生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Halophyte-Derived Kushneria Strains Enhance Salt Tolerance and Rhizosphere Dynamics in Cabbage.","authors":"Yuxin Peng, Ju Huck Lee, Cha Young Kim, Jiyoung Lee","doi":"10.1111/pce.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halophytic plants harbour salt-tolerant bacteria that enhance resilience to salinity. In this study, two highly halotolerant Kushneria isolates, K. konosiri (Kk) and K. marisflavi (Km), were obtained from the halophyte Suaeda maritima. Both strains tolerated up to 25% NaCl and promoted Arabidopsis thaliana growth under salt stress by producing indole-3-acetic acid, proline, and extracellular polysaccharides that mitigated osmotic stress. Inoculation with Kk or Km increased shoot and root biomass and reduced intracellular Na⁺ and reactive oxygen species. Their agricultural potential was tested in cabbage (Brassica rapa), where both isolates alleviated salinity-induced growth inhibition. A combined inoculum (Kkm) showed enhanced efficacy, significantly increasing shoot biomass (1.26-fold vs. Kk; 1.23-fold vs. Km) and dry weight (1.19-fold vs. Kk; 1.13-fold vs. Km). Kkm treatment also improved the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and proline accumulation. Microbial profiling revealed that Kkm enriched Bacillus species in the rhizosphere and promoted greater biofilm formation than single strains. These findings demonstrate that Kushneria isolates function as salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria, enhancing ion homoeostasis, stress protection, and rhizosphere restructuring. This study highlights the potential of halophyte-derived microbial consortia to improve crop salt tolerance in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAM1-WRI Synergy: A GRAS-AP2 Regulatory Axis for Nutrient Exchange in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.","authors":"Jin-Peng Gao, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1111/pce.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Reveals Concentration-Specific Adaptive Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Cadmium Translocation and Detoxification in Arundinoideae (Phragmites australis).","authors":"Congli Ma, Chenle Wu, Han Han, Dongju Bai, Ziyu Zhang, Yadong Li, Hongjie Wang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Phragmites australis (Pa) is an effective biological strategy for cadmium (Cd) remediation, however, the bioaccumulation and translocation mechanisms underlying this symbiosis remain underexplored. In this study, Cd and nutrient element concentrations in four Pa tissues were analyzed, along with ultrastructure observations and root metabolomics profiling, under different Cd concentrations (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L) and exposure durations (7 days, 30 days). The root metabolomics analysis, in combination with Cd accumulation patterns and ultrastructural observations, provided crucial insights into the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd detoxification, nutrient redistribution, and subcellular structural changes in the AMF-Pa symbiotic system. AMF reduced Cd accumulation in all Pa tissues under 1 mg/L Cd for 7 days and in roots under 5 mg/L Cd for 30 days. Conversely, with AMF, Pa accumulated more Cd in the other exposure groups. Under 5 mg/L Cd for 30 days, AMF facilitated Cd translocation from roots to aboveground parts. AMF altered Cu, Zn and P bioaccumulation in old roots and significantly influenced Fe accumulation in roots across all treatments. While 5 mg/L Cd disrupted cellular ultrastructure, AMF inoculation protected intracellular organ integrity and promoted cell wall thickening. This study reveals the dynamic mechanisms by which AMF regulate Cd translocation and accumulation under varying Cd concentrations. Under high Cd concentrations, AMF enhance energy metabolism and chelation, promoting Cd translocation from roots to aerial parts while mitigating Cd toxicity in the endodermis. In contrast, under low Cd concentrations, AMF suppress Cd uptake and promote its immobilization within root tissues by activating amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, reducing Cd translocation to aboveground parts. Additionally, AMF strengthen cell walls through phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, offering protection against Cd toxicity. These findings provide crucial theoretical insights for the application of AMF in phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phloem Development and Function in Plants: Implications for Flowering, Nitrogen Fixation, and Crop Yield.","authors":"Hong Li, Lanxin Li, Meiling Zhong, Chuanjie Gou, Haiyang Li, Zhihui Sun, Baohui Liu, Fanjiang Kong, Huan Liu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In tracheophyte plants, vascular bundles transport water, nutrients, and signalling molecules, including photoassimilates, amino acids, phytohormones, and inorganic ions. The vascular bundle contains xylem and phloem, which primarily transport water and nutrients, respectively. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in understanding the function of phloem in plant development and physiology. In this review, we describe the roles of genes and proteins that determine phloem cell fates and functions in the development of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and several important crop plants. In particular, we expound upon phloem's role in sink organ development and determination of flowering time, highlighting two critical phloem-mediated processes: the allocation of sugars to sink tissues and the transport of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to promote flowering. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms governing FT expression and movement in Arabidopsis. Moreover, we elaborate on the pivotal role of sugar distribution in nitrogen fixation within root nodules, a specialized sink organ in leguminous plants. Clarifying the roles of phloem in these processes will illuminate fundamental principles underlying plant growth and development, thereby providing pivotal insights for improving crop yield and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 Regulates Magnesium Deficiency-Induced Root Hair Development by Regulating Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Nan Sun, Zhen Wang, Peifan Wang, Bidan Yin, Xianyong Lin, Chengliang Sun","doi":"10.1111/pce.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root hairs enlarge root surface and facilitate plant exploration for edaphic resources, particularly under nutrient-limiting conditions. While magnesium (Mg) deficiency is known to markedly stimulate root hair development, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterised. Here, we elucidate the critical role of SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 (SAV4) in regulating Mg deficiency-induced root hair elongation through modulating epidermal auxin level in Arabidopsis. Root hair elongation under Mg deficiency was significantly suppressed in sav4 mutant, and SAV4 epidermal-specific expression partially rescued its root hair elongation defect. Further analysis revealed that SAV4 expression was upregulated in root tips under Mg deficiency. Attenuated root hair elongation in sav4 mutants is explained by reduced basipetal auxin transport in the root epidermis, caused by an inability to maintain the abundance of the membrane-localised auxin efflux carrier PIN2. The endocytosis of PIN2 is delayed in Arabidopsis roots under Mg deficiency, which is released in sav4 mutant and thus impairs basipetal auxin transport. Our findings establish a molecular framework wherein SAV4-mediated dynamics of PIN2 at the epidermal membrane under Mg deficiency ensures proper basipetal auxin transport, thereby facilitating root hair elongation.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Conversion for Biofuels: From Lignin Modification to Enzymatic Delignification of Plant Cell Wall.","authors":"Shumeng Zhang, Chunxiang Fu, Meifeng Liu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic Hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata Functions as a Toxic Lure and an Induced Defense Against Herbivores.","authors":"Yang Bai, Xiaoming Wan, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen","doi":"10.1111/pce.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pteris vittata, a model arsenic hyperaccumulator, thrives in arsenic-contaminated soils. While arsenic accumulation is hypothesized to deter herbivores, its broader ecological impacts remain poorly understood. This study presents the first investigation of bidirectional interactions between insect herbivory and arsenic hyperaccumulation in P. vittata. Contrary to expectations, herbivorous insects preferentially consumed arsenic-containing tissues, more attracted to high-arsenic versus low-arsenic pinnae. However, larvae feeding on high-arsenic pinnae exhibited significant growth inhibition and negative weight gain. Arsenic accumulated primarily in insect cuticles and midguts, with substantial enrichment in exuviae (transfer coefficient: 5) and frass (transfer coefficient: 1.9), confirming exuviation and excretion as key detoxification pathways. Remarkably, herbivory by Spodoptera litura triggered a ~25% increase in arsenic concentrations of P. vittata pinnae. This induced elemental defense response was supported by enhanced arsenic distribution at wound sites and corresponding transporter protein upregulation. We propose an induce-trap defense hypothesis. Herbivore damage stimulates localized arsenic redistribution and potential attractant release, leading to dose-dependent insect toxicity while simultaneously strengthening plant defense. This intricate plant-insect interaction may explain the evolutionary persistence of arsenic hyperaccumulation in P. vittata.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indel mutation in transcription factor PabHLH2 regulates amygdalin accumulation and kernel bitterness in apricot","authors":"Meiling Zhang,&nbsp;Fengchao Jiang,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Wenjian Yu,&nbsp;Juanjuan Ling,&nbsp;Yuzhu Wang,&nbsp;Junhuan Zhang,&nbsp;Haoyuan Sun","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70523","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amygdalin, the phytochemical responsible for the characteristic bitterness of apricot (<i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L.) kernels, also exhibits significant bioactive properties and therapeutic potential. Genetic regulation of amygdalin content is therefore a key objective in apricot breeding programs aimed at quality improvement. In this study, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to uncover the genetic basis of sweet–bitter differentiation in apricot kernels. We identified a 15-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism strongly related to kernel bitterness, with marker validation achieving 100% concordance across 601 apricot germplasm accessions. Notably, this polymorphic site is located within the helix–loop–helix (HLH) domain of the basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factor PabHLH2. Protein interaction analyses revealed that the 15-bp deletion variant impaired dimerization capacity, reducing transcriptional activation of downstream targets. Using yeast one-hybrid screening and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we identified <i>PaCYP71AN24</i> and <i>PaCYP79D16</i> as direct transcriptional targets of PabHLH2. Functional characterization further indicated that the PabHLH2a variant (harboring the 15-bp insertion) significantly enhanced the promoter activity of these cytochrome P450 genes compared with the deletion variant. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments in apricot kernels further confirmed that the 15-bp insertion positively regulates both <i>PaCYP71AN24</i>/<i>PaCYP79D16</i> expression and prunasin accumulation, the immediate biosynthetic precursor of amygdalin. Overall, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the allelic variation underlying kernel bitterness and delineate the molecular cascade of amygdalin biosynthesis. The identified molecular markers and functional characterization establish a basis for marker-assisted breeding of low-amygdalin apricot cultivars, supporting the dual-purpose utilization of kernels in food and pharmaceutical industries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canonical tyrosine-based motifs are required for constitutive endocytosis and polarity of IRT1 and contribute to metal uptake","authors":"Julien Spielmann,&nbsp;Nathalie Leonhardt,&nbsp;Julie Neveu,&nbsp;Grégory Vert","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70524","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.70524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endocytosis regulates the localization and abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Several endocytic mechanisms were shown to operate in plants. The plant metal transporter IRT1 was previously shown to undergo ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis and degradation upon excess of some of its metal substrates. However, the contribution of other endocytic mechanisms to IRT1 internalization and plant metal nutrition remains unclear. Here, we uncovered that the core machinery of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) participates in constitutive IRT1 endocytosis and plant metal nutrition. IRT1 directly interacts with AP2M through cytosolic-exposed YxxΦ motifs. Alteration of IRT1 CME using point mutation in AP2 recognition motifs or <i>ap2m</i> knockout leads to defects in IRT1 endocytosis, secretion/recycling and polarity, irrespective of metal nutrition. Altered IRT1 subcellular localization is associated with impaired growth responses to non-iron metals. Altogether, our work highlights the importance of AP2 complex-mediated recognition of IRT1 YxxΦ motifs for the constitutive trafficking of IRT1 and its role in plant metal uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of DCL4 activity by maternally supplied flavonoid aglycons induces a bicolor pattern in the saddle soybean seed coat","authors":"Riho Yamanashi,&nbsp;Kazunori Kuriyama,&nbsp;Keita Sawai,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tsugawa,&nbsp;Hisashi Koiwa,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Moriyama,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Fukuhara","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.70522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Domesticated soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) varieties can be divided into three major groups based on seed coat color: yellow (colorless), bicolored (saddle), and black. In yellow cultivars, the expression of the gene encoding chalcone synthase, essential for flavonoid biosynthesis, is inhibited by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). In saddle cultivars, PTGS is spatially inhibited in the central region around the hilum, which is black. However, the molecular mechanism of this region-specific inhibition of PTGS remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between Dicer-like 4 (DCL4), essential for PTGS, and flavonoid aglycons, which can inhibit DCL4. In the immature seed coat, DCL4 activity was specifically detected in the region that becomes colorless after seed maturation, but it was not detected in the region that becomes black after seed maturation, although its expression level had no difference. By contrast, phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, accumulated specifically in the region that becomes black. Especially, quercetin accumulated specifically in the central region of immature saddle seed coat and inhibited the dicing activity of DCL4. Furthermore, flavonoids highly accumulated in the funiculi of saddle and black but not yellow cultivars, and immature seeds cultured <i>in vitro</i> had reduced phenolic compounds in their seed coats. These results indicate that flavonoid aglycons including quercetin transported from the maternal tissues via the funiculus, accumulated in the central region of the immature seed coat, and induced bicolor pigmentation in the saddle seed coat by region-specific inhibition of DCL4 (PTGS).</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}