The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"OsPPR8, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, regulates splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 3 to affect grain quality and high-temperature tolerance in rice","authors":"Hua Yuan,&nbsp;Jierui Zeng,&nbsp;Zhengyan Xu,&nbsp;Min Yuan,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xilan Yan,&nbsp;Xue Diao,&nbsp;Shu Gong,&nbsp;Fanmin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Hu,&nbsp;Yutong Zhong,&nbsp;Luoying Huang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Weilan Chen,&nbsp;Bin Tu,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;Jiawei Xiong,&nbsp;Zhaohui Zhong,&nbsp;Yuping Wang,&nbsp;Bingtian Ma,&nbsp;Shigui Li,&nbsp;Peng Qin","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of plant proteins, play critical roles in regulating various biological functions. However, their contributions to rice grain quality and high-temperature (HT) tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified OsPPR8, a canonical P-type PPR protein characterized by eight PPR motifs. Mutants of <i>OsPPR8</i> exhibited compromised grain quality and reduced HT tolerance. Mechanistically, OsPPR8 was found to be dually localized in both the mitochondria and the nucleus, and it is involved in the <i>cis</i>-splicing of mitochondrial <i>nad2</i> intron 3. Disruption of <i>OsPPR8</i> resulted in abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased complex I activity, and impaired ATP production, which is essential for starch synthesis in developing endosperm and for HT tolerance. Furthermore, natural variations in <i>OsPPR8</i> appear to be associated with environmental temperature adaptation and the demand for grain quality during rice domestication. In conclusion, our findings highlight the significant role of <i>OsPPR8</i> in maintaining mitochondrial function to provide energy for starch synthesis and HT tolerance, thereby offering a novel target for the coordinated improvement of grain quality and HT tolerance in rice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GRAIN SIZE 8-GRAIN LENGTH 10 module controls the grain size in rice by regulating the expression of GA- and CTK-related genes","authors":"Yang Ang,&nbsp;Bingxian Li,&nbsp;Jiaming Shen,&nbsp;Jiahui Li,&nbsp;Yingying Zhao,&nbsp;Tianhu Li,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;Xianping Cheng,&nbsp;Fengcai Wu,&nbsp;Mingyu Du,&nbsp;Chaopu Zhang,&nbsp;Yingyao Shi,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Erbao Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice grain size is an important agronomic trait that affects the grain weight and yield of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). In this study, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed regarding grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain thickness (GT), the grain length–width ratio (GLWR) and the 1000-grain weight (TGW) across 172 rice accessions in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Among the 31 QTLs identified across all 3 years, the QTL <i>qGL8</i>/<i>qGW8/qGT8/qGLWR8</i> on chromosome 8 was newly discovered in our study. <i>OsFBX291</i> was validated as the key candidate gene for <i>GRAIN SIZE8</i> (<i>GS8</i>) through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout analysis. <i>GS8</i> encodes a nucleus-localized protein containing an F-box domain that is constitutively expressed across multiple tissues. The A7444 allele (<i>GS8</i>^A7444) promotes cell proliferation and expansion in grain glumes by increasing the CTK and GA contents in young panicles. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that <i>GS8</i> regulates the expression of GA and CTK signalling pathway-related genes, such as <i>GL10</i>, <i>OsGA20ox1</i>, <i>OsGA20ox2</i>, <i>OsCKX1</i> and <i>WLG,</i> which participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and hull expansion. Multiple sets of experimental data have collectively demonstrated that GS8 and GL10 exhibit protein–protein interaction. These findings suggest that the GS8-GL10 functional module plays a regulatory role in determining rice grain size by modulating the expression of genes associated with gibberellin (GA)- and cytokinin (CTK)-signaling pathways. The elite <i>GS8</i>^hapA haplotype has a large grain size in the germplasm. These results provide important genetic information that can be used to further improve grain size through molecular breeding.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genes and pathways determining flowering time variation in temperate-adapted sorghum","authors":"Harshita Mangal,&nbsp;Kyle Linders,&nbsp;Jonathan Turkus,&nbsp;Nikee Shrestha,&nbsp;Blake Long,&nbsp;Ernst Cebert,&nbsp;Xianyan Kuang,&nbsp;J. Vladimir Torres-Rodriguez,&nbsp;James C. Schnable","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The timing of flowering is determined by a complex genetic architecture integrating signals from a diverse set of external and internal stimuli and plays a key role in determining plant fitness and adaptation. However, significant divergence in the identities and functions of many flowering time pathway components has been reported among plant species. Here, we employ a combination of genome and transcriptome wide association studies to identify genetic determinants of variation in flowering time across multiple environments in a large panel of primarily photoperiod-insensitive sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>), a major crop that has, to date, been the subject of substantially less genetic investigation than its relatives. Gene families that form core components of the flowering time pathway in other species, FT-like and SOC1-like genes, appear to play similar roles in sorghum, but the genes identified are not orthologous to the primary FT-like or SOC1-like genes that play similar roles in related species. The ageing pathway appears to play a role in determining non-photoperiod determined variation in flowering time in sorghum. Two components of this pathway were identified in a transcriptome wide association study, while a third was identified via genome-wide association. Our results demonstrate that while the functions of larger gene families are conserved, functional data from even closely related species is not a reliable guide to which gene copies will play roles in determining natural variation in flowering time.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PbrSYP71 regulates pollen tube growth by maintaining polar distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum in Pyrus","authors":"Mingliang Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Tang,&nbsp;Zhiqi Wang,&nbsp;Chi Lan,&nbsp;Dong Yue,&nbsp;Ningyi Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihua Xie,&nbsp;Ming Qian,&nbsp;Mengjun Sun,&nbsp;Zongqi Liu,&nbsp;Zhu Xie,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhuqin Liu,&nbsp;Shaoling Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Juyou Wu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The polar distribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) underlies the rapid polar growth of pollen tubes. However, the mechanism governing ER distribution remains elusive. In this study, we have identified a pollen tube-specific syntaxin protein, PbrSYP71. Our findings reveal that both overexpression and reducing the transcription level of <i>PbrSYP71</i> inhibit pollen tube growth. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that PbrSYP71 anchors to the ER via its transmembrane structure. Overexpression of <i>PbrSYP71</i> leads to clustered ER distribution in the shank of the pollen tube, while reducing the transcription level of <i>PbrSYP71</i> abolishes the ER polar distribution. Remarkably, transient overexpression of <i>PbrSYP71ΔABD</i>, lacking the actin-binding domain (ABD) of PbrSYP71, has no impact on ER distribution or pollen tube growth. Further investigation indicates that ABD is positioned on F-actin in the pollen tube and has a direct interaction with F-actin. PbrSYP71 assists the ER in moving toward the apex of the pollen tube, with ABD displaying autonomous mobility. Our study elucidates that PbrSYP71 maintains the polar distribution of the ER by tethering the ER to F-actin, facilitating ER movement towards the pollen tube apex for pear pollen tube elongation. These insights shed light on the mechanisms governing ER distribution in polarized cell growth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome assembly and comparative analysis reveal the imbalanced subgenomes divergence and evolutionary history of Juglans cathayensis","authors":"Haodong Xu,&nbsp;Nian Wang,&nbsp;Yingxi Xiang,&nbsp;Qilei Sheng,&nbsp;Yongjie Xu,&nbsp;Dong Pei,&nbsp;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70252","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chinese walnut (<i>Juglans cathayensis</i>), a wild relative of Persian walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i>), is distinguished by its early maturation and higher resilience to abiotic stress. As a paleopolyploid species, <i>J. cathayensis</i> has undergone at least two whole genome duplications (WGD) and subgenome divergence, which may profoundly affect its phenotype. This study assembled a chromosome-level genome of about 553.7 Mb for <i>J. cathayensis</i>, with the 16 pseudochromosomes categorized into two subgenomes based on their phylogenetic relationship with potential ancestor <i>Myrica rubra</i> hypothesized by cytogenetics. We found that unbalanced burst insertion of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) resulted in genome expansion and subgenomic divergence. Most homoeologous gene pairings suggested subgenome-biased expression genes (SBEGs) in three organs; however, no dominant subgenome expression model was identified. The resequencing analysis of <i>J. cathayensis</i> and <i>J. regia</i> samples, along with transcriptome and metabolome results, revealed that the species-specific characteristics of <i>J. cathayensis</i> are directly linked to the accumulation of flavonoid metabolism. Moreover, a distinctive deletion (non-frameshift mutation) in the <i>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1</i> (<i>SOC1</i>) gene of <i>J. cathayensis</i> probably regulates the early maturation differences between <i>J. cathayensis</i> and other <i>Juglans</i> species. Our study elucidates the genetic mechanisms promoting subgenome divergence and accelerating the utilization of genetic resources in <i>J. cathayensis</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PtoHP6a regulates vascular cambial activity by maintaining cytokinin signaling stability in Populus tomentosa","authors":"Chenglong Yuan,&nbsp;Shuang Zhou,&nbsp;Xuelian Du,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Changzheng Xu,&nbsp;Xiaokang Fu,&nbsp;Keming Luo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cytokinins are predominantly concentrated in the secondary phloem and play a crucial role in regulating vascular cambial activity. HP6, a key negative regulator in the cytokinin signaling pathway, is vital for maintaining cytokinin homeostasis, yet its role in wood development is unclear. In this study, we identified a <i>HP6</i> gene (<i>PtoHP6a</i>) in <i>Populus tomentosa</i> and confirmed its functional conservation with Arabidopsis <i>AHP6</i> through mutant phenotype recovery. Expression analysis showed that <i>PtoHP6a</i> is specifically expressed in the secondary phloem. Overexpression of <i>PtoHP6a</i> led to reduced cytokinin signaling and inhibited vascular cambium cell division. Conversely, in transgenic plants with downregulated phloem cytokinin levels, silencing <i>PtoHP6a</i> enhanced cytokinin signaling and restored vascular cambium activity. Notably, <i>PtoHP6-RNAi</i> plants exhibited elevated cytokinin signaling but retained defects in vascular cambium activity, mirroring the phenotypes of transgenic plants overexpressing the <i>AtIPT1</i> gene, encoding isopentenyl transferases that catalyze the first step of cytokinin biosynthesis. This suggests that excessive cytokinin can negatively affect vascular development. Importantly, <i>PtoHP6a</i> overexpression in <i>PtoCLE41b</i>_<i>pro</i><i>-AtIPT1</i> plants mitigated elevated cytokinin signaling, restoring vascular cambium activity. These findings highlight the significance of PtoHP6a as a phloem-specific cytokinin signaling inhibitor in regulating vascular cambium function.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated expression of SaMTP8.1 is involved in internal Mn detoxification in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii","authors":"Jun Ge,&nbsp;Lingli Lu,&nbsp;Jian Feng Ma","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sedum alfredii</i> (Sa) is known as a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator, which usually grows in soil with high Mn in its natural habitat. However, it is unclear how <i>S. alfredii</i> copes with high Mn at both physiological and molecular levels. In this study, we characterized the Mn accumulation and tolerance in the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of <i>S. alfredii</i> by comparing it with a non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE). HE and NHE accumulated similar Mn in the leaves after exposure to high Mn, but the young leaves of NHE showed toxicity symptoms (brown spot), whereas no such symptom was observed in HE. Functional characterization of <i>SaMTP8.1</i> showed that SaMTP8.1 from both HE and NHE was localized to the tonoplast and showed similar transport activity for Mn in yeast. However, <i>SaMTP8.1</i> from HE showed a higher expression level and increased genomic copy number compared with NHE. Ectopic expression of <i>SaMTP8.1</i> in rice <i>osmtp8.1</i> mutant complemented the mutant phenotype of Mn sensitivity, while overexpression of <i>SaMTP8.1</i> in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to high Mn. Taken together, our results suggest that higher expression of <i>SaMTP8.1</i> is involved in enhanced Mn tolerance through increased vacuolar sequestration of Mn in the leaves of HE <i>S. alfredii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing entomophilous pollination for sustainable crop production","authors":"Monica Borghi,&nbsp;Lisa W. DeVetter,&nbsp;Patrick P. Edger,&nbsp;Michael Gutensohn,&nbsp;Erich Grotewold,&nbsp;Ramesh Sagili,&nbsp;Kelsey K. Graham,&nbsp;Melanie A. Body,&nbsp;Changying Li,&nbsp;Suzette P. Galinato,&nbsp;Andony Melathopoulos,&nbsp;James H. Cane,&nbsp;Paul Sandefur,&nbsp;Angelita Dela Luz,&nbsp;Robert N. Schaeffer,&nbsp;Caitlin C. Rering,&nbsp;Sagar Sudam Jadhav,&nbsp;Ye Chu,&nbsp;Daniel H. Chitwood","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Successful fertilization of insect-pollinated crops hinges on a delicate interplay of olfactory and visual signals of pollinator attraction, the chemical complexity of nectar and pollen rewards, and the physical interaction between insects and flower anatomy for efficient pollen transfer. These traits, which are controlled genetically and exhibit phenotypic variance even within species, present opportunities for breeding technologies to map and select genotypes with floral traits that actively guide pollinator preferences. Recent technological advancements and automation have enabled high-throughput metabolic phenotyping of floral chemical traits of pollinator attraction and rewards. These measurements, when integrated with computed tomography (CT) scans of flower shape analysis and video tracking of pollinator behavior, can guide the selection of genotypes with enhanced insect visitation rates and effective cross-pollination. In this perspective article, we highlight the potential of this strategy for blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L.), a crop heavily reliant on bee pollination for fruit production and with flowers that display considerable variance of chemical and morphological traits and pollinator visitation rates. Leveraging blueberry's genetic diversity can address pollination issues exacerbated by global warming and declining health of managed bees, thus contributing to a more sustainable agricultural production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-tested: AGT2 is a key player in β-alanine metabolism","authors":"Martin Balcerowicz","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70236","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In eukaryotes, 21 amino acids serve as the fundamental building blocks of proteins and are referred to as proteinogenic (‘protein-creating’). There are also more than 250 non-proteinogenic amino acids in plants, many of which play essential roles as metabolic intermediates, energy reserves, signalling molecules or bioactive compounds. One such non-proteinogenic amino acid is β-alanine, which functions as a precursor for acetyl-CoA biosynthesis – critical for the production of fatty acids and lignin – and contributes to stress tolerance as a precursor of the osmoprotectant betaine (Parthasarathy et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite β-alanine's importance, our understanding of its metabolism is incomplete. Biosynthesis of β-alanine has been proposed via three distinct pathways: uracil degradation, polyamine oxidation and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation via propionyl-CoA, while its degradation occurs via transamination (i.e. the transfer of its amino group to α-keto-acids). A total of 22 reactions lead directly to the biosynthesis or degradation of β-alanine, but genes encoding the required enzymes have only been identified for four of them, and only two, pantoate-β-alanine ligase and β-ureidopropionase, have been shown to catalyse β-alanine synthesis in planta (Parthasarathy et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corina Fusari and Yariv Brotman share a deep interest in understanding plant metabolism, particularly its complexity and responsiveness to developmental and environmental cues. They began collaborating in 2015 during their shared time at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam, Germany. Fusari, a postdoc in Mark Stitt's group at the time, provided the initial data and materials that supported the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Brotman's lab. Their partnership continued across continents as they moved back to their respective home countries of Argentina and Israel, leading to several joint publications. It was only natural that they would also collaborate on Si Wu's PhD project, which aimed to identify and characterise candidate genes involved in β-alanine metabolism under control and stress conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Si Wu, first author of the highlighted publication, performed a metabolic GWAS (mGWAS), investigating β-alanine levels in 314 &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; accessions. These were either grown under optimal conditions or under extended environmental stress, that is, 3 weeks of darkness combined with elevated temperatures of 32°C, a condition that strongly increases β-alanine levels (Caldana et al., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). The mGWAS identified two candidate genes: &lt;i&gt;ALANINE:GLYOXYLATE AMINOTRANSFERASE 2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;AGT2&lt;/i&gt;), associated with β-alanine levels in both control and stress conditions, and &lt;i&gt;ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 6B2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;ALDH6B2&lt;/i&gt;), associated exclusively with levels under stress. AGT2 was proposed as a candidate β-alanine aminotransferase (Wen et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; ","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-C-induced reactive carbonyl species are better detoxified in the halophytic plants Salicornia brachiata and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum than in the halophytic Sarcocornia fruticosa plants","authors":"Jaykumar Patel,&nbsp;Kusum Khatri,&nbsp;Tesfaye Asmare Sisay,&nbsp;Zai Du Nja,&nbsp;Babita Choudhary,&nbsp;Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova,&nbsp;Anmol Mishra,&nbsp;Noga Sikron,&nbsp;Dominic Standing,&nbsp;Anurag Mudgal,&nbsp;Varsha Mudgal,&nbsp;Moshe Sagi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abiotic stress-induced reactive carbonyl species (RCS) accumulation in plants stimulates oxidative stress by DNA adduct formation, protein carbonylation, and antioxidant pool depletion, triggering senescence or programmed cell death. RCS accumulation under abiotic stress has rarely been studied in halophytic plants that are adapted to highly saline environments. In the current study, exposure to UV-C irradiation resulted in a higher RCS accumulation in the halophytic <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i> ecotypes VM and EL than in <i>Salicornia brachiata</i> (SB) and <i>Arthrocnemum macrostachyum</i> (AM). Accordingly, SB and AM recovered better, whereas VM and EL showed significant damage 14 days after UV-C application. Reduced aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity, recently shown to detoxify carbonyl aldehydes in <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants, is likely responsible for the significantly higher RCS accumulation and damage in the VM and EL plants. As evidence for this, the VM plants exposed to exogenously applied 3 mM of malondialdehyde or 3 mM of benzaldehyde exhibited decreased AO activity, which resulted in the accumulation of endogenous RCS and severe damage, including mortality. In contrast, the AM plants were able to detoxify RCS by AO activity enhancement, exhibiting recovery after 25 days. These results highlight the role of RCS accumulation in VM and EL plant tissue damage, while improved AO activity, which resulted in improved RCS detoxification in SB and AM, promoted better recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}