The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"Arabidopsis thaliana Oxoprolinase 1 (AtOXP1) maintains glutamate homeostasis, promotes arsenite and mercury tolerance, and reduces accumulation in plants","authors":"Gurpal Singh,&nbsp;Syed Ovais Aftab,&nbsp;Om Parkash Dhankher","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in cellular redox regulation and enhancing plant survival under heavy metal toxicity. In plants, GSH homeostasis is managed through the γ-glutamyl cycle, though the genes involved in GSH degradation and recycling are not fully understood. Here, we have characterized the Arabidopsis <i>oxoprolinase 1</i> (<i>AtOXP1</i>) gene for its role in providing tolerance to arsenite (AsIII) and mercury (Hg) stress. The <i>oxp1</i> T-DNA mutants showed severe sensitivity to Hg, with significantly lower shoot (~40%) and root (~86%) biomass compared with WT. The mutants accumulated ~45% higher arsenic and Hg accumulation in shoots. The <i>oxp1</i> mutants also had elevated GSH (2.3–4.0 folds) and oxoproline (5-OP) levels (96%–265%) compared with Col-0 under control and stress conditions. The mutants showed significantly (15%–78%) lower glutamate levels than Col-0 under metal stress. Conversely, relative to WT, <i>AtOXP1</i> overexpression (OE) lines had significantly higher biomass (18%–43% more) and reduced As (40%) and Hg (19%–35%) accumulation in the shoots. Compared with Col-6, the <i>AtOXP1</i> OE lines had significantly (44%–57%) lower buildup of GSH levels under both AsIII and Hg treatment. Isotopic analysis revealed that the <i>oxp1</i> mutants had 29% higher ¹⁵N-Glu/Total Glu compared to WT, while OE lines were similar to WT. Additionally, OE lines had significantly higher shoot (15%–22%) and root (~77%) biomass under low nitrogen conditions. The results demonstrate that OXP1 is involved in Glu recycling via GSH degradation and holds the potential to improve plant productivity and reduce toxic metal(loid)s accumulation for food safety.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation genomics of a threatened subtropical Rhododendron species highlights the distinct conservation actions required in marginal and admixed populations","authors":"Yuhang Chang,&nbsp;Rengang Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Yuhang Liu,&nbsp;Lidan Tao,&nbsp;Detuan Liu,&nbsp;Yongpeng Ma,&nbsp;Weibang Sun","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities, the underlying threats facing populations with different evolutionary histories and distributions, and the associated conservation strategies necessary to ensure their survival, may vary within a species. This is particularly true for marginal populations and/or those showing admixture. Here, we re-sequence genomes of 102 individuals from 21 locations for <i>Rhododendron vialii</i>, a threatened species distributed in the subtropical forests of southwestern China that has suffered from habitat fragmentation due to deforestation. Population structure results revealed that <i>R</i>. <i>vialii</i> can be divided into five genetic lineages using neutral single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whereas selected SNPs divide the species into six lineages. This is due to the Guigu (GG) population, which is identified as admixed using neutral SNPs, but is assigned to a distinct genetic cluster using non-neutral loci. <i>R</i>. <i>vialii</i> has experienced multiple genetic bottlenecks, and different demographic histories have been suggested among populations. Ecological niche modeling combined with genomic offset analysis suggests that the marginal population (Northeast, NE) harboring the highest genetic diversity is likely to have the highest risk of maladaptation in the future. The marginal population therefore needs urgent <i>ex situ</i> conservation in areas where the influence of future climate change is predicted to be well buffered. Alternatively, the GG population may have the potential for local adaptation, and will need <i>in situ</i> conservation. The Puer population, which carries the heaviest genetic load, needs genetic rescue. Our findings highlight how population genomics, genomic offset analysis, and ecological niche modeling can be integrated to inform targeted conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retromer protein VPS29 plays a crucial and positive role in the sumoylation system mediated by E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1","authors":"Wang Ki Min,&nbsp;Jun Soo Kwak,&nbsp;Dae Hwan Kwon,&nbsp;Sung-Il Kim,&nbsp;Sang Woo Park,&nbsp;Jiyoung Ahn,&nbsp;Soobin Cho,&nbsp;Myung-Jin Kim,&nbsp;Seung Ju Lee,&nbsp;Jong Tae Song,&nbsp;Yonghwan Kim,&nbsp;Hak Soo Seo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vacuolar protein sorting 29 (VPS29) functions in retrograde protein transport as a component of the retromer complex. However, the role of VPS29 in the regulation of post-translational modifications, such as sumoylation and ubiquitination, has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that VPS29 positively regulates SIZ/PIAS-type E3 SUMO (Small ubiquitin-related modifier) ligase-mediated sumoylation systems. In Arabidopsis, <i>vps29-3</i> mutants display upregulated salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species accumulation, similar to those observed in <i>siz1</i> mutants. Arabidopsis VPS29 (AtVPS29) directly interacts with the Arabidopsis E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 (AtSIZ1) and localizes not only to the cytoplasm but also to the nucleus. The loss of AtVPS29 leads to a depletion of AtSIZ1, whereas the E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), an upstream regulator of AtSIZ1, accumulates in <i>vps29-3</i> mutants. Conversely, overexpression of AtVPS29 results in the accumulation of AtSIZ1 and the depletion of COP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis. Similarly, in human cells, silencing of <i>hVPS29</i> leads to the depletion of the E3 SUMO ligase, PIAS1, and the accumulation of huCOP1. Under heat stress conditions, the levels of SUMO-conjugates are significantly lower in Arabidopsis <i>vps29-3</i> mutants, indicating a regulatory role of AtVPS29 on AtSIZ1 activity. Moreover, AtVPS29 inhibits ubiquitination pathway-dependent degradation of AtSIZ1. Notably, AtSIZ1 forms a complex with AtVPS29 and trimeric retromer proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that VPS29 plays an essential role in signal transduction by regulating SIZ/PIAS-type E3 ligase-dependent sumoylation in both plants and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant engineering: advances, bottlenecks, and promise","authors":"Federica Brandizzi,&nbsp;Jenny Mortimer,&nbsp;Katherine Denby","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70117","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Plant genetic engineering has transformed our ability to study gene function and improve crop performance, enabling innovations in agriculture, synthetic biology, and biotechnology. Advances in plant transformation technologies have made it possible to introduce precise genetic modifications that enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, biosynthetic pathways, and reproductive strategies. However, despite remarkable progress, significant bottlenecks remain. The efficiency, scalability, and genotype flexibility of transformation techniques still limit the broad application of gene editing and synthetic biology tools in both model species and agriculturally important crops.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This Special Issue of &lt;i&gt;The Plant Journal&lt;/i&gt; brings together a diverse collection of Focused Reviews (and two technical advance articles) that explore the state of plant transformation technologies, strategies for overcoming current bottlenecks, and emerging opportunities in gene editing, synthetic biology, and alternative plant engineering approaches. The contributions highlighted below illustrate not only how far the field has progressed but also the challenges that still lie ahead in ensuring reliable, cost-effective, and broadly applicable plant engineering strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the most critical aspects of plant engineering is the development of efficient and genotype-independent transformation systems. Traditional methods, such as &lt;i&gt;Agrobacterium&lt;/i&gt;-mediated transformation and biolistic DNA delivery, have long been relied upon, but they often require extensive tissue culture, which is labor-intensive, expensive, and genotype-dependent. Several contributions in this issue address the need for tissue culture-free and minimal tissue culture transformation systems, which have the potential to revolutionize plant biotechnology. For instance, Zhong et al. (2024) provide an in-depth review of high-throughput, tissue culture-free transformation methods. They discuss how &lt;i&gt;in planta&lt;/i&gt; transformation systems, particularly floral dip methods and regeneration-based transformation approaches, are helping to overcome the genotype dependency issue and significantly shorten the transformation timeline. These systems hold great promise for research applications and commercial trait development in crops where transformation has historically been difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Complementing these efforts, Youngstrom et al. (2024) explore how morphogenic regulators and small peptides can unlock plant regeneration potential, further advancing transformation efficiency and flexibility. Their review highlights key regulators such as Babyboom, Wuschel2, and growth-regulating factors, which have dramatically improved transformation success in cereals and other recalcitrant crops. Additionally, they discuss the discovery of the Regeneration Factor 1 peptide, which enhances plant wound-induced regeneration pathways and could provide a universal approach for improving transformation efficiency. Yi","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In planta genome editing in citrus facilitated by co-expression of CRISPR/Cas and developmental regulators","authors":"Gilor Kelly,&nbsp;Elena Plesser,&nbsp;Eyal Bdolach,&nbsp;Maria Arroyave,&nbsp;Eduard Belausov,&nbsp;Adi Doron-Faigenboim,&nbsp;Ada Rozen,&nbsp;Hanita Zemach,&nbsp;Yair Yehoshua Zach,&nbsp;Livnat Goldenberg,&nbsp;Tal Arad,&nbsp;Yossi Yaniv,&nbsp;Nir Sade,&nbsp;Amir Sherman,&nbsp;Yoram Eyal,&nbsp;Nir Carmi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances in the field of genome editing offer a promising avenue for targeted trait improvements in fruit trees. However, the predominant method taken for genome editing in citrus (and other fruit trees) involves the time-consuming tissue culture approach, thereby prolonging the overall citrus breeding process and subjecting it to the drawbacks associated with somaclonal variation. In this study, we introduce an <i>in planta</i> approach for genome editing in soil-grown citrus plants via direct transformation of young seedlings. Our editing system, abbreviated here as IPGEC (<i>in planta</i> genome editing in citrus), is designed to transiently co-express three key gene groups in citrus tissue via <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>: (i) a genome-editing catalytic group, (ii) a shoot induction and regeneration group, and (iii) a T-DNA enhanced delivery group. This integrated system significantly improves <i>de novo</i> shoot induction and regeneration efficiency of edited tissue. By incorporating single-guides RNA's (sgRNA's) targeting the carotenoid biosynthetic gene <i>PHYTOENE DESATURASE</i> (<i>CsPDS</i>), the IPGEC system effectively produced mutated albino shoots, confirming its ability to generate homozygous/biallelic genome-edited plants. By using high throughput screening, we provide evidence that transgene-free genome-edited plants could be obtained following the IPGEC approach. Our findings further suggest that the efficiency of specific developmental regulators in inducing transformation and regeneration rates may be cultivar-specific and therefore needs to be optimized per cultivar. Finally, targeted breeding for specific trait improvements in already successful cultivars is likely to revolutionize fruit tree breeding and will pave the way for accelerating the development of high-quality citrus cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Q-interacted protein QIP3 recruits TaTPL to regulate spike architecture in wheat","authors":"Ziyi Yang,&nbsp;Wanqing Bai,&nbsp;Guanghui Guo,&nbsp;Shuxian Huang,&nbsp;Yufan Wang,&nbsp;Yun Zhou,&nbsp;Yunwei Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Sun","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spike architecture is a critical determinant of grain yield in wheat; yet the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the AP2 transcription factor Q directly represses the expression of <i>TaMYB30-6A</i>, a gene associated with spike length in wheat. We further identify QIP3 as a Q-interacting protein harboring an N-terminal EAR motif. Simultaneously, we reveal that QIP3 exhibits transcriptional repression activity, dependent on the EAR motif, and physically interacts with the transcriptional corepressor TaTPL. Importantly, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-generated <i>qip3-aabbdd</i> mutants exhibit reduced plant height and increased spike length phenotypes. Furthermore, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR assays show that QIP3 negatively regulates the expression of the Q target gene <i>TaMYB30-6A</i> in wheat. Collectively, we propose that the EAR motif-containing QIP3 interacts with Q to regulate spike architecture by recruiting the transcriptional corepressor TaTPL in wheat.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature-responsive DEAR4 condensation confers thermotolerance through recruiting TOPLESS in Arabidopsis nucleus","authors":"Qi Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Gong,&nbsp;Ziqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming is harmful to plants and threatens crop yields in the world. In contrast to other abiotic stresses, the molecular mechanisms for plant high temperature perception and signaling are still not fully understood. Here, we report that transcription factor DREB AND EAR MOTIF PROTEIN 4 (DEAR4) positively regulates heat tolerance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We further reveal that DEAR4 proteins undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and high temperature could induce DEAR4 condensate formation in the nucleus. Moreover, DEAR4 recruits the transcriptional co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL) into the nuclear speckles under high temperature. The high temperature triggered DEAR4-TPL co-condensates enhance their transcriptional repression activity through modulating histone deacetylation levels of <i>GASA5</i>, which is a reported negative regulator of <i>HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs</i> (<i>HSPs</i>). A genome-wide transcriptional landscape study confirms that DEAR4 induces the expression of multiple <i>HSPs</i>. Taken together, we illustrate a transcriptional repression mechanism mediated by DEAR4 through LLPS to confer plants thermotolerance and open a new avenue for translating this knowledge into crops for improving their heat resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific character displacement in oaks","authors":"Min Qi,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Rongle Wang,&nbsp;Yigang Song,&nbsp;Saneyoshi Ueno,&nbsp;Yibo Luo,&nbsp;Fang K. Du","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Character displacement refers to the process by which species diverge more in sympatry due to competition for resources. This competition-driven speciation can also occur within populations, known as intraspecific character displacement (ICD). ICD can promote divergence within species by influencing intraspecific competition or encouraging the evolution of alternative phenotypes. Despite its significance, ICD remains understudied and requires further exploration. In this study, we investigate how competition influences genetic and morphological differentiation within species in sympatric and allopatric populations. We focused on <i>Quercus serrata</i> (in China and Japan) and <i>Q. serrata</i> var. <i>brevipetiolata</i> (found only in China), which belong to a small monophyletic group of oak species nested within Section <i>Quercus</i> (white oaks). Using genetic markers, we detected divergence between Chinese and Japanese populations and further diversification within China, with asymmetric historical gene flow primarily from <i>Q. serrata</i> (the earlier diverged species) to <i>Q. serrata</i> var. <i>brevipetiolata</i> (the later variety). Although genetic differentiation did not differ between sympatric and allopatric populations, leaf morphological variation, analyzed through the geometric morphometric method (GMM) and traditional morphological method, revealed greater trait variation in sympatry. In addition, we found an allometric growth relationship between leaf size and leaf mass of <i>Q. serrata</i> and <i>Q. serrata</i> var. <i>brevipetiolata</i>, with the leaf area of <i>Q. serrata</i> var. <i>brevipetiolata</i> decreasing more disproportionately to leaf mass. This suggests a resource trade-off, where <i>Q. serrata</i> var<i>. brevipetiolata</i>, the later diverged variety, adopts more resource-conservative traits in sympatry. Further analysis of trait variation with environmental factors supports these findings, while genetic variation along climate gradients showed significant responses primarily in <i>Q. serrata</i>, regardless of sympatric or allopatric conditions. Although neutral genetic markers are insufficient to capture selection-driven adaptive differentiation, we inferred that <i>Q. serrata</i> var<i>. brevipetiolata</i> is progressing towards ecological divergence from <i>Q. serrata.</i> Overall, our results highlight the role of ICD in driving morphological diversification and resource-use strategies within species in response to competitive pressures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome diversity and evolution of the duckweed section Alatae comprising diploids, polyploids, and interspecific hybrids","authors":"Anton Stepanenko,&nbsp;Luca Braglia,&nbsp;Jörg Fuchs,&nbsp;Veit Schubert,&nbsp;Phuong T. N. Hoang,&nbsp;Yuri Lee,&nbsp;Guimin Chen,&nbsp;Silvia Gianì,&nbsp;Laura Morello,&nbsp;Ingo Schubert","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The section <i>Alatae</i> of genus <i>Lemna</i> of the monocotyledonous aquatic duckweed family (Lemnaceae) consists of rather diverse accessions with unknown phylogeny and unclear taxonomic assignment. In contrast to other duckweeds, some <i>Alatae</i> accessions, in addition to mainly vegetative propagation, produce readily flowers and viable seeds. We analyzed the genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 52 <i>Alatae</i> accessions. For this purpose, we applied multiple molecular and cytogenetic approaches, including plastid and nuclear sequence polymorphisms, chromosome counting, genome size determination, and genomic <i>in situ</i> hybridization in combination with geographic distribution. We uncovered ploidy variation, recurrent hybridization, and backcrosses between species and their hybrids. The latter successfully spread over three continents. The results elucidate the evolution of <i>Alatae</i> accessions and explain the difficult taxonomic assignment of distinct accessions. Our study might be an example for analogous studies to resolve the hitherto unclear relationships among accessions of the duckweed genera <i>Wolffiella</i> and <i>Wolffia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic plant–bacterial–fungal interaction orchestrates ethylene and auxin signaling for optimized plant growth","authors":"Anamika Rawat,&nbsp;Baoda Han,&nbsp;Niketan Patel,&nbsp;Hanaa Allehaibi,&nbsp;Alexandre Soares Rosado,&nbsp;Heribert Hirt","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complex and mutual interactions between plants and their associated microbiota are key for plant survival and fitness. From the myriad of microbes that exist in the soil, plants dynamically engineer their surrounding microbiome in response to varying environmental and nutrient conditions. The notion that the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community acts in harmony with plants is widely acknowledged, yet little is known about how these microorganisms interact with each other and their host plants. Here, we explored the interaction of two well-studied plant beneficial endophytes, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. SA187 and the fungus <i>Serendipita indica</i>. We show that these microbes show inhibitory growth <i>in vitro</i> but act in a mutually positive manner in the presence of Arabidopsis as a plant host. Although both microbes can promote plant salinity tolerance, plant resilience is enhanced in the ternary interaction, revealing that the host plant has the ability to positively orchestrate the interactions between microbes to everyone's benefit. In conclusion, this study advances our understanding of plant–microbiome interaction beyond individual plant–microbe relationships, unveiling a new layer of complexity in how plants manage microbial communities for optimal growth and stress resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}