was more pronounced under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. H3K27me1 is deposited by the methyl transferases ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) and ATXR6 (Jacob et al., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). In agreement with increased H3K27me1 levels, transcript levels of &lt;i&gt;ATXR5&lt;/i&gt; peaked during the night, while &lt;i&gt;ATXR6&lt;/i&gt; transcript levels remained low throughout the 24-h period (Figure 1b). Whether these oscillations are controlled by the","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 6","pages":"2323-2324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic dissection of ear-related trait divergence between maize and teosinte.","authors":"Shenshen Wu, Han Zhang, Zhengfu Fang, Zichao Li, Ning Yang, Fang Yang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize has undergone remarkable domestication and shows striking differences in architecture and ear morphology compared to its wild progenitor, called teosinte. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the ear morphology differences between teosinte and cultivated maize is still limited. In this study, we explored the genetic basis of ear-related traits at both early and mature stages by analyzing a population derived from a cross between Mo17 and a teosinte line, mexicana. We identified 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with four IM-related and four ear-related traits, with 27 QTLs subjected to selection during the domestication process. Several key genes related to ear development were found under selection, including KN1 and RA1. Analysis of gene expression in the IM of developing ears from the population revealed the prominent roles of cis-variants in gene regulation. We also identified a large number of trans-eQTLs responsible for gene expression variation, and enrichment analysis on a trans-eQTL hotspot revealed the possible involvement of the sulfur metabolic pathway in controlling ear traits. Integrating the expression and phenotypic mapping data, we pinpointed several candidate genes potentially influencing ear development. Our findings advance the understanding of the genetic basis driving ear trait variation during maize domestication.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hansen's baccata #2 gene Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to the susceptible apple cultivar \"Gala Galaxy\".","authors":"Ayesha Yousaf, Paolo Baldi, Stefano Piazza, Valeria Gualandri, Matteo Komjanc, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Andrea Patocchi, Mickael Malnoy","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the breeding of new scab-resistant apple cultivars, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing major scab resistance genes is essential. Rvi12_Cd5 was previously identified as the best candidate gene for the Rvi12 scab resistance of the crab apple \"Hansen's baccata #2\" by gene prediction and in silico analysis. In the present study, Rvi12_Cd5 was used to transform the scab-susceptible apple cultivar \"Gala Galaxy.\" Two constructs were prepared: the first carrying Rvi12_Cd5 under the control of a 35S promoter and E9 terminator, and the second carrying Rvi12_Cd5 under the control of its native promoter and terminator. All the transgenic lines were analyzed for T-DNA integration, copy number, and expression of Rvi12_Cd5 and phenotypically evaluated for scab resistance. The \"Gala Galaxy\" lines carrying the 35S promoter expressed Rvi12_Cd5 at a high level, showing partial to high resistance against a mixed inoculum of Venturia inaequalis, with symptoms ranging from class 0 to 3b on the Chevalier scale. The transgenic lines carrying the native promoter showed a lower expression of Rvi12_Cd5 compared with the 35S lines. Nevertheless, the low expression was sufficient to induce a resistance level comparable to that of the transgenic lines carrying the 35S promoter. These results indicate that Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to a susceptible apple cultivar and that even a low level of gene transcript can trigger a plant response to V. inaequalis infection. After HcrVf2 and Vr2-C, Rvi12_Cd5 is the third major apple scab resistance gene being functionally proven.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of elemicin and isoelemicin in Daucus carota leaves.","authors":"Xing-Qi Huang, Mosaab Yahyaa, Prasada Rao Kongala, Itay Maoz, Natalia Dudareva, Mwafaq Ibdah","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile phenylpropenes comprise one of the largest groups of plant phenylalanine-derived volatiles that not only possess ecological roles but also exhibit numerous pharmacological activities. Despite their wide distribution in the plant kingdom, biosynthesis of only a small subset of these compounds has been discovered. Here, we elucidated yet unknown steps in the biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin using carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), which produces a wide spectrum of volatile phenylpropenes, as a model system. Comparative transcriptomic analysis combined with metabolic profiling of two carrot cultivars producing different spectrums and levels of phenylpropene compounds revealed that biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin could proceed via the (iso)eugenol-independent pathway, which diverges from the lignin biosynthetic pathway after sinapyl alcohol. Moreover, in planta results showed that two different NADPH-dependent reductases, a newly identified 5-methoxy isoeugenol synthase (DcMIS) and previously characterized (iso)eugenol synthase (DcE(I)GS1), both of which use sinapyl acetate as a substrate, are responsible for the biosynthesis of immediate precursors of isoelemicin and elemicin, respectively. In contrast to penultimate reactions, the final steps in the formation of these phenylpropenes are catalyzed by the same newly characterized methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-l-methionine:5-methoxy(iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase, that methylates the para-hydroxyl group of their respective precursors, thus completing the (iso)eugenol-independent route for the biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome c levels link mitochondrial function to plant growth and stress responses through changes in SnRK1 pathway activity.","authors":"Florencia P Coronel, Diana E Gras, M Victoria Canal, Facundo Roldan, Elina Welchen, Daniel H Gonzalez","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy is required for growth as well as for multiple cellular processes. During evolution, plants developed regulatory mechanisms to adapt energy consumption to metabolic reserves and cellular needs. Reduced growth is often observed under stress, leading to a growth-stress trade-off that governs plant performance under different conditions. In this work, we report that plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), required for electron transport coupled to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, show impaired growth and increased global expression of stress-responsive genes, similar to those observed after inhibiting the respiratory chain or the mitochondrial ATP synthase. CYTc-deficient plants also show activation of the SnRK1 pathway, which regulates growth, metabolism, and stress responses under carbon starvation conditions, even though their carbohydrate levels are not significantly different from wild-type. Notably, loss-of-function of the gene encoding the SnRK1α1 subunit restores the growth of CYTc-deficient plants, as well as autophagy, free amino acid and TOR pathway activity levels, which are affected in these plants. Moreover, increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation, with no changes in total SnRK1α1 protein levels. Under stress imposed by mannitol, the growth of CYTc-deficient plants is relatively less affected than that of wild-type plants, which is also related to the activation of the SnRK1 pathway. Our results indicate that SnRK1 function is affected by CYTc levels, thus providing a molecular link between mitochondrial function and plant growth under normal and stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distribution of monolignol glucosides coincides with lignification during the formation of compression wood in Pinus thunbergii.","authors":"Naoki Maeda, Dan Aoki, Syunya Fujiyasu, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Masato Yoshida, Hideto Hiraide, Hayato Mitsuda, Yuki Tobimatsu, Kazuhiko Fukushima","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distributions of monolignol glucosides (MLGs) in compression and opposite woods of Pinus thunbergii were assessed using cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to investigate their involvement in lignification. p-Glucocoumaryl alcohol (PG) was identified in the region of the differentiating xylem adjacent to the cambial zone only in compression wood, whereas coniferin (CF) was similarly localized in both compression and opposite woods. Their distribution from the phloem to the xylem was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using serial tangential sections. Variations in storage amounts of CF and PG in the stem of P. thunbergii agreed with lignification stages of the tracheid, supporting the idea that MLGs act as a storage and transportation form of lignin precursors. The imaging of monolignol (ML)-dependent active lignification sites using fluorescence-tagged MLs supported distinct distribution patterns of MLGs for lignification in compression and opposite woods. Methylation-thioacidolysis was applied to compression and opposite wood samples to examine the structural difference between the guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units in lignin. Most of the H units in compression wood were detected as lignin end groups via thioacidolysis. PG was detected in opposite wood by HPLC; however, the H unit was not detected by thioacidolysis. The differences in ML and MLG distributions, enzyme activity, and resultant lignin structures between the G and H units suggest the possibility of individual mechanisms regulating the heterogeneous structures of G and H unit in lignin.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsCPC, an R3-MYB transcription factor, acts as a negative regulator of citric acid accumulation in Citrus.","authors":"Ting-Ting Wang, Xin Song, Miao Zhang, Yan-Jie Fan, Jie Ren, Yao-Yuan Duan, Shu-Ping Guan, Xin Luo, Wen-Hui Yang, Hui-Xiang Cao, Xiao-Meng Wu, Wen-Wu Guo, Kai-Dong Xie","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The citric acid accumulation during fruit ripening determines the quality of fleshy fruits. However, the molecular mechanism underlying citric acid accumulation is not clearly understood yet in citrus due to the scarcity of paired germplasm that exhibits significant difference in organic acid accumulation. Two citrus triploid hybrids with distinct citric acid content in their mature fruits were herein identified from a previously conducted interploidy cross in our group, providing an ideal paired material for studying acid accumulation in citrus. Through a comparative transcriptome analysis of the pulps of the above two triploid hybrids, an R3-MYB transcription factor, CAPRICE (CsCPC), was identified to be a regulator of citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits. Through transgenic experiments involving overexpression (in callus and kumquat fruits) and RNAi (in lemon leaves), we demonstrated that CsCPC suppresses citric acid accumulation by negatively regulating the expression of CsPH1 and CsPH5. Moreover, CsCPC competed with an R2R3-MYB CsPH4 for binding to ANTHOCYANIN1 (CsAN1) and thus disturbed the activation of CsPH1 and CsPH5 that encode vacuolar P-ATPase, which eventually led to a decrease in citric acid content. CsPH4 activated the expression of CsCPC and thus formed an activator-repressor feedback loop, which ultimately inhibited citric acid accumulation in citrus fruit. In summary, this study reveals a new regulatory mechanism of CsCPC-mediated inhibition of citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits, which would support the improvement of citrus fruit quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of CLAVATA: evidence for CLAVATA3 and WOX signaling in the fern gametophyte.","authors":"Kelley A Renninger, Rebekah M Yarvis, Christopher E Youngstrom, Chi-Lien Cheng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides are 12-13 amino acid-long peptides that serve as positional signals in plants. The core CLE signaling module consists of a CLE peptide and a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, but in flowering plants, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors are also incorporated to form negative feedback loops that regulate stem cell maintenance in the shoot and root. It is not known when WOX genes were co-opted into CLE signaling pathways, only that mosses and liverworts do not require WOX for CLE-regulated stem cell activities. We identified 11 CLE-encoding genes in the Ceratopteris genome, including one (CrCLV3) most similar to shoot meristem CLE peptide CLAVATA3. We performed the first functional characterization of a fern CLE using techniques including RNAi knockdown and synthetic peptide dosage. We found that CrCLV3 promotes cell proliferation and stem cell identity in the gametophyte meristem. Importantly, we provide evidence for CrCLV3 regulation of the WOX gene CrWOXA during the developmental stage when female gametangium formation begins. These discoveries open a new avenue for CLE peptide research in the fern and clarify the evolutionary timeline of CLE-WOX signaling in land plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdLRR-RLK1-MdATG3 module enhances the resistance of apples to abiotic stress via autophagy.","authors":"Wenjun Chen, Wei Guo, Chao Zhang, Yi Zhao, Yingying Lei, Cui Chen, Ziwen Wei, Hongyan Dai","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple is an important economic species affected by abiotic stress, such as salt and drought. LRR-RLKs play a key role in plant responses to stress, although their physiological functions under abiotic stress are not yet fully understood. Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes, which plays a vital role in drought and salt stress responses. In this study, overexpression of MdLRR-RLK1 in apple promoted plant growth and development and increased salt and drought stress tolerance. MdLRR-RLK1 interacts with MdATG3 in vivo and in vitro, and MdATG3 ubiquitinates and degrades MdLRR-RLK1. Intriguingly, MdLRR-RLK1 and MdATG3 enhance salt and drought tolerance through increasing autophagy. Moreover, MdATG3 interacts with MdATG8F and MdATG8I-like in apple. These findings reveal the interaction between MdLRR-RLK1 and MdATG3, suggesting mechanisms that regulate apple growth and resistance to abiotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}