The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis of ubiquitin E2 genes in Setaria: evidence for the roles of E2 genes in various aspects of plant development, stress tolerance, and domestication","authors":"Zaixu Zhou,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Yannan Wang,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Han Jia,&nbsp;Hui Zhi,&nbsp;Guanqing Jia,&nbsp;Yuanhuai Han,&nbsp;Xianmin Diao,&nbsp;Sha Tang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70473","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ubiquitin E2 enzymes (E2s) are critical mediators in the ubiquitination cascade, a post-translational modification process that regulates protein stability, activity, localization, and degradation. Here, we analyzed the <i>E2</i> gene family in foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>), integrating comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and functional studies. A total of 52 <i>E2</i> genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies (UBC, UEV, SCE, and RCE) based on phylogenetic analysis across 49 species. Notably, foxtail millet exhibited significant gene expansion. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed distinct roles of <i>E2</i> genes in growth and development. Haplotype and quantitative trait loci analyses demonstrated that several <i>E2</i> genes, including <i>SiUBC39</i>, are associated with key agronomic traits, such as plant height, flowering time, and stress tolerance. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated the functional role of <i>SiUBC39</i>, finding that its disruption led to phenotypes resembling wild species (<i>Setaria viridis</i>), such as early flowering and reduced plant height and grain yield. IP-MS and transcriptome analysis revealed <i>SiUBC39</i>'s involvement in growth and development regulation, drought stress response, and immune response. SiPIP2;1 and SiEhd2 were identified as interactors of SiUBC39, explaining its roles in blast resistance and flowering time control. Furthermore, domestication analysis identified an A/G mutation in the <i>SiUBC39</i> promoter TATA box, distinguishing domesticated and wild haplotypes and highlighting its role in domestication selection. This study underscores the essential roles of <i>E2</i> genes in regulating crop agronomic traits and stress responses, providing valuable insights for genetic improvement in foxtail millet and other cereals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora enters apple leaves through naturally occurring wounds from the abscission of trichomes","authors":"Felicia Millett,&nbsp;James Standish,&nbsp;Jules Scanley,&nbsp;Katelyn Miller,&nbsp;John Inguagiato,&nbsp;Nubia Zuverza-Mena,&nbsp;Maritza Abril,&nbsp;Victoria Robinson,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;George W. Sundin,&nbsp;Quan Zeng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The plant epidermis is a single layer of cells covering all plant organs. How pathogens overcome this barrier and enter plants is an important aspect of plant–pathogen interactions. For bacterial plant pathogens, known entry points include natural openings, such as stomata, hydathodes, and mechanical injuries caused by insect feeding, wind damage, or hailstorms. Here, we report that the fire blight pathogen <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> enters apple leaves through naturally occurring wounds caused by the abscission of trichomes during the course of leaf development. Through macroscopic and microscopic observations, we depicted a clear invasion path for <i>E. amylovora</i> cells, from epiphytic growth on glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NT) to entry through wounds caused by abscised trichomes, into the epithem, and subsequent spread through xylem. We further observed that GT and NT undergo an abscission process, and that the amount of naturally occurring wounds during abscission is associated with the increase in <i>E. amylovora</i> population. Key genes important for the colonization of GT and NT were identified. The contribution of the type III secretion system and amylovoran biosynthesis during GT colonization was validated. Our findings propose a novel host entry mechanism of plant pathogenic bacteria through naturally occurring wounds during the abscission of plant surface structures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond parental lines: multi-omics analyses reveal epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying heterosis in Oryza sativa × Oryza rufipogon hybrids","authors":"Xin Peng,&nbsp;Yahui Wu,&nbsp;Yuli Gan,&nbsp;Jiantao Tan,&nbsp;Qian Qian,&nbsp;MengYuan Shen,&nbsp;Kangli Sun,&nbsp;Xing Huo,&nbsp;Degui Zhou,&nbsp;Qi Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the superior phenotypes of a hybrid compared with their parents and is widely exploited in agriculture. Interspecific hybrids within the <i>Oryza</i> genus demonstrate significant potential for the systematic improvement of rice varieties. Nevertheless, the mechanistic basis underlying heterosis in interspecific <i>Oryza</i> hybrids remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically performed phenotypic characterization, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA sequencing, and small RNA profiling using <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. ssp. <i>japonica</i> cv. <i>Nipponbare</i> (NIP), <i>Oryza rufipogon</i> Griff. acc. CWR, and their resulting F₁ hybrid (named as NC). NIP and CWR showed distinct phenotypic and molecular differences. The interspecific hybrid, NC, exhibited significant yield heterosis. In the hybrid, most epigenetic and transcriptional features displayed additive inheritance patterns relative to parental lines. Analysis revealed that domestication-selected genes maintained relatively low DNA methylation coupled with high expression levels in both hybrid and parental lines. Additionally, we identified that non-additive miRNAs were potentially involved in regulating fertility, cell growth, and cell division processes in the hybrid. A significant negative correlation was observed between DNA methylation level and gene expression. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that hybrid-MPV DEGs were significantly associated with flowering time regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, protein phosphorylation, seed development, and defense responses. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 102 functional gene modules, six of which were significantly associated with yield-related heterosis. Collectively, our results provide a multi-omics framework for understanding interspecific hybridization between elite cultivars and wild rice relatives, highlighting CWR as an untapped genetic reservoir for rice improvement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The miR396b-MsGRF1c module positively associates with alfalfa nodule senescence","authors":"Jianping Yan,&nbsp;Yanrong Liu,&nbsp;Yanan Gao,&nbsp;Mingzhi Xu,&nbsp;Kangning Zhang,&nbsp;Yaling Liu,&nbsp;Wanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70468","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The miR396-GRF module plays a vital role in the growth and development of plant organs. However, its function in the development of leguminous nodules remains unclear. Here, we observed significant upregulation of miR396b in alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) senescent nodules, especially in the upper part of the nitrogen fixation region. Transgenic lines overexpressing or sequestering miR396b were generated to examine its role in nodule senescence. Here, we report that miR396b acts as a positive regulator in nodule senescence by affecting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different regions of a nodule. Among the 10 miR396b-targeted <i>MsGRFs</i>, <i>MsGRF1c</i> showed the most significant transcriptional suppression by miR396b in nodules. By overexpressing <i>rMsGRF1c</i> (a synonymous mutation of <i>MsGRF1c</i> resistant to miR396b cleavage) and suppression of MsGRF1c activity via <i>MsGRF1c-SRDX</i> overexpression in alfalfa, we confirmed that <i>MsGRF1c</i> delayed nodule senescence by regulating ROS distribution and promoted alfalfa above-ground biomass yield after sinorhizobium inoculation. A glutamine synthetase gene (<i>MsGS2</i>), which showed differentially expressed in the RNA sequencing data, was markedly upregulated in the nodule senescent region and repressed by <i>MsGRF1c.</i> Then, <i>MsGS2</i> was experimentally validated as a direct transcriptional target of MsGRF1c. Transient interference of <i>MsGS2</i> expression in nodules via antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment proved its essential role in regulating ROS distribution and nitrogen fixation efficiency in alfalfa nodules. Our results shed light on the miR396b-<i>MsGRF1c</i>-<i>MsGS2</i> pathway that plays a vital role in regulating alfalfa nodule senescence by affecting ROS distribution, and we propose an alternative way to create new alfalfa germplasm with enhanced nitrogen fixation capacity and biomass yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-binding proteins orchestrating immunity in plants","authors":"Marcel Bach-Pages,&nbsp;Athira Menon,&nbsp;Brett Wadley,&nbsp;Alfredo Castello,&nbsp;Gail M. Preston","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) direct the function and fate of RNA throughout the RNA lifecycle and play important roles in plant immunity, orchestrating the post-transcriptional reprogramming of the transcriptome following induction of plant immune responses, a process that we term ‘RBP-mediated immunity’. Although the importance of specific RBPs in plant immunity has been known for many years, this field of research is rapidly expanding as new techniques for global profiling of protein–RNA interactions, together with techniques such as ribosomal profiling and metabolic profiling to monitor mRNA translation and turnover and advanced imaging techniques to study RNA and protein structure and localisation, are uncovering new RBPs and providing new insight into the role of RBPs in plant–microbe interactions. Here we discuss the regulatory roles of RBPs during the RNA lifecycle, with a particular focus on post-transcriptional processes and how RBP functions alter plants' immunological profile in response to cellular pathogens, drawing both on studies of specific RBPs and insights from global profiling approaches. Unsurprisingly, given their central role in plant immune responses, RBPs can also be targeted by pathogens and therefore represent one of the plant's Achilles' heels. We therefore also review emerging evidence for RBP-mediated susceptibility in plants. Together, knowledge regarding the regulation, specificity and function of immune-related RBPs can inform plant-breeding programmes to generate crops with increased disease resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome imbalance modulates the expression of long non-coding RNAs in maize","authors":"Wenjie Yue,&nbsp;Chuang Yu,&nbsp;Hua Yang,&nbsp;Shiqi Lin,&nbsp;Shuyi Liu,&nbsp;James A. Birchler,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genome imbalance, resulting from varying the dosage of individual chromosomes (aneuploidy), has a more detrimental effect than changes in complete sets of chromosomes (haploidy/polyploidy). This imbalance is likely due to disruptions in stoichiometry and interactions among macromolecular assemblies. Previous research has shown that aneuploidy causes global modulation of protein-coding genes (PCGs), microRNAs, and transposable elements (TEs), affecting both the varied chromosome (<i>cis</i>-located) and unvaried genome regions (<i>trans</i>-located) across various taxa. While long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important gene expression regulators, their roles in the context of genomic imbalance remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed and compared the impact of aneuploidy and haploidy/polyploidy on lncRNA expression using RNA-seq data from maize mature leaf tissue. Our results indicate that <i>cis</i>-located lncRNAs are modulated from dosage compensation to a gene dosage effect, while <i>trans</i>-located lncRNAs exhibit trends ranging from an inverse effect to a positive correlation with chromosomal dosage. Remarkably, the ploidy series showed a lesser degree of lncRNA modulation. LncRNAs and TEs display a similar trend of inverse modulation but exhibit greater sensitivity to dosage changes compared to PCGs. The construction of <i>cis</i>-acting and <i>trans</i>-acting lncRNA co-expression networks indicates that lncRNAs likely function as dosage-sensitive regulators of gene expression under conditions of genomic imbalance. Overall, this study not only elucidates the dosage effect of plant lncRNAs but also serves as a valuable resource for exploring potential regulators of PCGs that play significant biological functions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic resequencing unravels species differentiation and polyploid origins in the aquatic plant genus Trapa","authors":"Xiangrong Fan,&nbsp;Minghao Qu,&nbsp;Nancy Rybicki,&nbsp;Lynde L. Dodd,&nbsp;Jie Min,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen,&nbsp;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Trapa</i> L. is a non-cereal aquatic crop with significant economic and ecological value. However, debates over its classification have caused uncertainties in species differentiation and the mechanisms of polyploid speciation. This study employed whole-genome resequencing together with the fruit morphology of 229 <i>Trapa</i> accessions (153 Asian and 76 North American samples) to elucidate species differentiation and polyploidization events in <i>Trapa</i>. For the species with AA genome and large fruits, clear genetic differentiation was found between two clades with different geographic origins, that is, from the Yangtze River and Amur River basins. The invasive AA species in North America (<i>T. natans</i>) was identified as originating from the Amur River based on genetic and morphological similarities, while all the cultivated accessions were AA species originating from the Yangtze River with severe genetic impoverishment. The separation of the two BB species with small seeds, that is, <i>T. incisa</i> and <i>T. maximowiczii</i>, was strongly supported by both morphological and genetic evidence. For the tetraploids, Asian and North American tetraploids were revealed to have distinct evolutionary origins. Asian allotetraploids (AABB) originated through hybridization between AA diploids from the Yangtze River Basin and BB diploids <i>T. maximowiczii</i>, supported by nuclear and chloroplast evidence. In contrast, the invasive North American tetraploids (<i>T. bispinosa</i> var. <i>iinumai</i>) exhibited an AACC-like genome, suggesting an independent polyploidization involving an unknown “CC” diploid. These findings provide critical insights into <i>Trapa</i>'s complex evolutionary history, polyploidizations, and invasive origins, offering a genomic foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of the underutilized aquatic crop amid global environmental challenges.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The FIBRILLIN multigene family in tomato, their roles in plastoglobuli structure and metabolism","authors":"Juliana Almeida,&nbsp;Laura Perez-Fons,&nbsp;Margit Drapal,&nbsp;Kit Liew,&nbsp;Eugenia M. A. Enfissi,&nbsp;Paul D. Fraser","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastoglobuli (PG) are plant lipoprotein compartments, present in plastid organelles. They are involved in the formation and/or storage of lipophilic metabolites. FIBRILLINs (FBNs) are one of the main PG-associated proteins and are particularly abundant in carotenoid-enriched chromoplasts found in ripe fruits and flowers. To address the contribution of different FBNs, independently and in combination, to isoprenoid formation and sequestration, a multiplex gene editing approach was undertaken in tomato. This approach generated a suite of single and high-order <i>fbn</i> mutants that were shown to lack transcripts and respective protein products. The major PG-related FBNs in tomato chosen for this study are <i>Sl</i>FBN1, <i>Sl</i>FBN2a, <i>Sl</i>FBN4 and <i>Sl</i>FBN7a. When knocked out independently, functional redundancy was revealed. However, paralog-specific roles were detected regulating specific isoprenoids (e.g. plastochromanol 8) or plastidial esterification capability. In addition, high-order <i>fbn</i> mutants displayed altered isoprenoid chromoplast sequestration patterns, notably with a significant reduction in carotenes (phytoene and phytofluene) in the PG fraction. Proteomic analysis confirmed the absence of PG-core associated proteins, including NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase C1, tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) and phytol esterase (PES1/PYP). Perturbations to the ultrastructure of the plastid were revealed, with aberrant PG formation and morphology predominating in high-order mutants. Global lipidome profiles also highlighted broader changes directly affecting storage and plastid membrane lipids, for example, tri- and diacylglycerides and galactolipid species. Collectively, these results support both structural and metabolic roles of <i>Sl</i>FBNs in PGs. The findings expose fundamental aspects of metabolic compartmentalisation in plant cells and the importance of lipoprotein particles for plastid integrity and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ONAC005 enhances salt stress tolerance by promoting suberin deposition in root endodermis","authors":"Yeonjoon Kim,&nbsp;Boyeong Kim,&nbsp;Jinku Kang,&nbsp;Sang-Il Bae,&nbsp;Hyeryung Yoon,&nbsp;Hee-Ji Shin,&nbsp;Ji-Young Lee,&nbsp;Nam-Chon Paek,&nbsp;Kiyoon Kang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70469","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salt stress impairs photosynthetic efficiency and consequently reduces the growth, development, and grain yield of crop plants. The formation of hydrophobic barriers in the root endodermis, including the suberin lamellae and Casparian strips, is a key adaptive strategy for salt stress tolerance. In this study, we identified the role of the rice NAC transcription factor, ONAC005, in salt stress tolerance. <i>ONAC005</i> expression was induced by NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA). Expression analysis using the β-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the <i>ONAC005</i> promoter revealed that <i>ONAC005</i> is predominantly expressed in the stele and endodermis of rice roots. The null mutation of <i>ONAC005</i> increased sodium ion levels in the shoots and roots, indicating susceptibility to salt stress, whereas <i>ONAC005</i> overexpression enhanced tolerance to salt stress by reducing sodium ion accumulation. Yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that ONAC005 upregulates the expression of <i>trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 8</i> (<i>OsTPS8</i>) by directly binding to its promoter region, leading to increased trehalose accumulation. <i>ONAC005</i> enhances the formation of the root hydrophobic barrier by upregulating <i>OsTPS8</i> expression under salt stress. Furthermore, considering the altered expression of ABA signaling and responsive genes, ONAC005 regulates the expression of genes in specific stress-responsive pathways that are independent of <i>OsTPS8</i>-mediated signaling. These results indicate that <i>ONAC005</i> positively regulates hydrophobic barrier formation in the roots, thereby enhancing salt stress tolerance in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progestogens and androgens influence root morphology of angiosperms in a brassinosteroid-independent manner","authors":"Karl Ludwig Körber,&nbsp;Sudip Paul,&nbsp;Jana Oklestkova,&nbsp;Emanuel Barth,&nbsp;Felix Feistel,&nbsp;Henk Oppermann,&nbsp;Ceren Oktay,&nbsp;Maja Dorfner,&nbsp;Miroslav Strnad,&nbsp;Jennifer Munkert,&nbsp;Alexandra C. U. Furch,&nbsp;Jan Klein","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Progestogens and androgens are steroids found in a wide range of plants, but little is known about their physiological functions. In this study, we sowed seeds of angiosperms on progestogen- and androgen-containing medium and analysed their morphological effects. We further investigated the effects of progesterone and testosterone on brassinosteroid profiles and gene expression in <i>A. thaliana</i>. Additionally, we examined the effects of progesterone and testosterone on <i>A. thaliana</i> plants overexpressing the steroid 5α-reductase DET2. We found that progestogens and androgens have strong negative effects on root length, especially in <i>Brassicaceae</i> species. In addition, these steroids led to uncoordinated cell growth and increased lateral root formation. We failed to detect an effect on endogenous brassinosteroid levels and gene expression of brassinosteroid-regulated genes. The overexpression of DET2 led to increased root growth, but the effects of progesterone and testosterone were not reduced. We conclude that progestogens and androgens act in a brassinosteroid-independent manner. This suggests that progestogens and androgens could represent a potential new class of plant steroid signalling molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}