The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"The RhEIN3–RhARGOS–RhHYD1 module connects ethylene and sterol signaling to regulate flower opening in rose","authors":"Haoran Ren,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Ji Tian,&nbsp;Yuming Liu,&nbsp;Xianhan Qiu,&nbsp;Muhammad Owais Shahid,&nbsp;Nan Ma,&nbsp;Junping Gao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhou","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For rose (<i>Rosa hybrida</i>) plants, flowering is not only a reproductive and survival strategy but also a determinant of their ornamental value. Ethylene is a critical plant hormone that accelerates flower opening, and sterols are important regulatory factors in the ethylene signaling pathway; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms through which sterols influence that pathway are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the sterol isomerase HYDRA1 (RhHYD1) participates in ethylene-induced flower opening in rose, and that AUXIN-REGULATED GENE IN ORGAN SIZE (RhARGOS) interacts with RhHYD1 and promotes its degradation. Knocking down <i>RhHYD1</i> transcript levels resulted in delayed flower opening and reduced ethylene sensitivity. Conversely, knocking down <i>RhARGOS</i> accelerated flower opening and increased ethylene sensitivity. Additionally, we determined that ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (RhEIN3), a pivotal transcription factor within the ethylene signaling pathway, binds to the <i>RhARGOS</i> promoter via TCTTCA motifs to promote <i>RhARGOS</i> transcription. In summary, our findings reveal that a RhEIN3–RhARGOS–RhHYD1 module regulates rose flower opening by connecting ethylene and sterol signaling, providing valuable insight into the mechanism underlying ethylene-promoted flower opening.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AtHDA6-AtSK2 module promotes cold tolerance by enhancing shikimate metabolism and antioxidant activity","authors":"Jianxun Su,&nbsp;Yongke Tian,&nbsp;Shuyi Hao,&nbsp;Xing Jin,&nbsp;Zhihao He,&nbsp;Lizhe An,&nbsp;Yuan Song","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low temperature is an environmental factor that significantly impairs the normal development of plants by limiting yield and quality. Although histone deacetylase HDA6 is involved in various biological processes, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its response to low temperatures remain unexplored in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the <i>HDA6</i> expression pattern at low temperatures and discovered that cold stress-induced transcriptional activity increased the HDA6 protein level. Freezing experiments demonstrated that HDA6 functions as a positive regulator in response to low temperatures. The point mutant <i>axe1-5</i> and the <i>HDA6</i> CRISPR-edited knockout mutants <i>hda6</i>^<i>CR</i><i>-1</i> and <i>hda6</i>^<i>CR</i><i>-2</i> exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to low temperature, while the <i>HDA6-GFP/axe1-5</i> complementation line successfully restored the cold-sensitive phenotype of the <i>axe1-5</i> mutant. HDA6 interacted with and deacetylated shikimate kinase SK2. Furthermore, HDA6 enhanced SK2 protein stability under cold stress. The SK2-mediated shikimate metabolic pathway is crucial for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, which are essential antioxidant precursors. Metabolomics analysis showed that the <i>hda6</i> mutant metabolites that decreased significantly under cold stress were primarily concentrated in the amino acid synthetic pathway. Additionally, the <i>hda6</i> and <i>sk2</i> mutants accumulated higher levels of superoxide anion but lower levels of antioxidant substances under cold stress, suggesting that HDA6 may enhance shikimate metabolism, downstream amino acid synthesis, and antioxidant accumulation by stabilizing SK2, thereby improving cold tolerance. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which HDA6 positively responds to low-temperature stress and identified the antifreeze genes <i>HDA6</i> and <i>SK2</i>. This study offers valuable genetic resources and theoretical support for breeding cold-resistant varieties and improving crop yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twists in the pattern: REM transcription factors determine phyllotaxis in the Arabidopsis inflorescence","authors":"Martin Balcerowicz","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70199","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Patterns that form with mathematical precision are remarkably prevalent in nature. The spirals seen in the scales of a pinecone or the seeds of a sunflower are examples of phyllotaxis, a self-organising process through which lateral organs arise at constant divergence angles around a central axis. These patterns are based on the Fibonacci sequence, where each number is the sum of the preceding two (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, …). Dividing a full circle of 360° by the ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers results in a larger arc of 222.5° and a smaller arc of 137.5°. This ‘golden angle’ of 137.5° is precisely the angle by which leaf or flower primordia are separated from one another. Why this pattern is so prevalent in nature remains unclear; it has been suggested it might improve light capture, maximise organ packing or be due to developmental constraints within the meristem (Reinhardt &amp; Gola, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the tissue level, phyllotactic patterns at the shoot apical and inflorescence meristems are shaped by gradients of the plant hormone auxin. Auxin is initially produced at the centre of the meristem and transported to regions at the meristem's periphery where a new leaf or flower primordium will form. The primordium depletes the surrounding area of auxin and thereby creates an ‘inhibitory field’ that defines the spacing between adjacent organs (Galvan-Ampudia et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, while auxin's role in establishing phyllotaxis is well understood, additional regulators of this process remain to be identified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Veronica Gregis and her team study mechanisms regulating reproductive development, with a focus on genetic networks that determine the identity and architecture of reproductive meristems. They investigate how transcription factors drive changes in meristem identity, and how these transcriptional cascades intersect with hormone pathways. They became particularly interested in Arabidopsis REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM (REM) transcription factors, which are predominantly expressed during inflorescence development. Although identifying the function of these transcription factors has been challenging because of their high redundancy (Mantegazza et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;), Gregis' team discovered that &lt;i&gt;REM34&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;REM35&lt;/i&gt; regulate gametophyte development (Caselli et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) as well as the transition from a vegetative to inflorescence meristem (Manrique et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further analysis of &lt;i&gt;REM34&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;REM35&lt;/i&gt; has been hampered by the lack of mutant alleles for &lt;i&gt;REM35&lt;/i&gt; and by the tight linkage of the two genes on chromosome 4 that effectively prevents the generation of double mutants by crossing. Postdoctoral researcher Francesca Caselli, first author of the highlighted publication, overcame this obstacle using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Analysis of the newly generated CRISPR mutants showed that the phyllotactic pattern of siliques was altered in &lt;i&gt;rem34&lt;/i&gt; an","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cr3a, a candidate gene conferring fruit cracking resistance, was fine-mapped in an introgression line of Solanum lycopersicum L.","authors":"Yifan Chen,&nbsp;Wenzheng Gao,&nbsp;Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Shuliang Qiu,&nbsp;Zhuoyao Qiu,&nbsp;Chenchen Dong,&nbsp;Ziteng Liu,&nbsp;Yongchen Du,&nbsp;Junming Li,&nbsp;Zejun Huang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Liwang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the cultivation and production of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), fruit cracking is a prevalent and detrimental issue that significantly impacts the esthetic quality and commercial value of the fruit. The complexity of the trait has resulted in a slow advancement in research aimed at identifying genes that influence tomato fruit cracking and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In this study, a sub-introgression population for tomato crack-resistant fruit has been constructed from the cross between <i>S. lycopersicum 1052</i> and <i>Solanum pennellii LA0716</i>, followed by 11 generations of selfing. Utilizing specifically designed InDel markers, the tomato crack-resistant gene, <i>Cr3a</i>, was fine-mapped, cloned, and its functionality was confirmed through transgenic and gene-knockout approaches. The precise localization of <i>Cr3a</i> was delineated to a 30 kb genomic region on chromosome 3, corresponding to the gene <i>Sopen03g034650</i> in <i>S. pennellii</i> and <i>Solyc03g115660.3</i> in the <i>Heinz1706</i> variety. An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fruits with and without the <i>Cr3a</i> gene was finally conducted to elucidate the intricate regulatory mechanisms associated with <i>Cr3a</i>. The findings revealed a molecular regulatory network for tomato fruit crack resistance, characterized by 7 key metabolites, 13 pivotal genes, and 4 critical pathways: the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, the linolenic acid metabolism pathway, and the cysteine and methionine metabolism pathway. In summary, this research provides novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of tomato fruit crack resistance and holds substantial promise for accelerating the molecular breeding of tomatoes with enhanced fruit crack resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico prediction method for plant Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat- and pathogen effector interactions","authors":"Alicia Fick,&nbsp;Jacobus Lukas Marthinus Fick,&nbsp;Velushka Swart,&nbsp;Noëlani van den Berg","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins play a crucial role in effector recognition and activation of Effector triggered immunity following pathogen infection. Genome sequencing advancements have led to the identification of a myriad of <i>NLRs</i> in numerous agriculturally important plant species. However, deciphering which NLRs recognize specific pathogen effectors remains challenging. Predicting NLR–effector interactions <i>in silico</i> will provide a more targeted approach for experimental validation, critical for elucidating function, and advancing our understanding of NLR-triggered immunity. In this study, NLR–effector protein complex structures were predicted using AlphaFold2-Multimer for all experimentally validated NLR–effector interactions reported in literature. Binding affinities- and energies were predicted using 97 machine learning models from Area-Affinity. We show that AlphaFold2-Multimer predicted structures have acceptable accuracy and can be used to investigate NLR–effector interactions <i>in silico</i>. Binding affinities for 58 NLR–effector complexes ranged between −8.5 and −10.6 log(K), and binding energies between −11.8 and −14.4 kcal/mol⁻¹, depending on the Area-Affinity model used. For 2427 “forced” NLR–effector complexes, these estimates showed larger variability, enabling identification of novel NLR–effector interactions with 99% accuracy using an Ensemble machine learning model. The narrow range of binding energies- and affinities for “true” interactions suggest a specific change in Gibbs free energy, and thus conformational change, is required for NLR activation. This is the first study to provide a method for predicting NLR–effector interactions, applicable to all pathosystems. Finally, the NLR–Effector Interaction Classification (NEIC) resource can streamline research efforts by identifying NLRs important for plant–pathogen resistance, advancing our understanding of plant immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of a phenylalanine sink in fast growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801 leads to improved PSII efficiency, linear electron transport, and carbon fixation","authors":"Arnav Deshpande,&nbsp;Melissa Marsing,&nbsp;Veerupaksh Singla,&nbsp;Iskander M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sujith Puthiyaveetil,&nbsp;John A. Morgan","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyanobacteria are investigated for fundamental photosynthesis research and sustainable production of valuable biochemicals. However, low product titer and biomass productivities are major bottlenecks to the economical scale-up. Recent studies have shown that the introduction of a metabolic sink, such as sucrose, 2,3-butanediol, and 2-phenyl ethanol, in cyanobacteria improves carbon fixation by relieving the “sink” limitation of photosynthesis. However, the impact of light intensity on the behavior of this sink-derived enhancement in carbon fixation is not well understood and is necessary for translation to outdoor cultivation. Here, using random mutagenesis, we engineered <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 11801 to overproduce 1.24 g L⁻¹ phenylalanine (Phe) in 3 days, identified L531W in the TolC protein as an important driver of Phe efflux, and investigated the effect of light intensity on total carbon fixation. We found that low light results in competition between biomass and Phe, whereas under excess light, a higher flux of fixed carbon is directed to the Phe sink. The introduction of the Phe sink improves the quantum yields of photosystem I and II with a concomitant increase in the total electron flow leading to nearly 70% increase in carbon fixation at high light in the mutant strain. Additionally, the cyclic electron flow decreased, which has implications for the ATP/NADPH production ratio. Our data highlight how light intensity affects the sink-derived enhancement in carbon fixation, the role of CEF to balance the source-sink demand for ATP and NADPH, and the enhancement of inorganic carbon fixation in cyanobacteria with an engineered sink.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PdGSTF1, PdGSTU3, and PdGSTU5 are essential for the accumulation of isosalipurposide and other pigments in peonies","authors":"Meng Yuan,&nbsp;Xinrui Wei,&nbsp;Fucheng Peng,&nbsp;Qun Wang,&nbsp;Lin Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Isosalipurposide (ISP) is a critical substance that gives peony its yellow phenotype; however, studies on its synthesis and transport in petals have not yet been conducted. During plant coloration, the transport of pigments is closely related to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). To this end, we performed the metabolomic analysis of petals from three different developmental stages of <i>Paeonia delavayi</i> var. <i>lutea</i> and combined it with transcriptomic data to comprehensively characterize the GST gene family. We identified 42 GST genes from <i>P. delavayi</i> var. <i>lutea</i> through transcriptome data mining. Among these, the molecular docking results of PdGSTF1, PdGSTU3, and PdGSTU5 showed that they have the ability to bind multiple flavonoids. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and overexpression experiments demonstrated that PdGSTF1, PdGSTU3, and PdGSTU5 can not only transport ISP but also transfer various pigments, including flavone glycosides, flavonol glycosides, and anthocyanin glycosides. Additionally, through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, PdMYB2 was identified as a protein interacting with PdGSTF1 and PdGSTU3, co-participating in the transport of flavonoids. Our research findings have elucidated the roles of key candidate PdGSTs in pigment transportation in <i>P. delavayi</i> var. <i>lutea</i> and uncovered their underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A circadian clock RD29A is an esterase, relaying PGPR stimuli via RD29B and OPDA signaling in priming plant drought tolerance","authors":"Simrandeep Kaur,&nbsp;Ashna Adhikari,&nbsp;Parbati Thapa,&nbsp;Wenshan Liu,&nbsp;Petre Ivanov Dobrev,&nbsp;Roberta Vaculiková,&nbsp;Jozef Lacek,&nbsp;Sang-Wook Park","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought is a critical limiting factor to crop production. Efforts to combat this problem through genetic engineering have been difficult to implement without growth tradeoffs. Hence, we recently identified two drought-responsive genes, <i>Response to Desiccation</i> (<i>RD</i>)<i>29A</i> and <i>RD29B</i>, which convey plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic tolerance (IST). IST primes enhanced drought tolerance in plants and, concomitantly, promote their growth and productivity. However, the role and activity of <i>RD29</i>s are largely unknown. In this study, we unravel the autonomous, yet intertwined functions and modes of <i>RD29</i>s. <i>RD29A</i> is a circadian clock esterase and <i>RD29B</i> is a constitutive transcriptional regulator, controlling the oscillatory cycle and induction of <i>RD29A</i> expressions in response to IST-inducing PGPR, <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> CR1. A diurnal peak of <i>RD29A</i> activity then facilitates cellular multitasking, allowing plants to concomitantly run “growth and defense” machineries via perhaps time-sharing of limited energy resources to each operation one by one. In line with these findings, the transient overexpression of Arabidopsis <i>RD29</i>s led to the reconstitution of IST in <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> and <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. On the contrary, <i>RD29A</i> can relay two different hormone, abscisic acid (ABA) and 12-<i>oxo</i>-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), signaling through distinct <i>cis</i>-regulatory, DRE/ABRE, and TGA elements, respectively. Together, <i>RD29</i>s coordinates general and/or systemic defense processes against various environmental constraints including drought and wounding. We hence conclude that <i>RD29</i>s are unique contenders that uncouple critical aspects of plant defenses; OPDA and ABA crosstalk, IST development, and growth and defense coordination, in shaping the optimal phenomes of plant varieties under different ecological conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE 2 (IPCS2) as a new rate-limiting component in Arabidopsis pathogen entry control","authors":"Josephine Mittendorf,&nbsp;Tegan M. Haslam,&nbsp;Cornelia Herrfurth,&nbsp;Nicolas Esnay,&nbsp;Yohann Boutté,&nbsp;Ivo Feussner,&nbsp;Volker Lipka","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE 2 (IPCS2) is involved in the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids at the <i>trans</i>-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we demonstrate a role of IPCS2 in penetration resistance against non-adapted powdery mildew fungi. A novel <i>ipcs2</i>_<i>W205</i>* mutant was recovered from a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis plants with enhanced epidermal cell entry success of the non-adapted barley fungus <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i> (<i>Bgh</i>). A yeast complementation assay and a sphingolipidomic approach revealed that the <i>ipcs2</i>_<i>W205</i>* mutant represents a knock-out and lacks IPCS2-specific enzymatic activity. Further mutant analyses suggested that IPCS2-derived glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are required for cell entry control of non-adapted fungal intruders. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies indicated that upon pathogen attack, IPCS2 remains at the TGN to produce GIPCs, while focal accumulation of the defense cargo PENETRATION 3 (PEN3) at <i>Bgh</i> penetration sites was reduced in the <i>ipcs2</i>_<i>W205</i>* mutant background. Thus, we propose a model in which sorting events at the TGN are facilitated by complex sphingolipids, regulating polar secretion of PEN3 to host-pathogen contact sites to terminate fungal ingress.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GERMIN3 regulates tuber initiation and axillary bud activation by facilitating plasmodesmatal gating","authors":"Raymond Campbell,&nbsp;Graham Cowan,&nbsp;Bernhard Wurzinger,&nbsp;Laurence J. M. Ducreux,&nbsp;Jimmy Dessoly,&nbsp;Wenbin Guo,&nbsp;Runxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jenny A. Morris,&nbsp;Pete Hedley,&nbsp;Vanessa Wahl,&nbsp;Mark A. Taylor,&nbsp;Robert D. Hancock","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>GERMIN3</i> has previously been identified as a target of the tuberigen activation complex, suggesting a function in potato tuberisation, but its role is presently unknown. In the present study, we analysed morphological, agronomic and molecular phenotypes of GERMIN3 transgenic lines in <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> ssp. <i>andigena</i> and in the tuberosum cultivar Desiree. <i>GERMIN3</i> over-expressing lines of <i>S. tuberosum</i> ssp. <i>andigena</i> exhibited increased tuber yields and enhanced tuber numbers. Post-harvest tuber sprouting exhibited greater bud activation with increased numbers of sprouts. Axillary buds were also activated in aerial tissues of mature plants, resulting in increased stem branching. Similar results were observed in the commercial cultivar Desiree. Over-expression of <i>GERMIN3</i> had no impact on the expression of <i>SP6A</i>, a positive regulator of tuberisation, or <i>TFL1B</i>, a negative regulator. The GERMIN3 protein localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, and transient expression in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves resulted in plasmodesmatal gating, allowing intercellular transport of GFP-tagged sporamin independent of GERMIN3 oxalate oxidase activity. We propose that GERMIN3 affects tuberisation and other developmental processes by facilitating meristem activation. This identifies GERMIN3 as a novel protein associated with control of plasmodesmatal transport and supports the importance of plasmodesmatal gating in the regulation of key potato developmental processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}