生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Distribution of Progesterone Receptors and the Membrane Component of the Progesterone Receptor in Various Organs and Tissues of Male and Female Rats","authors":"A. D. Dmitrieva,&nbsp;I. A. Morozov,&nbsp;A. M. Karkhov,&nbsp;P. M. Rubtsov,&nbsp;O. V. Smirnova,&nbsp;T. A. Shchelkunova","doi":"10.1134/S1990747825700047","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747825700047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Progesterone regulates reproductive processes and affects many functions of various non-reproductive organs. Its effects in mammals and humans are mediated by nuclear (nPRs) and membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs). The action of progesterone through different types of receptors differs significantly and also has tissue-specific features. The expression of known types and subtypes of progesterone receptors in tissues of male and female rats has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of five mPRs genes and nPRs gene, as well as membrane component of progesterone receptor PGRMC1 in reproductive organs and in 17 non-reproductive tissues of male and female rats by reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. A high level of nPRs gene expression has been found not only in reproductive organs of female rats (uterus, ovary, mammary glands), but also in seminal vesicles of male rats, in the brain and trachea of both sexes, in blood vessels and in the pancreas of females. The highest level of expression of mPRs genes of all subtypes was in the testes, while expression of the gene encoding nPRs was practically undetectable in them. Expression of genes encoding mPRs was also detected in the liver and spleen of male and female rats, while expression of the gene encoding nPRs was at the background level. No expression of nPRs, mPRs and membrane component of progesterone receptor (PGRMC1) genes was detected in muscle, and its level was very low in heart in animals of both sexes. Nuclear and membrane receptor mRNA expression in non-reproductive tissues in rats has been shown to be sex-dependent. Transcription of nPRs and three subtypes of mPRs (α, β, δ) was predominant in females, and two subtypes of mPRs (γ, ε) were predominant in males. Evidence for the presence of progesterone receptors in tissues not involved in reproduction supports the action of progesterone on these organs. The high mRNA levels of various progesterone receptors in male rat tissues such as pancreas, lung, kidney, and trachea suggest an important physiological role of progestins not only in females but also in males, which is still poorly understood. The paper also discusses the known functions of progesterone receptors in the tissues studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S33 - S47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducible expression of DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation and lipid droplet formation in vegetative tissues","authors":"Athen N. Kimberlin,&nbsp;Sakil Mahmud,&nbsp;Rebekah E. Holtsclaw,&nbsp;Alexie Walker,&nbsp;Kristyn Conrad,&nbsp;Stewart A. Morley,&nbsp;Ruth Welti,&nbsp;Doug K. Allen,&nbsp;Abraham J. Koo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioengineering efforts to increase oil in non-storage vegetative tissues, which constitute the majority of plant biomass, are promising sustainable sources of renewable fuels and feedstocks. While plants typically do not accumulate significant amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) in vegetative tissues, we report here that the expression of a plastid-localized phospholipase A1 protein, DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1), led to a substantial increase in leaf TAG in Arabidopsis. Using an inducible system to control DAD1 expression circumvented growth penalties associated with overexpressing DAD1 and resulted in a rapid burst of TAG within several hours. The increase of TAG was accompanied by the formation of oil bodies in the leaves, petioles, and stems, but not in the roots. Lipid analysis indicated that the increase in TAG was negatively correlated with plastidial galactolipid concentration. The fatty acid (FA) composition of TAG predominantly consisted of 18:3. Expression of DAD1 in the <i>fad3fad7fad8</i> mutant, devoid of 18:3, resulted in comparable TAG accumulation with 18:2 as the major FA constituent, reflecting the flexible <i>in vivo</i> substrate use of DAD1. The transient expression of either Arabidopsis DAD1 or <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> DAD1 (NbDAD1) in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves stimulated the accumulation of TAG. Similarly, transgenic soybeans expressing Arabidopsis DAD1 exhibited an accumulation of TAG in the leaves, showcasing the biotechnological potential of this technology. In summary, inducible expression of a plastidial lipase resulted in enhanced oil production in vegetative tissues, extending our understanding of lipid remodeling mediated by DAD1 and offering a valuable tool for metabolic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi and genome editing of sugarcane: Progress and prospects","authors":"Eleanor Brant,&nbsp;Evelyn Zuniga-Soto,&nbsp;Fredy Altpeter","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sugarcane, which provides 80% of global table sugar and 40% of biofuel, presents unique breeding challenges due to its highly polyploid, heterozygous, and frequently aneuploid genome. Significant progress has been made in developing genetic resources, including the recently completed reference genome of the sugarcane cultivar R570 and pan-genomic resources from sorghum, a closely related diploid species. Biotechnological approaches including RNA interference (RNAi), overexpression of transgenes, and gene editing technologies offer promising avenues for accelerating sugarcane improvement. These methods have successfully targeted genes involved in important traits such as sucrose accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, biomass oil accumulation, and stress response. One of the main transformation methods—biolistic gene transfer or <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation—coupled with efficient tissue culture protocols, is typically used for implementing these biotechnology approaches. Emerging technologies show promise for overcoming current limitations. The use of morphogenic genes can help address genotype constraints and improve transformation efficiency. Tissue culture-free technologies, such as spray-induced gene silencing, virus-induced gene silencing, or virus-induced gene editing, offer potential for accelerating functional genomics studies. Additionally, novel approaches including base and prime editing, orthogonal synthetic transcription factors, and synthetic directed evolution present opportunities for enhancing sugarcane traits. These advances collectively aim to improve sugarcane's efficiency as a crop for both sugar and biofuel production. This review aims to discuss the progress made in sugarcane methodologies, with a focus on RNAi and gene editing approaches, how RNAi can be used to inform functional gene targets, and future improvements and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of an α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase involved in converting 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones into 2-styrylchromones in agarwood","authors":"Mingliang Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangping Fan,&nbsp;Zekun Zhang,&nbsp;Mengrong Niu,&nbsp;Xinyu Mi,&nbsp;Hailing Qiu,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang,&nbsp;Pengfei Tu,&nbsp;She-Po Shi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2-Phenylethylchromones (PECs) and 2-styrylchromones (SCs) are the primary components responsible for the delightful fragrance and bioactivity of agarwood, a highly valuable aromatic resinous heartwood. PECs are derived from a common precursor with a diarylpentanoid skeleton (C₆–C₅–C₆). However, the biosynthesis of SCs remains unclear. In this study, based on the successful conversion of the PEC skeleton, rather than a dehydrogenated diarylpentanoid, into SCs by <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> suspension cells, we demonstrated that double bond formation of the styryl group in SCs occurs after the creation of the PEC skeleton, not before this step from a dehydrogenated diarylpentanoid precursor. Through transcriptomic data mining, transient expression in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and <i>A. sinensis</i> suspension cells, we identified a new 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase (<i>As</i>2OG1) that plays a crucial role in the conversion of PECs into SCs. Further protein structure prediction and mutagenesis studies, combined with probing of the catalytic potential of <i>As</i>2OG1 using chemically synthesized hydroxylated intermediates, suggested that <i>As</i>2OG1 possibly uses diradical or carbocation intermediates, rather than hydroxylated intermediates, to install double bonds in SCs. The results not only provide insights into the molecular mechanism of agarwood formation but also facilitate the overproduction of pharmaceutically important SCs using metabolic engineering approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Effect of YB-1 and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Primary Hippocampal Culture under Conditions of ACE2 Receptor Blockade","authors":"D. Yu. Zhdanova,&nbsp;A. V. Chaplygina,&nbsp;N. V. Bobkova,&nbsp;R. A. Poltavtseva,&nbsp;G. T. Sukhikh","doi":"10.1134/S1990747825700035","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747825700035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the fact that the current situation with COVID-19 incidence is not an emergency, new strains of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continue to appear in the world, some of them with higher virulence compared to the original virus. Studies have shown that patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) had a high risk of severe COVID-19, but the molecular and cellular mechanism of this predisposition is not fully elucidated. In this study, we developed a cellular model of the initial stage of COVID-19 on primary hippocampal culture of 5xFAD mice, a model of the familial AD, using the specific ACE2 receptor inhibitor MLN-4760. This model is based on the experimentally proven decrease in ACE2 receptor activity observed in COVID-19 patients due to internalization of the receptor inside the cell after binding to coronavirus. Using immunochemical staining with specific antibodies for detection of neurons (marker MAP2) and astroglia (marker GFAP) it was found that 24 h after addition of MLN-4760 (0.2 nmol per 1 mL of medium) to the culture medium there was a decrease in the density of astrocytes and neurons, a change in their morphology with a sharp reduction in the length and density of neurites, which led to the death of the cell culture. The transgenic culture turned out to be more sensitive to the effect of the inhibitor compared to the control hippocampal culture of native mice. In the second part of the study the possibilities of preventing the destructive effect of MLN-4760 on the hippocampal culture were studied. It was shown that administration of YB-1, an endogenous multifunctional stress protein, promoted restoration of cell culture structure and resulted in stimulation of neurite growth and astroglia activation. Introduction of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) after ACE2 blockade was also accompanied by improved culture survival, restoration of cell morphology, and increased density of astrocytes and neurons. These results suggest that YB-1 and cell therapy using MMSCs are promising options for the development of new effective methods to prevent the pathologic effects of the virus on brain tissue, which is an important link in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S20 - S32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational metabolomics reveals overlooked chemodiversity of alkaloid scaffolds in Piper fimbriulatum","authors":"Tito Damiani,&nbsp;Joshua Smith,&nbsp;Téo Hebra,&nbsp;Milana Perković,&nbsp;Marijo Čičak,&nbsp;Alžběta Kadlecová,&nbsp;Vlastimil Rybka,&nbsp;Martin Dračínský,&nbsp;Tomáš Pluskal","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant specialized metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes and ecological interactions. Identifying structurally novel metabolites, as well as discovering known compounds in new species, is often crucial for answering broader biological questions. The <i>Piper</i> genus (<i>Piperaceae</i> family) is known for its special phytochemistry and has been extensively studied over the past decades. Here, we investigated the alkaloid diversity of <i>Piper fimbriulatum</i>, a myrmecophytic plant native to Central America, using a metabolomics workflow that combines untargeted LC–MS/MS analysis with a range of recently developed computational tools. Specifically, we leverage open MS/MS spectral libraries and metabolomics data repositories for metabolite annotation, guiding isolation efforts toward structurally new compounds (i.e., dereplication). As a result, we identified several alkaloids belonging to five different classes and isolated one novel <i>seco</i>-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid featuring a linear quaternary amine moiety which we named fimbriulatumine. Notably, many of the identified compounds were never reported in Piperaceae plants. Our findings expand the known alkaloid diversity of this family and demonstrate the value of revisiting well-studied plant families using state-of-the-art computational metabolomics workflows to uncover previously overlooked chemodiversity. To contextualize our findings within a broader biological context, we employed a workflow for automated mining of literature reports of the identified alkaloid scaffolds and mapped the results onto the angiosperm tree of life. By doing so, we highlight the remarkable alkaloid diversity within the <i>Piper</i> genus and provide a framework for generating hypotheses on the biosynthetic evolution of these specialized metabolites. Many of the computational tools and data resources used in this study remain underutilized within the plant science community. This manuscript demonstrates their potential through a practical application and aims to promote broader accessibility to untargeted metabolomics approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the rice ideotype: Optimizing traits for methane mitigation and sustainable yield","authors":"Saleem Asif,&nbsp;Yoon-Hee Jang,&nbsp;Rahmatullah Jan,&nbsp;Sajjad Asaf,&nbsp; Lubna,&nbsp;Eun-Gyeong Kim,&nbsp;Jae-Ryoung Park,&nbsp;Kyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice is a staple food for billions of people but also a major source of methane emissions, contributing approximately 10% of global agricultural methane. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a correlation analysis of various traits gathered from years of research on the 120 Cheongcheong Nagdong Double Haploid (CNDH) population to identify key traits responsible for methane emission in rice. This study focused on practical plant traits, including culm length, spikelets per panicle, and grain weight, which have a positive correlation with methane emission. Shorter culm lengths produce less biomass, thereby reducing the organic matter available to feed methane-producing microbes. Increasing the number of spikelets per panicle increase boosts grain production, thereby reducing the development of root exudates that contribute to methane production. Our results indicate a positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.51) between grain weight and methane emissions, suggesting that selecting for heavier grains may actually increase methane emissions. Based on these features, we propose an rice ideotype variety that possibly minimizes the rice plant methane emissions while maintaining a high yield. This paper suggests that future studies should be extended to validate these current findings and explore the genetic components and ecological aspects of methane emissions to improve methane management in sustainable rice farming systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsid protein of turnip crinkle virus suppresses antiviral RNA decay by degrading Arabidopsis Dcp1 via ubiquitination pathway","authors":"Kunxin Wu,&nbsp;Qiuxian Xie,&nbsp;Xueting Liu,&nbsp;Yan Fu,&nbsp;Shuxia Li,&nbsp;Xiaoling Yu,&nbsp;Wenbin Li,&nbsp;Pingjuan Zhao,&nbsp;Yanli Ren,&nbsp;Mengbin Ruan,&nbsp;Xiuchun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RNA decay is a pervasive process in eukaryotic cells. Viruses utilize the host cell's intracellular machinery to gain access to essential molecules and subcellular structures required for infection during the pathogenesis process. The study demonstrates that turnip crinkle virus (TCV) infection enhances the expression of Arabidopsis Dcp1 (AtDcp1), which negatively regulates the accumulation of TCV RNA, indicating its involvement in antiviral defense. Nevertheless, TCV circumvents the antiviral defense based on RNA decay, as indicated by the capsid protein (CP) of TCV stabilizing the known nonsense-mediated RNA decay-targeted transcripts. <i>In vivo</i>, CP physically interacts with AtDcp1, promoting AtDcp1 degradation via ubiquitination pathway. This is evidenced by the observation that the degradation is inhibited by 26S proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, CP elevates the polyubiquitination of Dcp1-Flag. These data indicate that CP suppresses RNA decay by interacting with AtDcp1 and mediating its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway, effectively suppressing antiviral RNA decay. This study uncovers a previously unidentified virulence strategy in the ongoing conflict between plants and TCV.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A node-localized transporter TaSPDT is responsible for the distribution of phosphorus to grains in wheat","authors":"Aiying Wang,&nbsp;Yaoke Duan,&nbsp;Rong Wang,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Keqiao Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoping Kong,&nbsp;Feijuan Gao,&nbsp;Bochao He,&nbsp;Zhen Jiao,&nbsp;Hao Sun","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is one of the world's main food crops and the largest phosphorus (P) fertilizer consumer globally. However, the molecular mechanism of P distribution in wheat remains largely unknown. This study investigated the <i>TaSULTR</i> gene family and functionally characterized <i>TaSPDT</i> (<i>TaSULTR3;4</i>). Thirty-three <i>TaSULTR</i> genes were identified and divided into four groups. These genes contained three tandem duplications and 28 segmental duplications. TaSPDT was localized on the plasma membrane and demonstrated P transport activity. <i>TaSPDT</i> was mainly expressed at nodes, and its expression was elevated under low P conditions. TaSPDT was distributed on the xylem and phloem of enlarged and diffuse vascular bundles at nodes, as well as on the parenchyma cell bridge between vascular bundles. <i>TaSPDT</i> knockout reduced P distribution to young leaves but increased it in older leaves during the vegetative stage under low P availability. P uptake by roots, transfer to above-ground tissues, and redistribution within aerial organs were unaffected. At the reproductive stage, TaSPDT knockout notably diminished P allocation to grains, resulting in a significant decrease in grain yield, particularly under P-deficient conditions. These results suggest that TaSPDT mediates the transmembrane transport of P from the xylem to the phloem at the nodes, resulting in the preferential distribution of P to grains. This study enables a better understanding of the <i>TaSULTR</i> gene family and P distribution in wheat.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 synergistically regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the transcription of MdPHT1;13, enhancing phosphorus uptake in apple rootstocks","authors":"Yimei Huang,&nbsp;Longmei Zhai,&nbsp;Yan Zhou,&nbsp;Jiahong Lv,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;Ting Wu,&nbsp;Xinzhong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenhai Han,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus in the soil is easily chelated into forms that are unavailable to plants, leading to phosphorus deficiency, which severely affects the growth, development, and fruit quality of apple trees. To address phosphorus deficiency, we used four different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to investigate their effects on the growth and development of apple rootstocks and phosphorus uptake in the soil. We identified <i>Glomus mosseae</i> (<i>Gm</i>) fungi as the most effective AMF for promoting growth and found that under phosphorus-deficient conditions, inoculating with <i>Gm</i> fungi promoted the growth of the above-ground parts of the plants and phosphorus absorption, while it inhibited root growth. After inoculating with <i>Gm</i> fungi, we found phosphorus starvation response factors (PHRs) and auxin response factors (ARFs) were upregulated. Knockdown of <i>MdPHR2</i> or <i>MdARF6-4</i> resulted in decreased root arbuscular structures, total mycorrhizal colonization rate, and root phosphorus content, indicating that MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 positively regulate the symbiosis of <i>Gm</i> fungi and phosphorus absorption. In contrast, overexpressing <i>MdARF6-4</i> led to reduced root development but increased root phosphorus content under <i>Gm</i> fungi inoculation, suggesting that MdARF6-4 is involved in <i>Gm</i>-mediated phosphorus absorption and root development. Moreover, both <i>MdPHR2</i> and <i>MdARF6-4</i> directly bound to the promoter area of the downstream phosphorus transporter <i>MdPHT1;13</i>, and these two transcription factors interacted with each other <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. In summary, our study demonstrates that the interaction between MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 synergistically regulates the <i>Gm</i> symbiosis and the transcription of <i>MdPHT1;13</i>, thereby promoting phosphorus absorption in apple rootstocks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}