The Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"Knockdown of β-conglycinin α′ and α subunits alters seed protein composition and improves salt tolerance in soybean","authors":"Rufei Yang,&nbsp;Yujie Ma,&nbsp;Zhongyi Yang,&nbsp;Yixiang Pu,&nbsp;Mengyu Liu,&nbsp;Jingyi Du,&nbsp;Zhiri Xu,&nbsp;Zefei Xu,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhang,&nbsp;Hengyou Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Deyue Yu,&nbsp;Guizhen Kan","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soybean is an important plant source of protein worldwide. Increasing demands for soybean can be met by improving the quality of its seed protein. In this study, <i>GmCG-1</i>, which encodes the β-conglycinin α′ subunit, was identified via combined genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis. We subsequently knocked down <i>GmCG-1</i> and its paralogues <i>GmCG-2</i> and <i>GmCG-3</i> with CRISPR-Cas9 technology and generated two stable multigene knockdown mutants. As a result, the β-conglycinin content decreased, whereas the 11S/7S ratio, total protein content and sulfur-containing amino acid content significantly increased. Surprisingly, the globulin mutant exhibited salt tolerance in both the germination and seedling stages. Little is known about the relationship between seed protein composition and the salt stress response in soybean. Metabonomics and RNA-seq analysis indicated that compared with the WT, the mutant was formed through a pathway that was more similar to that of active salicylic acid biosynthesis; however, the synthesis of cytokinin exhibited greater defects, which could lead to increased expression of plant dehydrin-related salt tolerance proteins and cell membrane ion transporters. Population evolution analysis suggested that <i>GmCG-1</i>, <i>GmCG-2</i>, and <i>GmCG-3</i> were selected during soybean domestication. The soybean accessions harboring <i>GmCG-1</i>^<i>Hap1</i> presented relatively high 11S/7S ratios and relatively high salt tolerance. In conclusion, knockdown of the β-conglycinin α and α′ subunits can improve the nutritional quality of soybean seeds and increase the salt tolerance of soybean plants, providing a strategy for designing soybean varieties with high nutritional value and high salt tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1488-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RICE LONG GRAIN 3 delays dark-induced senescence by downregulating abscisic acid signaling and upregulating reactive oxygen species scavenging activity","authors":"Chaemyeong Lim,&nbsp;Kiyoon Kang,&nbsp;Jisun Lim,&nbsp;Haeun Lee,&nbsp;Sung-Hwan Cho,&nbsp;Nam-Chon Paek","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaf senescence is a complex developmental process influenced by abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which increase during senescence. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence can provide insights into enhancing crop yield and stress tolerance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) <i>LONG GRAIN 3</i> (<i>OsLG3</i>), an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor, in orchestrating dark-induced leaf senescence. The transcript levels of <i>OsLG3</i> gradually increased during dark-induced and natural senescence. Transgenic plants overexpressing <i>OsLG3</i> exhibited delayed senescence, whereas CRISPR/Cas9-mediated <i>oslg3</i> mutants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence. <i>OsLG3</i> overexpression suppressed senescence-induced ABA signaling by downregulating <i>OsABF4</i> (an ABA-signaling-related gene) and reduced ROS accumulation by enhancing catalase activity through upregulation of <i>OsCATC. In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> binding assays demonstrated that OsLG3 downregulated <i>OsABF4</i> and upregulated <i>OsCATC</i> by binding directly to their promoter regions. These results demonstrate the critical role of <i>OsLG3</i> in fine-tuning leaf senescence progression by suppressing ABA-mediated signaling while simultaneously activating ROS-scavenging mechanisms. These findings suggest that OsLG3 could be targeted to enhance crop resilience and longevity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1474-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARR1 and ARR12 modulate arsenite toxicity responses in Arabidopsis roots by transcriptionally controlling the actions of NIP1;1 and NIP6;1","authors":"Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Liu,&nbsp;Mostafa Abdelrahman,&nbsp;Qianqian Song,&nbsp;Fei Wu,&nbsp;Ruishan Li,&nbsp;Min Wu,&nbsp;Luis Herrera-Estrella,&nbsp;Lam-Son Phan Tran,&nbsp;Jin Xu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cytokinin is central to coordinating plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Here, we first demonstrated the involvement of cytokinin in <i>Arabidopsis</i> responses to arsenite [As(III)] stress. As(III) treatment reduced cytokinin contents, while cytokinin treatment repressed further primary root growth in <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants under As(III) stress. Subsequently, we revealed that the cytokinin signaling members ARR1 and ARR12, the type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs, participate in cytokinin signaling-mediated As(III) responses in plants as negative regulators. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the <i>arr1</i> and <i>arr12</i> single and <i>arr1,12</i> double mutants was then performed to decipher the cytokinin signaling-mediated mechanisms underlying plant As(III) stress adaptation. Results revealed important roles for ARR1 and ARR12 in ion transport, nutrient responses, and secondary metabolite accumulation. Furthermore, using hierarchical clustering and regulatory network analyses, we identified two NODULIN 26-LIKE INTRINSIC PROTEIN (NIP)-encoding genes, <i>NIP1;1</i> and <i>NIP6;1</i>, potentially involved in ARR1/12-mediated As(III) uptake and transport in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. By analyzing various combinations of <i>arr</i> and <i>nip</i> mutants, including high-order triple and quadruple mutants, we demonstrated that ARR1 and ARR12 redundantly function as negative regulators of As(III) tolerance by acting upstream of <i>NIP1;1</i> and <i>NIP6;1</i> to modulate their function in arsenic accumulation. ChIP–qPCR, EMSA, and transient dual-LUC reporter assays revealed that ARR1 and ARR12 transcriptionally activate the expression of <i>NIP1;1</i> and <i>NIP6;1</i> by directly binding to their promoters and upregulating their expression, leading to increased arsenic accumulation under As(III) stress. These findings collectively provide insights into cytokinin signaling-mediated plant adaptation to excessive As(III), contributing to the development of crops with low arsenic accumulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1536-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary comparison of lncRNAs in four cotton species and functional identification of LncR4682-PAS2-KCS19 module in fiber elongation","authors":"Hushuai Nie,&nbsp;Nan Zhao,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Kaiyun Jiang,&nbsp;Huijing Li,&nbsp;Jingrou Zhang,&nbsp;Anhui Guo,&nbsp;Jinping Hua","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in various biological processes in plants. However, there have been few reports on the evolutionary signatures of lncRNAs in closely related cotton species. The lncRNA transcription patterns in two tetraploid cotton species and their putative diploid ancestors were compared in this paper. By performing deep RNA sequencing, we identified 280 429 lncRNAs from 21 tissues in four cotton species. lncRNA transcription evolves more rapidly than mRNAs, and exhibits more severe turnover phenomenon in diploid species compared to that in tetraploid species. Evolutionarily conserved lncRNAs exhibit higher expression levels, and lower tissue specificity compared with species-specific lncRNAs. Remarkably, tissue expression of homologous lncRNAs in <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> and <i>G. barbadense</i> exhibited similar patterns, suggesting that these lncRNAs may be functionally conserved and selectively maintained during domestication. An orthologous lncRNA, <i>lncR4682</i>, was identified and validated in fibers of <i>G. hirsutum</i> and <i>G. barbadense</i> with the highest conservatism and expression abundance. Through virus-induced gene silencing in upland cotton, we found that <i>lncR4682</i> and its target genes <i>GHPAS2</i> and <i>GHKCS19</i> positively regulated fiber elongation. In summary, the present study provides a systematic analysis of lncRNAs in four closely related cotton species, extending the understanding of transcriptional conservation of lncRNAs across cotton species. In addition, <i>LncR4682-PAS2-KCS19</i> contributes to cotton fiber elongation by participating in the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1421-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T2T genomes of carrot and Alternaria dauci and their utility for understanding host–pathogen interactions during carrot leaf blight disease","authors":"Wenwen Liu,&nbsp;Shiyao Xu,&nbsp;Chenggang Ou,&nbsp;Xing Liu,&nbsp;Feiyun Zhuang,&nbsp;Xing Wang Deng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>) is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetable crops worldwide. However, significant yield losses occur every year due to leaf blight, a disease caused by a fungal pathogen (<i>Alternaria dauci</i>). Past research on resistance to leaf blight disease in carrots has been slow because of the low-quality genome assemblies of both carrot and the pathogen. Here, we report the greatly improved assemblies and annotations of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genomes of carrot DH13M14 (451.04 Mb) and <i>A. dauci</i> A2016 (34.91 Mb). Compared with the previous carrot genome versions, our assembly featured notable improvements in genome size, continuity, and completeness of centromeres and telomeres. In addition, we generated a time course transcriptomic atlas during the infection of carrots by <i>A. dauci</i> and captured their dynamic gene expression reprogramming during the interaction process. During infection, <i>A. dauci</i> genes encoding effectors and enzymes responsible for the degradation of plant cell wall components, e.g., cellulose and pectin, were identified, which appeared to increase pathogenic ability through upregulation. In carrot, the coordinated gene expression of components of pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI and ETI) in response to <i>A. dauci</i> attack was characterized. The biosynthesis or signal transduction of plant hormones, including JA, SA, and ethylene, was also involved in the carrot response to <i>A. dauci.</i> This work provides a foundation for understanding <i>A. dauci</i> pathogenic progression and carrot defense mechanisms to improve carrot resistance to leaf blight disease. The Carrot Database (CDB) developed also provides a useful resource for the carrot community.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1643-1661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary origin and functional investigation of the widely conserved plant PEBP gene STEPMOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (SMFT)","authors":"Francesca Bellinazzo,&nbsp;Judit Nadal Bigas,&nbsp;Rensco A. H. Hogers,&nbsp;Jan Kodde,&nbsp;Froukje van der Wal,&nbsp;Pinelopi Kokkinopoulou,&nbsp;Kilian T. M. Duijts,&nbsp;Gerco C. Angenent,&nbsp;Aalt D. J. van Dijk,&nbsp;Robin van Velzen,&nbsp;Richard G. H. Immink","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genes of the family <i>PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE-BINDING PROTEINS</i> (<i>PEBP</i>) have been intensely studied in plants for their role in cell (re)programming and meristem differentiation. Recently, sporadic reports of the presence of a new type of <i>PEBP</i> in plants became available, highly similar to the <i>YY</i>-<i>PEBPs</i> of prokaryotes. A comprehensive investigation of their spread, origin, and function revealed conservation across the plant kingdom. The YY-PEBP clade in plants seems to have resulted from a single Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) episode from a prokaryotic organism to an ancestral streptophyte. <i>YY-PEBPs</i> are also present in other eukaryotes, such as certain fungi, diatoms, and rotifers, and these cases derive from independent HGT events. Reciprocally, the occurrence of the eukaryotic CETS/RKIP type PEBPs (CR-PEBPs) was noticed in bacteria of the genus <i>Nocardia</i>, showing that HGT has occurred as well from eukaryotes to prokaryotes. Based on these observations, we propose that the current model of the <i>PEBP</i> family in plants needs to be updated with the clade <i>STEPMOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (SMFT)</i>. <i>SMFT</i> genes not only share high sequence conservation but also show specific expression in homologous plant structures that serve as propagules. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis <i>smft</i> mutant lines pointed to a function for this gene in regulating seed germination, both concerning primary dormancy release and in response to adverse high-temperature conditions. Overall, our study reveals an increasing complexity in the evolutionary history of the <i>PEBP</i> gene family, unlocking new potential in understanding the evolution and functional spectrum of these important key regulatory genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1410-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.17057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf abaxial and adaxial surfaces differentially affect the interaction of Botrytis cinerea across several eudicots","authors":"Celine Caseys,&nbsp;Anna Jo Muhich,&nbsp;Josue Vega,&nbsp;Maha Ahmed,&nbsp;Aleshia Hopper,&nbsp;David Kelly,&nbsp;Sydney Kim,&nbsp;Matisse Madrone,&nbsp;Taylor Plaziak,&nbsp;Melissa Wang,&nbsp;Daniel J. Kliebenstein","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eudicot plant species have leaves with two surfaces: the lower abaxial and the upper adaxial surface. Each surface varies in a diversity of components and molecular signals, resulting in potentially different degrees of resistance to pathogens. We tested how <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, a necrotroph fungal pathogen, interacts with the two different leaf surfaces across 16 crop species and 20 Arabidopsis genotypes. This showed that the abaxial surface is generally more susceptible to the pathogen than the adaxial surface. In Arabidopsis, the differential lesion area between leaf surfaces was associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling and differential induction of defense chemistry across the two surfaces. When infecting the adaxial surface, leaves mounted stronger defenses by producing more glucosinolates and camalexin defense compounds, partially explaining the differential susceptibility across surfaces. Testing a collection of 96 <i>B. cinerea</i> strains showed the genetic heterogeneity of growth patterns, with a few strains preferring the adaxial surface while most are more virulent on the abaxial surface. Overall, we show that leaf–Botrytis interactions are complex with host-specific, surface-specific, and strain-specific patterns.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1377-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural variation at the cotton HIC locus increases trichome density and enhances resistance to aphids","authors":"Yanan Wang,&nbsp;Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Jilong Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyan He,&nbsp;Zhigang Meng,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Sandui Guo,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Chengzhen Liang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant trichomes are an excellent model for studying cell differentiation and development, providing crucial defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. There is a well-established inverse relationship between trichome density and aphid prevalence, indicating that higher trichome density leads to reduced aphid infestations. Here we present the cloning and characterization of a dominant quantitative trait locus, <i>HIC</i> (<i>hirsute cotton</i>), which significantly enhances cotton trichome density. This enhancement leads to markedly improved resistance against cotton aphids. The <i>HIC</i> encodes an HD-ZIP IV transcriptional activator, crucial for trichome initiation. Overexpression of <i>HIC</i> leads to a substantial increase in trichome density, while knockdown of <i>HIC</i> results in a marked decrease in density, confirming its role in trichome regulation. We identified a variant in the <i>HIC</i> promoter (−810 bp A to C) that increases transcription of <i>HIC</i> and trichome density in <i>hirsute cotton</i> compared with <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> cultivars with fewer or no trichomes. Interestingly, although the −810 variant in the <i>HIC</i> promoter is the same in <i>G. barbadense</i> and <i>hirsute cotton</i>, the presence of a copia-like retrotransposon insertion in the coding region of <i>HIC</i> in <i>G. barbadense</i> causes premature transcription termination. Further analysis revealed that HIC positively regulates trichome density by directly targeting the <i>EXPANSIN A2</i> gene, which is involved in cell wall development. Taken together, our results underscore the pivotal function of HIC as a primary regulator during the initial phases of trichome formation, and its prospective utility in enhancing aphid resistance in superior cotton cultivars via selective breeding.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1304-1316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incomplete filling in the basal region of maize endosperm: timing of development of starch synthesis and cell vitality","authors":"Xian-Min Chen,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Gui Liang,&nbsp;Feng-Yuan Li,&nbsp;Bin-Bin Li,&nbsp;Gong Wu,&nbsp;Fei Yi,&nbsp;Tim L. Setter,&nbsp;Si Shen,&nbsp;Shun-Li Zhou","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Starch synthesis in maize endosperm adheres to the basipetal sequence from the apex downwards. However, the mechanism underlying nonuniformity among regions of the endosperm in starch accumulation and its significance is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal transcriptomes and starch accumulation dynamics in apical (AE), middle (ME), and basal (BE) regions of endosperm throughout the filling stage. Results demonstrated that the BE had lower levels of gene transcripts and enzymes facilitating starch synthesis, corresponding to incomplete starch storage at maturity, compared with AE and ME. Contrarily, the BE showed abundant gene expression for genetic processing and slow progress in physiological development (quantified by an index calculated from the expression values of development progress marker genes), revealing a sustained cell vitality of the BE. Further analysis demonstrated a significant parabolic correlation between starch synthesis and physiological development. An in-depth examination showed that the BE had more active signaling pathways of IAA and ABA than the AE throughout the filling stage, while ethylene showed the opposite pattern. Besides, SNF1-related protein kinase1 (SnRK1) activity, a regulator for starch synthesis modulated by trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) signaling, was kept at a lower level in the BE than the AE and ME, corresponding to the distinct gene expression in the T6P pathway in starch synthesis regulation. Collectively, the findings support an improved understanding of the timing of starch synthesis and cell vitality in regions of the endosperm during development, and potential regulation from hormone signaling and T6P/SnRK1 signaling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 3","pages":"1142-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterisation of BnaA02.TOP1α and BnaC02.TOP1α involved in true leaf biomass accumulation in Brassica napus L.","authors":"Danshuai Peng,&nbsp;Yuan Guo,&nbsp;Huan Hu,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Shuangcheng He,&nbsp;Chenhao Gao,&nbsp;Zijin Liu,&nbsp;Mingxun Chen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.17054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaves, as primary photosynthetic organs essential for high crop yield and quality, have attracted significant attention. The functions of DNA topoisomerase 1α (TOP1α) in various biological processes, including leaf development, in <i>Brassica napus</i> remain unknown. Here, four paralogs of <i>BnaTOP1α</i>, namely <i>BnaA01.TOP1α</i>, <i>BnaA02.TOP1α</i>, <i>BnaC01.TOP1α</i> and <i>BnaC02.TOP1α</i>, were identified and cloned in the <i>B. napus</i> inbred line ‘K407’. Expression pattern analysis revealed that <i>BnaA02.TOP1α</i> and <i>BnaC02.TOP1α</i>, but not <i>BnaA01.TOP1α</i> and <i>BnaC01.TOP1α</i>, were persistently and highly expressed in <i>B. napus</i> true leaves. Preliminary analysis in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> revealed that <i>BnaA02.TOP1α</i> and <i>BnaC02.TOP1α</i> paralogs, but not <i>BnaA01.TOP1α</i> and <i>BnaC01.TOP1α</i>, performed biological functions. Targeted mutations of four <i>BnaTOP1α</i> paralogs in <i>B. napus</i> using the CRISPR-Cas9 system revealed that BnaA02.TOP1α and BnaC02.TOP1α served as functional paralogs and redundantly promoted true leaf number and size, thereby promoting true leaf biomass accumulation. Moreover, BnaA02.TOP1α modulated the levels of endogenous gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins by indirectly regulating several genes related to their metabolism processes. BnaA02.TOP1α directly activated <i>BnaA03.CCS52A2</i> and <i>BnaC09.AN3</i> by facilitating the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and modulating H3K27me3, H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 levels at these loci and indirectly activated the <i>BnaA08.PARL1</i> expression, thereby positively controlling the true leaf size in <i>B. napus</i>. Additionally, BnaA02.TOP1α indirectly activated the <i>BnaA07.PIN1</i> expression to positively regulate the true leaf number. These results reveal the important functions of BnaTOP1α and provide insights into the regulatory network controlling true leaf biomass accumulation in <i>B. napus</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"120 4","pages":"1358-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}