生命科学最新文献

{"title":"The Epigenetic Regulation of Agronomic Traits and Environmental Adaptability in Brassicas.","authors":"Daolei Zhang, Yin Lu, Wei Ma, Jianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1111/pce.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As essential sources of vegetables, oilseeds, and forage, Brassica crops exhibit complex epigenetic regulation mechanisms involving histone modifications, DNA modifications, RNA modifications, noncoding RNAs, and chromatin remodelling. The agronomic traits and environmental adaptability of crops are regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, while epigenetic variation can affect plant phenotypes without changing gene sequences. Furthermore, the impact of epigenetic modifications on plant phenotype has accelerated the crop breeding process. This review highlights the epigenetic mechanisms underlying agronomic and stress-related traits in Brassica crops, while systematically identifying and categorising RNA modification-associated proteins within these species. We further propose an innovative strategy for improving Brassica crops yield through epigenome editing technology. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges for the future application of epigenetics-mediated crop breeding (epibreeding) strategies in Brassica crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-binding proteins orchestrating immunity in plants","authors":"Marcel Bach-Pages,&nbsp;Athira Menon,&nbsp;Brett Wadley,&nbsp;Alfredo Castello,&nbsp;Gail M. Preston","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) direct the function and fate of RNA throughout the RNA lifecycle and play important roles in plant immunity, orchestrating the post-transcriptional reprogramming of the transcriptome following induction of plant immune responses, a process that we term ‘RBP-mediated immunity’. Although the importance of specific RBPs in plant immunity has been known for many years, this field of research is rapidly expanding as new techniques for global profiling of protein–RNA interactions, together with techniques such as ribosomal profiling and metabolic profiling to monitor mRNA translation and turnover and advanced imaging techniques to study RNA and protein structure and localisation, are uncovering new RBPs and providing new insight into the role of RBPs in plant–microbe interactions. Here we discuss the regulatory roles of RBPs during the RNA lifecycle, with a particular focus on post-transcriptional processes and how RBP functions alter plants' immunological profile in response to cellular pathogens, drawing both on studies of specific RBPs and insights from global profiling approaches. Unsurprisingly, given their central role in plant immune responses, RBPs can also be targeted by pathogens and therefore represent one of the plant's Achilles' heels. We therefore also review emerging evidence for RBP-mediated susceptibility in plants. Together, knowledge regarding the regulation, specificity and function of immune-related RBPs can inform plant-breeding programmes to generate crops with increased disease resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic leadership careers are not limited to scientific research.","authors":"Jessica G Borger, Danica Hickey, Jennifer R Habel, Callan Rudd-McMahon, Grant Parnell, Stephen J Turner, Odilia Wijburg, Alexandra R Dvorscek","doi":"10.1111/imcb.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early career researchers (ECRs) are often faced with uncertainty about their professional futures, a challenge exacerbated by the increasing pressures within the academic research landscape. As ECRs navigate their next steps in science, mentorship is crucial, particularly as they face points of decision-making and possible career diversions from the traditional postdoctoral-to-professor pathway. In response to these challenges, the second iteration of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Immunology (ASI) Mentor-Mentee Program aimed to provide mentorship and training to ECRs about academic career pathways in research and education to bridge the professional communities, values and advice of these two often independent career choices. As a component of the program, three eminent Australian immunologists in research-intensive, teaching and research (TnR) and education-focused careers shared their professional journeys and experiences which led to their chosen career pathways in national workshops. Here, we share their insights, lessons learned and professional development tips to establish an academic career. By outlining the three primary scientific academic career pathways available post-PhD, we aim to inform and inspire the next generation of immunologists as they consider the diversity of possible academic careers ahead.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral and organic inclusions in wood and bark of mangroves from the Indian Sundarbans: their linking with taxonomy and phylogeny","authors":"Sreya Roy Parbat,&nbsp;Nadir Sepay,&nbsp;Dipak K. Parua,&nbsp;Subir Bera","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02674-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02674-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mangroves are specialized intertidal plants that rely on mineral and organic inclusions viz., calcium oxalate crystals (CaOx), tannin, latex, gum and starch grains. These inclusions contribute to structural support (e.g., CaOx crystals), herbivore defense (e.g., CaOx crystals, tannin, and latex), wound sealing and desiccation protection (e.g., gum), physiological resilience under high salinity and tidal stress (e.g., starch grains as osmotic regulators). CaOx crystals may not only hold functional and ecological relevance such as internal Ca homeostasis, Ca recycling, oxalate detoxification and internal carbon reservoirs but also reflect taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. However, a comprehensive anatomical characterization of such inclusions in mangroves’ wood and bark remains underexplored, particularly in relation to their systematic and phylogenetic implications. This study is the first to comprehensively document and compare CaOx crystal morphology, frequency, cellular location, dimensions and elemental composition, along with the distribution of organic inclusions (tannin, latex, gum, starch grains) within mature wood and bark of twenty mangrove taxa from the Indian Sundarbans. We correlated observed crystal morphotypes with molecular phylogenetic framework based on rRNA gene sequences of studied mangrove taxa that reveals strong genus-level consistency and taxonomic cohesion. Distinct crystal morphologies with consistent tissue-specific deposition patterns across genera, serving as supplementary markers for genus-level identification in mangrove systematics. Principal Component Analysis of relative crystal morphotype frequencies supported genus-level clustering of species, indicating taxonomic cohesion of taxa having similar crystal profiles, which is consistent with high intragenic rRNA gene sequence similarity indices, suggesting phylogenetic conservation in crystal traits within each genus. These findings link anatomical data (calcium oxalate crystal traits) and molecular phylogeny of mangroves, offering new insights into mangrove taxonomy, phylogeny and adaptive biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sucrose-Induced Transcription Factor IjSUSIBA2 Fine-Tunes Growth Transition Through the IjSVL2-IjFLCL1 Module in Evergreen Irises.","authors":"Lingmei Shao, Tong Xu, Xiaobin Wang, Xiaoxuan Chen, Runlong Zhang, Ziming Ren, Yun Wu, Qinsong Yang, Cheng Luo, Jiaping Zhang, David P Horvath, Yiping Xia, Danqing Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugar metabolism is commonly implicated as crucial in the transition between growth and cessation during winter; however, its exact role remains elusive. The evergreen iris (Iris japonica) ceases growth in winter without entering endodormancy, yet it continues to sustain sugar metabolism and transport throughout the season. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the sugar-mediated growth transition-the shift between growth and cessation-in I. japonica through integrative physiological and transcriptional analyses. We investigated the function and transcriptional regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C-LIKE 1 (IjFLCL1) and demonstrated that IjFLCL1 promotes growth resumption. Additionally, ALPHA-AMYLASE-LIKE 3 (IjAMY3), a starch degradation gene downstream of IjFLCL1, inhibits growth in I. japonica, potentially by modulating endogenous starch granule dynamics. Moreover, sugar-induced transcription factor SUGAR SIGNALING IN BARLEY 2 (IjSUSIBA2) activates IjFLCL1 expression. Conversely, IjSUSIBA2 directly represses the well-known dormancy mediator SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE 2 (IjSVL2), which in turn inhibits IjFLCL1 expression. IjSUSIBA2 may be induced by both exogenous and endogenous sugar signals, subsequently regulating downstream genes. Overall, our results suggest sugar molecules might serve as both signals and energy to regulate growth transition through IjFLCL1-mediated novel pathways. These insights carry valuable implications for the cultivation and breeding of perennials to withstand the challenges posed by climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Response Mechanisms of Selenium (Se) and Boron (B) Under Lead (Pb) Stress in Tobacco.","authors":"Lingling Jin, Qian Qiao, Long Yang, Yun Gao","doi":"10.1111/pce.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium and boron can alleviate lead (Pb) toxicity in plants, but their stress resistance mechanisms in tobacco remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Se/B application on lead-induced oxidative stress, subcellular distribution, cell wall properties, and Pb accumulation. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics data was conducted. Under Pb stress, the combined application of exogenous addition of Se, B and Se + B to a hydroponic system led to an increase in leaf biomass, promoted photosynthesis, increased antioxidant enzyme activity in tobacco, and significantly reduced the accumulation of Pb in the shoots of tobacco by downregulating the gene expression of the ABC transporter and upregulating the expression of aquaporin (AQP). Additionally, the application of Se and B increased the activity of the phenylpropanoid and glutathione metabolism pathways, promoting the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as coumarin, chlorogenic acid, ferulaldehyde, and (5-l-glutamyl)-l-amino acids. This, in turn, increased the tolerance of tobacco plants to Pb stress. Overall, our research findings provide new theoretical evidence regarding the roles of Se and B in alleviating Pb accumulation and offer potential strategies for the use of Se and B in the remediation of Pb-contaminated soils in agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome imbalance modulates the expression of long non-coding RNAs in maize","authors":"Wenjie Yue,&nbsp;Chuang Yu,&nbsp;Hua Yang,&nbsp;Shiqi Lin,&nbsp;Shuyi Liu,&nbsp;James A. Birchler,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genome imbalance, resulting from varying the dosage of individual chromosomes (aneuploidy), has a more detrimental effect than changes in complete sets of chromosomes (haploidy/polyploidy). This imbalance is likely due to disruptions in stoichiometry and interactions among macromolecular assemblies. Previous research has shown that aneuploidy causes global modulation of protein-coding genes (PCGs), microRNAs, and transposable elements (TEs), affecting both the varied chromosome (<i>cis</i>-located) and unvaried genome regions (<i>trans</i>-located) across various taxa. While long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important gene expression regulators, their roles in the context of genomic imbalance remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed and compared the impact of aneuploidy and haploidy/polyploidy on lncRNA expression using RNA-seq data from maize mature leaf tissue. Our results indicate that <i>cis</i>-located lncRNAs are modulated from dosage compensation to a gene dosage effect, while <i>trans</i>-located lncRNAs exhibit trends ranging from an inverse effect to a positive correlation with chromosomal dosage. Remarkably, the ploidy series showed a lesser degree of lncRNA modulation. LncRNAs and TEs display a similar trend of inverse modulation but exhibit greater sensitivity to dosage changes compared to PCGs. The construction of <i>cis</i>-acting and <i>trans</i>-acting lncRNA co-expression networks indicates that lncRNAs likely function as dosage-sensitive regulators of gene expression under conditions of genomic imbalance. Overall, this study not only elucidates the dosage effect of plant lncRNAs but also serves as a valuable resource for exploring potential regulators of PCGs that play significant biological functions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic resequencing unravels species differentiation and polyploid origins in the aquatic plant genus Trapa","authors":"Xiangrong Fan,&nbsp;Minghao Qu,&nbsp;Nancy Rybicki,&nbsp;Lynde L. Dodd,&nbsp;Jie Min,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen,&nbsp;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Trapa</i> L. is a non-cereal aquatic crop with significant economic and ecological value. However, debates over its classification have caused uncertainties in species differentiation and the mechanisms of polyploid speciation. This study employed whole-genome resequencing together with the fruit morphology of 229 <i>Trapa</i> accessions (153 Asian and 76 North American samples) to elucidate species differentiation and polyploidization events in <i>Trapa</i>. For the species with AA genome and large fruits, clear genetic differentiation was found between two clades with different geographic origins, that is, from the Yangtze River and Amur River basins. The invasive AA species in North America (<i>T. natans</i>) was identified as originating from the Amur River based on genetic and morphological similarities, while all the cultivated accessions were AA species originating from the Yangtze River with severe genetic impoverishment. The separation of the two BB species with small seeds, that is, <i>T. incisa</i> and <i>T. maximowiczii</i>, was strongly supported by both morphological and genetic evidence. For the tetraploids, Asian and North American tetraploids were revealed to have distinct evolutionary origins. Asian allotetraploids (AABB) originated through hybridization between AA diploids from the Yangtze River Basin and BB diploids <i>T. maximowiczii</i>, supported by nuclear and chloroplast evidence. In contrast, the invasive North American tetraploids (<i>T. bispinosa</i> var. <i>iinumai</i>) exhibited an AACC-like genome, suggesting an independent polyploidization involving an unknown “CC” diploid. These findings provide critical insights into <i>Trapa</i>'s complex evolutionary history, polyploidizations, and invasive origins, offering a genomic foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of the underutilized aquatic crop amid global environmental challenges.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The FIBRILLIN multigene family in tomato, their roles in plastoglobuli structure and metabolism","authors":"Juliana Almeida,&nbsp;Laura Perez-Fons,&nbsp;Margit Drapal,&nbsp;Kit Liew,&nbsp;Eugenia M. A. Enfissi,&nbsp;Paul D. Fraser","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastoglobuli (PG) are plant lipoprotein compartments, present in plastid organelles. They are involved in the formation and/or storage of lipophilic metabolites. FIBRILLINs (FBNs) are one of the main PG-associated proteins and are particularly abundant in carotenoid-enriched chromoplasts found in ripe fruits and flowers. To address the contribution of different FBNs, independently and in combination, to isoprenoid formation and sequestration, a multiplex gene editing approach was undertaken in tomato. This approach generated a suite of single and high-order <i>fbn</i> mutants that were shown to lack transcripts and respective protein products. The major PG-related FBNs in tomato chosen for this study are <i>Sl</i>FBN1, <i>Sl</i>FBN2a, <i>Sl</i>FBN4 and <i>Sl</i>FBN7a. When knocked out independently, functional redundancy was revealed. However, paralog-specific roles were detected regulating specific isoprenoids (e.g. plastochromanol 8) or plastidial esterification capability. In addition, high-order <i>fbn</i> mutants displayed altered isoprenoid chromoplast sequestration patterns, notably with a significant reduction in carotenes (phytoene and phytofluene) in the PG fraction. Proteomic analysis confirmed the absence of PG-core associated proteins, including NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase C1, tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) and phytol esterase (PES1/PYP). Perturbations to the ultrastructure of the plastid were revealed, with aberrant PG formation and morphology predominating in high-order mutants. Global lipidome profiles also highlighted broader changes directly affecting storage and plastid membrane lipids, for example, tri- and diacylglycerides and galactolipid species. Collectively, these results support both structural and metabolic roles of <i>Sl</i>FBNs in PGs. The findings expose fundamental aspects of metabolic compartmentalisation in plant cells and the importance of lipoprotein particles for plastid integrity and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPL gene family in Larix kaempferi: identification, functional analysis, and roles in somatic embryogenesis and hormonal regulation","authors":"Xin Li,&nbsp;Junchen Wang,&nbsp;Yuqin Huang,&nbsp;Chenghao Li,&nbsp;Liwang Qi,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02675-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02675-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A total of 12 <i>SPL</i> gene family members were identified in <i>Larix kaempferi</i>. The expression patterns of these 12 <i>LkSPLs</i> during somatic embryogenesis suggest their involvement in somatic embryo development. Furthermore, the hormone-responsive profiles indicate that the <i>LkSPLs</i> are transcriptionally regulated by phytohormones, including SA (salicylic acid), ABA (abscisic acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), GA (gibberellin), and MeJA (methyl jasmonate), thereby mediating their biological functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}