The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"More questions than answers: insights into potential cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases redox signalling in Arabidopsis","authors":"Sergio Martin-Ramirez,&nbsp;Jente Stouthamer,&nbsp;Elwira Smakowska-Luzan","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past few decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding how plasma-membrane localised receptor kinases (RKs) detect signals and activate responses to various stimuli. Numerous examples of ligand-induced receptor activation mechanisms and their downstream consequences have been characterised in detail. The crucial role of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as the phosphorylation of receptor kinases, has been demonstrated concerning different cellular responses. Given the diverse structures and architectures of the extracellular domains (ECDs) of RKs, it is probable that various forms of PTMs also play an essential role in receptor activation, including cysteine oxidative modifications triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The function of cysteine oxidative modifications as functional redox switches that modulate protein structure and function has been extensively studied across various multicellular organisms. Based on biochemical and structural characteristics, the family of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRK) emerges as excellent candidates for proteins regulated in a redox-dependent manner. This review provides a concise overview of cysteine's biochemical and structural properties in its role as a molecular redox switch. Drawing on the currently available literature, we describe how cysteine-redox signalling is maintained, particularly in plant cells. We further focus on extracellular ROS perception and the role of CRKs as promising candidates for ROS sensors in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We discuss the structural and biochemical properties of CRKs, their involvement in plant growth and defence processes, and our perspective on why CRKs could be key components of the ROS sensing machinery or ROS sensors, especially regarding the dimerization abilities of CRKs. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in identifying and quantifying cysteine oxidative modifications and propose methods for detecting ROS-modified cysteines that may be promising for investigating the role of CRKs in extracellular ROS perception and signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retinoblastoma-related protein promotes adventitious root development and secondary wall formation in Populus through the SHR/SCR network","authors":"Haoran Qi,&nbsp;Luyang Shan,&nbsp;Yaoyao Zhu,&nbsp;Tengfei Shen,&nbsp;Ling Wu,&nbsp;Meng Xu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retinoblastoma-Related (RBR) proteins, evolutionarily conserved homologs of animal RB tumor suppressor, are involved in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and stress responses. This study systematically investigates the functional characterization of <i>PeRBR</i> in hybrid poplar (<i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>P. euramericana</i>, clone “Nanlin 895”) and its regulatory interactions with the SHR/SCR network governing adventitious root (AR) morphogenesis and secondary wall biogenesis. Transgenic poplar overexpressing <i>PeRBR</i> exhibited significant enhancement in AR system architecture and secondary xylem development, manifesting increased cambial cell layers (1.5–2.2 fold) and elevated lignin deposition (35% increase). Molecular analyses employing bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that PeRBR directly interacts with PeSCR in the nucleus while transcriptionally upregulating <i>PeSHR</i>, <i>PeCYCD6;1</i>, and <i>PeWOX5</i> expression. Transcriptomic profiling identified 817 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT plants and overexpression transgenic lines (<i>OE_PeRBR</i>), with notable enrichment in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Key lignin biosynthesis genes (<i>PAL</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>CAD</i>) and cellulose synthase (<i>CesA</i>) family members showed significant upregulation in <i>OE_PeRBR</i> lines compared to WT. These findings establish PeRBR as a central regulatory node within the SHR/SCR network, coordinating both AR development and secondary wall formation through transcriptional reprogramming of cell cycle regulators and cell wall biosynthesis machinery in woody species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A core Plasmopara viticola effector attenuates the DNA-binding activity of bZIP transcription factor to compromise plant immunity","authors":"Jiaqi Liu,&nbsp;Tao Ma,&nbsp;Jianxiang Liang,&nbsp;Bohan Yang,&nbsp;Shuyun Chen,&nbsp;Xinlong Li,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Jiang Lu,&nbsp;Peining Fu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) frequently faces challenges from various pathogens, among which <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> is the most devastating one hindering grape production. During infection, <i>P. viticola</i> secretes a series of effectors into host cells to manipulate plant immune responses. Here, an RXLR effector of <i>P. viticola</i>, PvRXLR13, was identified as one that could disrupt immune processes and thus promote pathogen colonization. PvRXLR13 contained a functional signal peptide and was highly conserved across different destructive oomycetes. <i>PvRXLR13</i> was significantly induced during <i>P. viticola</i> infection and could suppress elicitor chitin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose deposition, and INF1-triggered cell death. Furthermore, PvRXLR13 could also inhibit <i>P. viticola</i>- and <i>P. capsici-</i>triggered H₂O₂ accumulation and promote pathogen colonization in both grapevine and <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>, respectively. VvHY5, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, was found to be the host target of PvRXLR13. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of <i>VvHY5</i> enhanced grapevine resistance to <i>P. viticola</i> and <i>P. viticola</i>-triggered H₂O₂ accumulation. Furthermore, we found that VvHY5 directly bound to the promoter of the positive immune factor <i>VvEDS1</i> and activated its expression, whereas PvRXLR13 attenuated the DNA-binding activity of VvHY5 during <i>P. viticola</i> infection. Further analysis revealed that other members of grape bZIPs, VvbZIP6/9/21/32/34/37, were also involved in the defense response against <i>P. viticola</i> invasion. Just like HY5/HYH, all these bZIP family members were targeted by the effector PvRXLR13. Collectively, our findings suggest that <i>P. viticola</i> secretes a key effector PvRXLR13 to compromise the function in immune regulation of bZIP transcription factors to promote infection in grapevine.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative spatial transcriptomic analysis pinpoints the role of the ferroxidase, TaMCO3, in wheat root tip iron mobilization","authors":"Riya Joon,&nbsp;Gourav Singh,&nbsp;Deepshikha Tyagi,&nbsp;Varsha Meena,&nbsp;Vishnu Shukla,&nbsp;Kanupriya Agrwal,&nbsp;Shivani Saini,&nbsp; Mankiran,&nbsp;Hamida Banoo,&nbsp;Santosh B. Satbhai,&nbsp;Jagtar Singh,&nbsp;Terri Long,&nbsp;Eswarayya Ramireddy,&nbsp;Ajay K. Pandey","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Roots play a critical role in the sensing and absorption of essential minerals from the rhizosphere. Iron (Fe) deficiency, for example, triggers a well-known series of physiological and molecular responses within roots that facilitate uptake, which differs between monocots and dicots. In monocots, little is known about the molecular responses that occur within specific root development zones in response to iron deprivation, and how these differences result in overall nutrient uptake. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of wheat root tips under Fe deficiency (−Fe) and performed a comparative transcriptome analysis with the previous datasets generated from the whole root. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted the significance of oxidoreductase activity and metal/ion transport in the root tip, which are critical for Fe mobilization. Interestingly, wheat, an allohexaploid species consisting of three different genomes (A, B, and D) displayed varying gene expression levels arising from the three genomes that contributed to similar molecular functions. Detailed analysis of oxidoreductase function at the root tip revealed multiple <i>m</i>ulti<i>c</i>opper <i>o</i>xidase (MCO) proteins, such as Fe-responsive TaMCO3, that likely contribute to the overall ferroxidase activity. Further characterization of <i>TaMCO3</i> shows that it complements the yeast FET3 mutant and rescues the −Fe sensitivity phenotype of Arabidopsis <i>atmco3</i> mutants by enhancing vascular Fe loading. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaMCO3 exhibited increased root Fe accumulation and improved tolerance to −Fe by augmenting the expression of Fe-mobilizing genes. Our findings highlight the role of spatially resolved gene expression in −Fe responses, suggesting strategies to reprogram cells for improved nutrient stress tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveil TaASMT3-mediated wheat resistance against stripe rust by promoting melatonin biosynthesis","authors":"Lihua Jiang,&nbsp;Zekai Yuan,&nbsp;Wenting Yan,&nbsp;Pei Tang,&nbsp;Pu Yuan,&nbsp;Peijing Zheng,&nbsp;Jinfang Chu,&nbsp;Peiyong Xin,&nbsp;Shujing Cheng,&nbsp;Zhensheng Kang,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants have evolved a series of complicated defense mechanisms to counteract pathogen invasions. Although many studies have provided molecular evidence of resistance proteins and downstream signal transduction networks, the mechanisms by which plants resist pathogens remain poorly understood at the metabolite level. Here, we performed transcriptomic analyses of wheat leaves infected with <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>), the causal agent of wheat stripe rust. Functional enrichment analysis of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the strongest resistance responses at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) in the incompatible wheat–<i>Pst</i> interaction system. Integrated with the metabolomics data at 24 hpi, we found that the amino acid metabolic pathways appeared to be directly involved in stripe rust resistance. Among these, five differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) indole, tryptophan, tryptamine, <i>N</i>-Methylserotonin, and 5-Methoxyindoleacetate were enriched to the biosynthesis pathway of melatonin, a branch of tryptophan metabolism. Subsequent UPLC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that melatonin was highly accumulated in the incompatible wheat–<i>Pst</i> system, but not in the compatible interaction system. Exogenous melatonin treatment induced wheat resistance to <i>Pst.</i> The most significantly upregulated melatonin biosynthesis-related gene in the incompatible wheat–<i>Pst</i> system was <i>TaASMT3</i>, which encodes an acetylserotonin <i>O</i>-methyltransferase. Virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that knocking down <i>TaASMT3</i> reduced wheat resistance to stripe rust, further suggesting a positive role of melatonin in wheat resistance to <i>Pst</i>. Taken together, these data suggest that melatonin was accumulated during <i>Pst</i> infection to activate wheat defense responses, offering a new perspective for elucidation of wheat stripe rust resistance based on metabolic dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of nicotianamine synthesis enhances cadmium mobility in plants and results in higher seed cadmium concentrations","authors":"Fabian Hollmann,&nbsp;Michael Weber,&nbsp;Mark G. M. Aarts,&nbsp;Stephan Clemens","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient biofortification, i.e., the enrichment of edible plant organs with micronutrients available for human consumption, is pursued through breeding and genetic engineering approaches. Enriching for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), two of the most critical trace elements, in cereal grains can be achieved by boosting the synthesis of nicotianamine (NA), a key metal chelator in plants. However, metal transport and distribution pathways are not entirely specific and may lead to the adventitious accumulation of potentially highly toxic non-essential metals such as cadmium (Cd). We found evidence for the formation of intracellular Cd-NA complexes driving Cd uptake and accumulation in two different yeast species and therefore studied <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> mutants as well as NA synthase overexpression lines in wild-type and mutant backgrounds that showed varying degrees of NA deficiency or overproduction relative to controls. NA synthesis was enhanced by metal excess and conferred Cd and Zn tolerance. Importantly, when cultivated on soil containing environmentally relevant Cd levels, NA-overproducing lines accumulated not only more Fe and Zn in their seeds but also more Cd. Thus, the engineering of NA synthesis can result in an unintended food safety risk that should be mitigated by carefully monitoring Cd phytoavailability in soils and, ideally, the use of low Cd germplasm for the engineering of biofortified crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two CENH3 paralogs in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have a redundantly essential function and associate with ZeppL-LINE1 elements","authors":"Dianyi Liu,&nbsp;Mingyu Wang,&nbsp;Jonathan I. Gent,&nbsp;Peipei Sun,&nbsp;R. Kelly Dawe,&nbsp;James Umen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Centromeres in eukaryotes are defined by the presence of histone H3 variant CENP-A/CENH3. Chlamydomonas encodes two predicted CENH3 paralogs, CENH3.1 and CENH3.2, that have not been previously characterized. We generated peptide antibodies to unique N-terminal epitopes for each of the two predicted Chlamydomonas CENH3 paralogs as well as an antibody against a shared CENH3 epitope. All three CENH3 antibodies recognized proteins of the expected size on immunoblots and had punctate nuclear immunofluorescence staining patterns. These results are consistent with both paralogs being expressed and localized to centromeres. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated insertional mutagenesis was used to generate predicted null mutations in either <i>CENH3.1</i> or <i>CENH3.2</i>. Single mutants were viable but <i>cenh3.1 cenh3.2</i> double mutants were not recovered, confirming that the function of CENH3 is essential. We sequenced and assembled two chromosome-scale Chlamydomonas genomes from strains CC-400 and UL-1690 (a derivative of CC-1690) with complete centromere sequences for 17/17 and 14/17 chromosomes respectively, enabling us to compare centromere evolution across four isolates with near complete assemblies. These data revealed significant changes across isolates between homologous centromeres including mobility and degeneration of ZeppL-LINE1 (ZeppL) transposons that comprise the major centromere repeat sequence in Chlamydomonas. We used cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&amp;Tag) to purify and map CENH3-bound genomic sequences and found enrichment of CENH3-binding almost exclusively at predicted centromere regions. An interesting exception was chromosome 2 in UL-1690, which had enrichment at its genetically mapped centromere repeat region as well as a second, distal location, centered around a single recently acquired ZeppL insertion. The CENH3-bound regions of the 17 Chlamydomonas centromeres ranged from 63.5 kb (average lower estimate) to 175 kb (average upper estimate). The relatively small size of its centromeres suggests that Chlamydomonas may be a useful organism for testing and deploying artificial chromosome technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxus NPF transporter involved in the uptake of 10-deacetylbaccatin III facilitates the biosynthesis of taxane compounds","authors":"Hiroaki Kusano,&nbsp;Homare Tabata,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Kaori Kanazawa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Minami,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Kato,&nbsp;Yuki Tobimatsu,&nbsp;Kazufumi Yazaki","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paclitaxel is an anticancer diterpene derivative produced by yew trees (<i>Taxus</i> spp.) as a forest resource. The biosynthetic pathway in <i>Taxus</i> spp. consists of intricate enzyme reactions, which involve many acylation steps on the taxadiene core structure. Time course analysis of the culture medium of yew cell suspension cultures revealed the dynamics of relevant taxane compounds, suggesting the active movement of biosynthetic intermediates across the plasma membrane leading to paclitaxel formation. Here, we report the identification of a yew NPF-type transporter, NPF2.1, involved in the uptake of 10-deacetylbaccatin III as a proton symporter. Expression of NPF2.1 in yeast facilitated the in vivo acetylation of 10-deacetylbaccatin III. In YPD culture media, 10-deacetylbaccatin III (0.1 mg L⁻¹) was effectively converted to the acetylated product within 5 days at pH 5.3. The NPF2.1-mediated yeast bioconversion system was then used for gene discovery studies, which identified a novel BAHD acyltransferase that exhibited acylation activity with broad substrate specificity for acyl donors. These results suggest that the application of yeast NPF2.1 is a powerful molecular tool for the discovery of new paclitaxel biosynthetic genes and also for the production of paclitaxel in a synthetic biology approach.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of functional DOG1 residues regulating the abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis","authors":"Noriyuki Nishimura,&nbsp;Wataru Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Nahomi Suzuki,&nbsp;Takashi Hirayama,&nbsp;Toshimasa Yamazaki","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating seed dormancy and germination. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is a pivotal regulator of seed dormancy and regulates the ABA response by binding with ABA HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION 1 (AHG1) and heme. However, to date, the molecular function and regulatory mechanisms of DOG1 remain unclear, including the relationship between DOG1 and the ABA response. Here, we investigate the mechanism of DOG1 in the ABA response using RNA sequencing, genetics, and biochemistry experiments. Our data suggest that DOG1 and AHG1 regulate the expression of many common genes, including seed maturation and ABA response. Moreover, DOG1 acts upstream of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and regulates ABI5 target genes including <i>LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT 1</i> (<i>EM1</i>) and <i>EM6</i>. We therefore performed a genetic screen to isolate mutants that suppress the ABA hypersensitive phenotype of YFP-DOG1-overexpressing transgenic plants. Ten mutant alleles caused mutations in the <i>DOG1</i> transgene region, including three premature stop codon mutations and seven single amino acid substitutions. One of these mutants, P178L, which contains an amino acid substitution, abolished the interaction with AHG1 and promoted the dimerization of DOG1. Furthermore, we identify a heme-binding residue, Cys96, that plays an important role in ABA response. Overall, these data suggest that DOG1 and AHG1 regulate ABA response via ABI5 and that the association between heme and AHG1 is critical for the function of DOG1 during the regulation of seed germination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdWRKY71 positively regulates drought tolerance in apple plants by interplaying with MdARF3 and promoting superoxide dismutase biosynthesis","authors":"Jiahong Lv,&nbsp;Yue Wu,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang,&nbsp;Yimei Huang,&nbsp;Yifu Xie,&nbsp;Jirong Zhao,&nbsp;Ting Wu,&nbsp;Xinzhong Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhai Han","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the ongoing rise in global temperatures, drought stress has become a significant threat to the normal growth and development of horticultural crops. Identifying the regulatory genes is the key to genetic improvement. Extensive research has highlighted the pivotal role of WRKY transcription factors in orchestrating plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their precise involvement in drought tolerance and the related molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that MdWRKY71 functioned as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in apple. Overexpressing MdWRKY71 in apple improved drought tolerance, while silencing it had the opposite effect. Additionally, under drought stress, compared with the control, chlorophyll fluorescence values, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase levels were elevated in <i>MdWRKY71</i>-overexpressing apple and tobacco transgenic materials. Interaction analysis showed that MdWRKY71 directly binds to the W-box element of the <i>MdFeSOD</i> promoter and activates its transcription. We used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify potential interactors of MdWRKY71 and confirmed the interaction between MdWRKY71 and MdARF3 using Pull-down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and luciferase complementation imaging assays. Interestingly, MdARF3 enhanced MdWRKY71-mediated transcriptional activation of <i>MdFeSOD</i> through their interaction. In summary, our findings revealed that the MdWRKY71–MdARF3 module synergistically upregulates the expression of <i>MdFeSOD</i> and SOD enzyme activity in response to drought stress. This research uncovers a new mechanism of plant drought tolerance and presents a feasible strategy to enhance plant drought tolerance through stabilizing the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}