Journal of Modern European History最新文献

Fascist Internationalism: From a Vanished Institution to a Failed Concept? 法西斯国际主义：从消失的制度到失败的概念？

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331427

Daniel Hedinger

{"title":"Fascist Internationalism: From a Vanished Institution to a Failed Concept?","authors":"Daniel Hedinger","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331427","url":null,"abstract":"During the early 1930s, a number of fascist international organisations emerged in Europe and East Asia. Italy's ambition to universalise fascism led to the establishment of the Action Committees for the Universality of Rome (Comitati d’Azione per l’Universalità di Roma, CAUR) in mid-1933. Meanwhile, some months earlier, Japan's continental expansion and the founding of Manchukuo brought about the creation of the Greater Asia Association (Dai Ajia Kyōkai). For a moment, it seemed that the time had come for a proper fascist international aimed at an ultranationalist revision of the League of Nations and at fighting the Comintern on a global level. During the 1930s, fascist internationalism was the ideology-driven motor beyond such projects. However, by the latter half of the decade, all of them had failed. In Europe, heightened competition between Germany and Italy left little space for a pan-European fascist organisation. In Asia, the colonial context of the region and Japan's expansion placed almost insurmountable obstacles in the way of an East Asian fascist international, and it turned out that the connection between the two centres of gravitation in Asia and Europe would not be established through any kind of fascist international organisation. This article discusses how and why the fascist internationals of the early 1930s vanished, stressing that, in the end, the rising Axis alliance was much more driven by transimperial radicalisation. In other words, Italy, Germany and Japan did not rely on a proper fascist international institution to plunge the world into a new world war. Nonetheless, as this article shows, the manner of the failure and vanishing of fascist internationalism is essential in understanding the scope and nature of global fascism in the interwar years.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European Lives and Deaths – Atlantic Revival? The Europeanness of the League of Nations’ Protracted Demise 欧洲人的生死——大西洋复兴？国际联盟（League of Nations）长期消亡的欧洲特征

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331415

Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Haakon Andreas Ikonomou

{"title":"European Lives and Deaths – Atlantic Revival? The Europeanness of the League of Nations’ Protracted Demise","authors":"Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Haakon Andreas Ikonomou","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331415","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we revisit the story of the League of Nations’ (1919–1946) death. Throughout its existence, the League served as an instrument for a series of important experiments in organising European politics and negotiating Europe's place in the wider global order. To understand the League's demise and legacy, we need to study these different conceptions of Europe, their shortcomings, failures and legacies. The article explores three such conceptions: (1) the Eurocentric civilisational order that played a foundational role in the early 1920s; (2) the European regional agenda that rose to prominence as a product of the French-German rapprochement of the late 1920s; and (3) the new technocratic visions of regional European cooperation that were associated with a deteriorating international political climate in the 1930s. The Atlantic heritage, with the transfer of experiences, functions and personnel from the League to the UN during and after the World War II, is addressed in the article's fourth and final sections. Our argument is that these European visions were attempts to manage the turbulent and skewed post-war world order by an Eurocentric organisation that from its very inception was hampered by the fact that one of its chief designers, namely the United States, opted not to join. In a broader perspective, we show that in order to understand how international organisations die, we should work with a deeper historical perspective that considers the effects of their various life stages.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Quiet End of the Front-Runner: The Expiry of the European Coal and Steel Community 领跑者的悄然终结：欧洲煤钢共同体的终结

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331428

Tobias Witschke

引用次数: 0

Social Justice after the 20th Century. Edited by Martin Conway and Camilo Erlichman 20世纪后的社会正义。Martin Conway和Camilo Erlichman编辑

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251315934

Martin Conway, Camilo Erlichman, Sandrine Kott, Ido de Haan, Adrian Grama, Felix Römer

引用次数: 0

Forum II H ow to Write Modern European History Today? Statements to Jörn Leonhard’s JMEH-Forum 论坛二今天如何书写欧洲近代史？对Jörn莱昂哈德jmeh论坛的声明

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004002

Michel Espagne, Jonas Kreienbaum, Frederic Cooper, Christoph Conrad, Philipp Ther

引用次数: 0

The Legal Moment in International History: Global Perspectives on Doing Law and Writing History in Nuremberg and Tokyo, 1945–1948. 国际历史上的法律时刻：纽伦堡和东京，1945-1948年，法律研究和历史写作的全球视角。

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004003

Daniel Hedinger, Daniel Siemens

引用次数: 0

From Nanking to Hiroshima to Seoul: (Post-)Transitional Justice, Juridical Forms and the Construction of Wartime Memory 从南京到广岛再到首尔：（后）过渡时期司法、司法形式与战时记忆的建构

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004007

Urs Matthias Zachmann

{"title":"From Nanking to Hiroshima to Seoul: (Post-)Transitional Justice, Juridical Forms and the Construction of Wartime Memory","authors":"Urs Matthias Zachmann","doi":"10.1177/1611-89442016014004007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1611-89442016014004007","url":null,"abstract":"History still looms large in the politics of East Asia. Rather than settling into a modicum of consensus, debates on how to understand and commemorate the Second World War even seem to gain in intensity and emotionality with the passage of time. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the debates on landmark cases of (post-) transitional justice, particularly the Tokyo Trial of 1946–1948 and later, more recent trials. This article seeks to point out the role which jurists and juridical forms play in shaping the historical narratives of the trials and in proliferating their contentiousness. Thus, the perspective of Japanese jurists at the Tokyo Trial betrays an ingrained scepticism towards international law as an absolute standard and the agnostic rejection of any higher juridical authority to establish historical truth. As a consequence, jurists at the Atomic Bombing Trial of 1963 tried to regain autonomy by creating an alternative narrative against a hegemonic, but absent party (the US). This practice has become a standard procedure in East Asia, as can be seen in the Comfort Women decision of 2011 and related cases in Korea and the Philippines. Common to all these cases is their inherently adversarial structure. This juridical form has a number of consequences for understanding the role of the involved parties, the legal and epistemic limitations of the truth they establish and the equally limited function of trials to act as substitute for genuine reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Saturation Point of Horror. The Holocaust at Nuremberg Revisited 超越恐怖饱和点。纽伦堡大屠杀重演

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004005

Kim Christian Priemel

引用次数: 0

A Global Conspiracy? The Berlin – Tokyo – Rome Axis on Trial and its Impact on the Historiography of the Second World War 全球阴谋？柏林-东京-罗马轴心的审判及其对二战史学的影响

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004004

Daniel Hedinger

{"title":"A Global Conspiracy? The Berlin – Tokyo – Rome Axis on Trial and its Impact on the Historiography of the Second World War","authors":"Daniel Hedinger","doi":"10.1177/1611-89442016014004004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1611-89442016014004004","url":null,"abstract":"The Tokyo and Nuremberg tribunals led to the disappearance of the Axis alliance. In this process, a domestication of the past commenced in both Germany and Japan as the memory of the war became regionalised and, above all, nationalised. This has had paradoxical consequences to this day: we have been left with a history of the Second World War in which the world has been left out. This article argues that the starting point for these developments is to be found in the judicial logic of the proceedings, particularly in how the charge of a global conspiracy against peace was applied and finally rejected at Nuremberg and Tokyo. The «judicial model» pre-empted many of the later historiographical debates. As is shown, those tribunals also generated the sources that proved to be of fundamental importance for historiography in the decades that followed. The argument is made that we should not merely see the Axis through the prism of the tribunals. Rather, the «judicial model» should be discarded and the focus shifted to the complex, interacting and transnational relations between Germany, Italy and Japan before 1945. What then becomes apparent is a global Axis moment in the interwar period. This will help us better understand the worldwide entanglements from which the Second World War originated.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free Movement in Postwar Europe: Exploring a Multivalent Concept. Introduction 战后欧洲的自由运动：探索一个多价值概念。介绍

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241307766

Patricia Hertel, Sasha D Pack

引用次数: 0