Plant, Cell & Environment最新文献

{"title":"A HECT-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TaUPL21 Promotes Root Development in Caucasian Clover by Directly Activating Transcription of TaAGL29.","authors":"Jingwen Jiang, Zicheng Wang, Minghao Yang, Xi Long, Yuchen Wu, Xu Yan, Dingyu Jiang, Wanting Nie, Siwen Zhao, Yuhang Bai, Xiujie Yin","doi":"10.1111/pce.70468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a valuable perennial legume with a robust root system. HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (UPLs) are known regulators of plant growth, but their functions in root development, particularly in forage legumes, remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified 32 TaUPL genes in Caucasian clover and found that TaUPL21 is highly expressed in rhizome buds. Overexpression of TaUPL21 significantly enhanced root growth, including increases in root length, volume, and tip number. Strikingly, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) revealed an unexpected DNA-binding capacity of TaUPL21. We further identified the MADS-box transcription factor TaAGL29 as a direct downstream target. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase (d-Luc) assays confirmed that TaUPL21 directly binds to the promoter of TaAGL29 and functions as a transcriptional activator. Our results unveil a novel, non-canonical function for a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase, providing fresh insights into the functional versatility of E3 ubiquitin ligases and present a valuable genetic resource for improving root architecture in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3340-3350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"F-Box Protein-Mediated Proteolytic Regulation of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.","authors":"Guoqian Yang, Chang-Jun Liu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein ubiquitination is a central regulatory mechanism governing plant growth, development and environmental adaptation. Ubiquitylomic studies have revealed that many enzymes in phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways are subject to ubiquitination. Increasing evidence indicates that specific F-box proteins target key enzymes in these pathways, including PAL, CCR, CAD, COMT and peroxidases in the lignin biosynthetic branch, and CHS in the flavonoid biosynthetic branch, thereby promoting their ubiquitination and selective degradation. These F-box proteins act in response to diverse developmental and environmental cues, including cellular carbon status, light quality and intensity, and biotic stresses (e.g., pathogen and insect attack). By regulating the stability and activity of both enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, F-box proteins modulate the accumulation of simple phenolics and lignin polymers, ultimately contributing to plant resilience. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of F-box proteins involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and their regulatory roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and identifies key knowledge gaps that limit mechanistic understanding of F-box protein-mediated proteolytic regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Insights into ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic control of phenylpropanoid metabolism offer promising avenues for enhancing bioactive phenolic production, advancing biofuel feedstock engineering and improving crop stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3022-3038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boreal Forest Sensitivity to Temperature Is Jointly Regulated by Ecosystem Productivity and Seasonality: A Synthesis Based on Carbon Fluxes From FLUXNET Sites.","authors":"Yanxing He, Yichen Gao, Jinzhong Xu, Bin Zhang, Yaxian Chen, Ying Wang, Shuaihao Mo, Peidan Xu, Xiaohua Ren, Feng Xu, Jinshi Jian, Xinhao Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boreal forests are experiencing rapid global warming, which may amplify the impact of temperature on their carbon sink function. However, the factors influencing the sensitivity of the carbon balance to temperature in boreal forests are still not well understood, especially over short timescales. Leveraging the FLUXNET dataset, we calculated the sensitivities of carbon fluxes to temperature anomalies (T_s) across boreal forest (24 sites) on the seasonal scale. Here, a positive T_s value indicates that the carbon flux increases with temperature anomaly, while a negative value suggests the opposite. Results showed that T_s of NEP in early spring was positive for evergreen needleleaf forests but negative for deciduous broadleaved forests. Although T_s of gross ecosystem production (GEP) remained positive, it tended to decrease with increasing temperature and vapour pressure deficit in spring and summer. Associated with this decrease were relatively small changes in T_s of ecosystem respiration (R_e), so that T_s of NEP decreased with increasing temperature and vapour pressure deficit in spring and summer. Both T_s of GEP and R_e increased with ecosystem productivity (represented by annual GEP) in spring, with T_s of GEP being more sensitive, indicating that carbon sinks in sites with lower productivity tended to negatively respond to higher temperature. Young-aged and low-nutrient forests tended to respond negatively to increasing temperatures. Ecosystem productivity and seasonality played an essential role in regulating T_s of NEP. Our results suggest that significant declines in ecosystem productivity may exacerbate the negative response of NEP to elevated temperatures, further compromising carbon sequestration in boreal forests. This understanding is vital both for improving the predictive accuracy of carbon-climate models and for formulating targeted strategies to bolster resilience in the most vulnerable boreal ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3381-3393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhamnogalacturonan-II Dimerisation Reinforces Salt Resistance in Sugar Beet.","authors":"Shah Newaz Chowdhury, Lukas Pfeifer, Kim-Kristine Mueller, Sazzad Hossain, Birgit Classen, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1111/pce.70457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity stress predominantly affects negatively charged cell wall polymers, for example, pectin. Excess Na⁺ ions interact physically and affect growth in stress-sensitive plants. However, the salinity resistance of sugar beet cell walls remains unclear. To get a better understanding of cell wall assembly, we investigated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), extensins and pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I and rhamnogalacturonan-II), in relation to underlying physiological mechanisms and growth expansion with low and adequate boron (B) under salinity. Findings revealed that salt stress affects AGPs and reduces cross-linking of RG-II, resulting in the softening of the sugar beet plant's cell wall. Adequate B compensates for plant growth by improving water flow into the cell, as indicated by the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. In particular, the higher reduction of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio in the young leaves and apoplastic fluids and higher RG-I content and dimeric RG-II pectin (a key component of cell wall integrity) offered by adequate B, hint at protection against cell wall defects. However, no influence of B was detected for AGPs and extensins. This suggests that adequate B rescues cell wall integrity, thereby conferring strengthening and acid growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3082-3100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146224684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxic and Fe-Responses are Regulated by the ERFVII Factors and the PCO Branch of the N-Degron Pathway According to Iron Availability.","authors":"Yuri Telara, Moez Maghrebi, Mikel Lavilla-Puerta, Noemi La Monaca, Giulia Ambrogini, Alessio Sbrana, Sara Delucchi, Pierdomenico Perata, Gianpiero Vigani, Beatrice Giuntoli","doi":"10.1111/pce.70466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In plants, iron homeostasis and oxygen metabolism are strictly related, indeed several Fe-requiring enzymes catalyze reactions that also involve O₂ as a reagent, product, entry or end point of the pathway. Oxygen sensing itself relies on the Fe-dependent enzymes Plant cysteine oxidases. However, the impact of iron deficiencies on the response to hypoxic stresses has not been investigated so far. PCOs channel the ERFVII ethylene-responsive factors into a proteasomal N-degron pathway that connects hypoxia-inducible responses to the stabilization of the ERFVII transcription factors, which act as master regulators of plant hypoxic transcription. Here, we investigated the interplay between low oxygen and Fe-deficiency stresses in A. thaliana. PCO activity in vivo was inferred from the expression of hypoxia marker genes and from the activity of a genetically encoded reporter of ERFVII protein stability. Our results highlight that Fe deprivation can elicit hypoxia-like responses depending on its severity. Moreover, evidence from the pentuple erfVII mutant indicate that the ERFVIIs take part to the responses to chronic Fe-deficiency and fine-tune nutrient content to the shoot of submerged plants growing on moderately Fe-deficient substrates. This work expands the known functions of the ERFVII factors and provides new information to understand plant responses to combined environmental stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3363-3380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Insight Into Jasmonic Acid Signalling Repression by Insect HARP1 Effector.","authors":"Yaguang Zhang, Baoyu He, Tingting Ran, Bo Ouyang, Shaobo Cui, Yanchuan Yang, Wei Yu, Weiwu Wang, Yuguang Mu, Jingjing Guo, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through long-term natural selection, a co-evolutionary relationship has formed between plants and pests. However, pathogens and pests can also undermine plant resistance by releasing certain substances such as effectors. Helicoverpa armigera R-like protein 1 (HARP1), an effector in oral secretions, is capable of interacting with JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) protein. This interaction inhibits the degradation of JAZ and prevents the activation of jasmonic acid (JA) signalling in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which HARP1 interacts with JAZ to suppress JA signalling remains elusive. In this study, we first confirm that the ZIM domain within JAZ is sufficient for the HARP1-JAZ interaction. To gain mechanistic insight, we determined the crystal structure of HARP1 and utilised AlphaFold2 to predict its binding mode with JAZ3. The structure analysis reveals that HARP1 is a β-sandwich fold composed of seven strands, which directly binds to JAZ homo- or hetero-dimers. This binding prevents the degradation of the JAZ repressor, consequently ensuring the repressed JA signalling pathway in the plant. Our structural and functional studies provide new insights into the JA signalling transcriptional repression mechanism by effectors released by pests that suppress JA signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3237-3250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Modulates Iron Distribution and Vacuolar Iron Transporter Expression in Tomato, Whereas Iron Limitation Reduces Mycorrhization.","authors":"Víctor M López-Lorca, Olga López-Castillo, Mª Jesús Molina-Luzón, Nuria Ferrol","doi":"10.1111/pce.70463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have evolved highly efficient strategies to maintain iron (Fe) homeostasis. In this study, we investigate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on the Fe-deficiency response and ionomic profile of tomato plants, as well as how Fe availability affects AM symbiosis. Fe deficiency and AM colonization both reduced shoot Fe concentrations, while root Fe concentrations increased in AM plants. Notably, Fe accumulated in cortical cells colonized by arbuscules. We further show that Fe deficiency reduces expression of AM-related tomato genes (SlEXO84, SlRAM1, SlAMT2.2 and SlPT4) and of the fungal RiEF1α gene. These findings indicate that Fe availability is crucial for sustaining AM colonization and symbiotic functionality. Under Fe-limiting conditions, AM symbiosis enhances the Strategy I Fe acquisition pathway (SlFRO1, SlIRT1), an effect not observed under Fe-sufficient conditions. Four vacuolar transporter genes of the VIT/VTL family were identified in the tomato genome. Yeast complementation assays revealed that SlVIT1, SlVTL1, and SlVTL2 function as dual Fe/Mn transporters, whereas SlVIT2 appears to function as a Mn transporter. The high Fe demand of AM symbiosis is supported by the reduced expression of SlVIT1 and SlVTL1 in mycorrhizal roots. Ionomic analysis shows that AM colonization partially alleviates Fe deficiency-induced nutrient imbalances, highlighting its contribution to improved mineral homeostasis under Fe stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3290-3305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147288983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of qE Does Not Necessarily Lead to Photoinhibition: Sustained Non-Photochemical Quenching in the Absence of PsbS and Zeaxanthin.","authors":"Maximiliano Cainzos, Chen Hu, Maria Dolores Pissolato, Nazeer Fataftah, Sanchali Nanda, Stefan Jansson","doi":"10.1111/pce.70477","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes mediate light absorption and energy dissipation. By modulating the photosystems' absorption cross-section, they affect both photosynthetic activity and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). These processes are often studied by spectrally integrated chlorophyll fluorescence, masking their associated spectral information. We explore in Aspen and Arabidopsis npq mutants how qE affects the development of NPQ spectra under two contrasting conditions: in the absence and the presence of photoinhibition. We introduce a new parameter, the development of new emitting species (NESD), during time- and spectrally resolved NPQ inductions, and develop a pipeline to resolve PSII energy-partitioning heterogeneity. LHCII, PsbS, and zeaxanthin are required for NESD. Combining gas exchange, P700 oxidation, and spectrally resolved kinetics, we show that under photoinhibitory conditions, NES can develop even without PsbS or zeaxanthin, producing sustained quenching independent of photoinhibition of PSII or PSI. Furthermore, the absence of LHCII and CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1 leads to increased photoinhibition, indicating that long-term photoprotection relies on LHCII and thylakoid plasticity, whereas PsbS and zeaxanthin mainly facilitate LHCII-dependent quenching. Finally, we show the limitations of traditional parameters in discriminating between photoinhibition and photoprotective sustained quenching and propose time-resolved monitoring of CO₂ assimilation and Y(II) for their accurate assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3405-3425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DING1 Mediates DCPTA-Enhanced Nodulation in Soybean Symbiosis.","authors":"Rina Wu, Bingjie Niu, Jingjing Yang, Yixue Mu, Shuang Lu, Jinke Guo, Chunhai Mai, Peng Wang, Lixiang Wang, Zhaosheng Kong","doi":"10.1111/pce.70454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3134-3136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146224627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Geminiviral Effector AC4 Suppresses Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Via Upf1 Degradation.","authors":"Shuangqin Bai, Haiyan Wang, Qiuxian Xie, Linyu Liu, Shuxia Li, Wenbin Li, Xiaoling Yu, Yanli Ren, Mengbin Ruan, Xiuchun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA quality control pathways, particularly nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), function as critical antiviral defenses by degrading aberrant viral transcripts. However, how DNA geminiviruses counteract this RNA surveillance system remains largely unknown. Here we report that the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) AC4 protein employs a novel strategy to suppress NMD: it targets the central regulator Upf1 for degradation. In Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana models, we demonstrate that SLCMV AC4 directly binds AtUpf1 via its N-terminal domain and triggers its depletion through the coordinated action of both the autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. AC4 expression stabilized a broad range of endogenous NMD substrates and enhanced the accumulation and pathogenicity of a heterologous virus. Structural and functional analyses revealed that the N-terminal myristoylation motif of AC4 is indispensable for its function. While point mutations within this motif preserved Upf1 binding, they abrogated NMD suppression and Upf1 degradation, indicating the motif's essential role in assembling a functional degradation complex beyond mere interaction. Furthermore, we elucidate that AC4 activates autophagy by competitively disrupting the GAPC2-ATG3 interaction, thereby liberating ATG3 to promote autophagosome formation. Our findings unveil a sophisticated viral counter-defense mechanism in which a pathogen effector orchestrates the spatially coordinated degradation of a key host RNA surveillance factor, bridging the fields of plant-virus interactions, RNA biology, and host proteostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"3189-3203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}