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‘To the Homeland’: Settler Monument, Memory and the Finnish Colony of Petsamo on the Finnish–Russian Borderlands 《致祖国》：芬兰-俄罗斯边境上的定居者纪念碑、记忆和芬兰的佩特萨莫殖民地
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251348777
Janne Lahti
{"title":"‘To the Homeland’: Settler Monument, Memory and the Finnish Colony of Petsamo on the Finnish–Russian Borderlands","authors":"Janne Lahti","doi":"10.1177/16118944251348777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251348777","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a set of entanglements between settler memory and a monument in a nation that does not acknowledge that it ever had a colonial history. It looks at the efforts of exiled Finnish settlers to keep alive the memory of Petsamo as ‘their homeland’ through a monument they set up in Ivalo, Northern Finland, in 1985. Before being forced out of Petsamo, a province on the Arctic Ocean, by the Soviet Union in 1944, Finnish settlers tried to reshape Petsamo from a multi-ethnic borderland into a Finnish homeland for over two decades. Their settler memory is inscribed on and funnelled through this Ivalo monument, via claims of belonging and connection to a lost homeland. The monument set up by the settlers is meant to speak to their specific stories, their version of the past and of themselves. It serves settler purposes, declaring settler belonging to the broader public, to the nation and even to the world. It maintains and channels settler memory to future generations and remains uncontested and largely ignored in today's Finland.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Histories of the European Parliament during the Cold War: Transnational Democracy in the Making? 冷战时期欧洲议会的历史：正在形成的跨国民主？
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251349327
Wolfram Kaiser
{"title":"Histories of the European Parliament during the Cold War: Transnational Democracy in the Making?","authors":"Wolfram Kaiser","doi":"10.1177/16118944251349327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251349327","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces and discusses the incipient historiography of the European Parliament. It argues that more systematic research in this direction has strong potential to overcome limitations of research both on European integration and the member states. It can encourage and support those working on national history, or histories, to leave their intellectual ghettos and explore both vertical and horizontal connections in contemporary European history. Researching and writing about the history of the European Parliament can also contribute to a broader interdisciplinary debate about transnational democracy beyond the state, in what is now the highly institutionalised and legally integrated European Union. Focussing on the period of the Cold War, the article sets out a research agenda for addressing the internal politics of the European Parliament, its role in post-war European democracy and polity-building; and its underrated contribution to the Europeanization of policymaking. What could result is, befitting for a pluralistic democratic institution, not one, but several histories of the European Parliament and transnational democracy.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vanished Institutions: The Life and Death of Europe's International Organisations – Introduction 消失的机构：欧洲国际组织的生与死——导论
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251332095
Kiran Klaus Patel, Kenneth Weisbrode
{"title":"Vanished Institutions: The Life and Death of Europe's International Organisations – Introduction","authors":"Kiran Klaus Patel, Kenneth Weisbrode","doi":"10.1177/16118944251332095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251332095","url":null,"abstract":"Why do international organisations die? Their causes of death deserve attention and analysis. Europe in the 20th century with its plenitude of international organisations provides a rich ground for studying why some of them died, why some lived, why some were resurrected from near-death and why some survive as institutional shells, or zombies. The introduction to this special issue summarises the cases that follow in order to discern a pattern or logic of institutional death in modern European history. A pattern is elusive because causal and conditional factors are almost impossible to separate in cases of institutional death. Yet they show that, in contrast to state collapse, international organisations more often die from without – that is, for external, contextual reasons – than from within. However powerful some external factors, such as war, can be, institutional death is rarely predetermined. In one form or another international organisations possess a strong will to live.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"282 1","pages":"116-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NATO’s ‘Near Death’ and the Study of ‘Vanishing Institutions’ 北约“濒临死亡”与“消失的机构”研究
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331411
Seth A Johnston
{"title":"NATO’s ‘Near Death’ and the Study of ‘Vanishing Institutions’","authors":"Seth A Johnston","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331411","url":null,"abstract":"A newly elected president declares NATO ‘obsolete’ and announces his country's withdrawal from parts of the transatlantic Alliance. Some European leaders fear a more complete abandonment. Although France remained a treaty ally after Charles de Gaulle's 1966 announcement, this episode remains the most significant rejection of NATO's organisation in its history. And yet, the potentially fatal crisis catalysed adaptations in the Alliance so successful that they endured through the end of the Cold War. This case offers lessons about institutional endurance in the face of such crisis. NATO adapted boldly, but also prudently; slowly perhaps, but effectively. The high politics of competing national interests and the high stakes of nuclear deterrence demanded change but could not afford catastrophe. How institutions adapt – and by whom – can mean the difference between vanishing and revitalising.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"35 1","pages":"246-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fascist Internationalism: From a Vanished Institution to a Failed Concept? 法西斯国际主义：从消失的制度到失败的概念？
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331427
Daniel Hedinger
{"title":"Fascist Internationalism: From a Vanished Institution to a Failed Concept?","authors":"Daniel Hedinger","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331427","url":null,"abstract":"During the early 1930s, a number of fascist international organisations emerged in Europe and East Asia. Italy's ambition to universalise fascism led to the establishment of the Action Committees for the Universality of Rome (Comitati d’Azione per l’Universalità di Roma, CAUR) in mid-1933. Meanwhile, some months earlier, Japan's continental expansion and the founding of Manchukuo brought about the creation of the Greater Asia Association (Dai Ajia Kyōkai). For a moment, it seemed that the time had come for a proper fascist international aimed at an ultranationalist revision of the League of Nations and at fighting the Comintern on a global level. During the 1930s, fascist internationalism was the ideology-driven motor beyond such projects. However, by the latter half of the decade, all of them had failed. In Europe, heightened competition between Germany and Italy left little space for a pan-European fascist organisation. In Asia, the colonial context of the region and Japan's expansion placed almost insurmountable obstacles in the way of an East Asian fascist international, and it turned out that the connection between the two centres of gravitation in Asia and Europe would not be established through any kind of fascist international organisation. This article discusses how and why the fascist internationals of the early 1930s vanished, stressing that, in the end, the rising Axis alliance was much more driven by transimperial radicalisation. In other words, Italy, Germany and Japan did not rely on a proper fascist international institution to plunge the world into a new world war. Nonetheless, as this article shows, the manner of the failure and vanishing of fascist internationalism is essential in understanding the scope and nature of global fascism in the interwar years.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European Lives and Deaths – Atlantic Revival? The Europeanness of the League of Nations’ Protracted Demise 欧洲人的生死——大西洋复兴？国际联盟（League of Nations）长期消亡的欧洲特征
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331415
Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Haakon Andreas Ikonomou
{"title":"European Lives and Deaths – Atlantic Revival? The Europeanness of the League of Nations’ Protracted Demise","authors":"Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Haakon Andreas Ikonomou","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331415","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we revisit the story of the League of Nations’ (1919–1946) death. Throughout its existence, the League served as an instrument for a series of important experiments in organising European politics and negotiating Europe's place in the wider global order. To understand the League's demise and legacy, we need to study these different conceptions of Europe, their shortcomings, failures and legacies. The article explores three such conceptions: (1) the Eurocentric civilisational order that played a foundational role in the early 1920s; (2) the European regional agenda that rose to prominence as a product of the French-German rapprochement of the late 1920s; and (3) the new technocratic visions of regional European cooperation that were associated with a deteriorating international political climate in the 1930s. The Atlantic heritage, with the transfer of experiences, functions and personnel from the League to the UN during and after the World War II, is addressed in the article's fourth and final sections. Our argument is that these European visions were attempts to manage the turbulent and skewed post-war world order by an Eurocentric organisation that from its very inception was hampered by the fact that one of its chief designers, namely the United States, opted not to join. In a broader perspective, we show that in order to understand how international organisations die, we should work with a deeper historical perspective that considers the effects of their various life stages.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Quiet End of the Front-Runner: The Expiry of the European Coal and Steel Community 领跑者的悄然终结：欧洲煤钢共同体的终结
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251331428
Tobias Witschke
{"title":"The Quiet End of the Front-Runner: The Expiry of the European Coal and Steel Community","authors":"Tobias Witschke","doi":"10.1177/16118944251331428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251331428","url":null,"abstract":"The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was the first and most notable post-war supranational community advancing the process of European integration. It is also the only such community which ceased to exist after 50 years, as laid down in its founding treaty. Based on archival research, this article reviews the discussion on the future of the ECSC Treaty within the European institutions held at the beginning of the 1990s, which confirmed the expiry date of 2002. It challenges the view, expressed even within European institutions, that the Treaty expired because of outdated legal provisions, as these were in fact still used and applied in the 1980s, especially during the European steel crisis. However, this discussion produced no compelling reason why the European coal and steel industries should not be integrated into the general EU common market after 2002, also in view of the upcoming enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe. In fact, even after its disappearance, the ECSC's financial legacy continued to contribute to EU policy objectives.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Justice after the 20th Century. Edited by Martin Conway and Camilo Erlichman 20世纪后的社会正义。Martin Conway和Camilo Erlichman编辑
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/16118944251315934
Martin Conway, Camilo Erlichman, Sandrine Kott, Ido de Haan, Adrian Grama, Felix Römer
{"title":"Social Justice after the 20th Century. Edited by Martin Conway and Camilo Erlichman","authors":"Martin Conway, Camilo Erlichman, Sandrine Kott, Ido de Haan, Adrian Grama, Felix Römer","doi":"10.1177/16118944251315934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251315934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forum II H ow to Write Modern European History Today? Statements to Jörn Leonhard’s JMEH-Forum 论坛二今天如何书写欧洲近代史？对Jörn莱昂哈德jmeh论坛的声明
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004002
Michel Espagne, Jonas Kreienbaum, Frederic Cooper, Christoph Conrad, Philipp Ther
{"title":"Forum II H ow to Write Modern European History Today? Statements to Jörn Leonhard’s JMEH-Forum","authors":"Michel Espagne, Jonas Kreienbaum, Frederic Cooper, Christoph Conrad, Philipp Ther","doi":"10.1177/1611-89442016014004002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1611-89442016014004002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Legal Moment in International History: Global Perspectives on Doing Law and Writing History in Nuremberg and Tokyo, 1945–1948. 国际历史上的法律时刻：纽伦堡和东京，1945-1948年，法律研究和历史写作的全球视角。
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/1611-89442016014004003
Daniel Hedinger, Daniel Siemens
{"title":"The Legal Moment in International History: Global Perspectives on Doing Law and Writing History in Nuremberg and Tokyo, 1945–1948.","authors":"Daniel Hedinger, Daniel Siemens","doi":"10.1177/1611-89442016014004003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1611-89442016014004003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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