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Legitimising Occupation: The Quest for Popular Consent during the British Occupation of Germany, 1945–1949 占领合法化：1945-1949年英国占领德国期间对民众同意的追求
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265584
Camilo Erlichman, Christopher Knowles
{"title":"Legitimising Occupation: The Quest for Popular Consent during the British Occupation of Germany, 1945–1949","authors":"Camilo Erlichman, Christopher Knowles","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265584","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the quest for legitimacy and popular consent during the British occupation of north-western Germany between 1945 and 1949. It does so through an analysis of two major propaganda campaigns that sought to publicly legitimise the British occupation at home and in Germany: ‘Germany under Control’, a large-scale exhibition put on display in London in 1946; and ‘Operation Stress’, the largest propaganda campaign in the British Zone, run in 1948 to legitimise food policies. Through an investigation of the internal rationale amongst British policymakers, the objectives behind the campaigns, the popular reception, and the broader outcomes, the article shows that both campaigns ended in failure and did not succeed in convincing the population of the need to maintain British rule in Germany. Propaganda was an ineffective tool to generate popular legitimacy at a time of austerity at home and severe material suffering in the British zone of occupation. As such, the British authorities encountered populations whose ‘moral economy’ and expectations from government were fundamentally opposed to the maintenance of the occupation. Both campaigns, therefore, epitomise the pitfalls of propaganda campaigns when facing bitter social realities and demonstrate the intricacies of the quest for legitimacy during military occupations.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sceptics, Enthusiasts, or Architects? The British Labour Group, the European Parliament and Workers’ Rights, 1979–1989 怀疑论者、狂热者还是建筑师？英国工党集团、欧洲议会与工人权利，1979-1989 年
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265585
William King
{"title":"Sceptics, Enthusiasts, or Architects? The British Labour Group, the European Parliament and Workers’ Rights, 1979–1989","authors":"William King","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265585","url":null,"abstract":"The European Parliament influenced policy, and was a forum for the airing and sharing of a wide array of views and approaches to forms of European integration. Often conflicted and divided, members of the British Labour Group, comprising of the elected Labour Party representatives to the European Parliament, viewed the European Economic Community as a key platform and means through which workers’ rights could be supported. And many Labour Party Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), including sceptics, enthusiasts and those whose views changed, played a part in shaping the European Economic Community. This was particularly so with workers’ rights, an area which was central to the Labour Party, the European Parliament and the European Economic Community in the 1980s. The European Parliament was an instrumental institution in terms of building ties across borders and shaping and changing perspectives on key policy areas.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mediterranean Farmers and Alternative Europes: Resistance, Europeanisation and CAP Reforms in Italy and France (mid-1970s to mid-1980s) 地中海农民与另类欧洲：意大利和法国的抵制、欧洲化和 CAP 改革（20 世纪 70 年代中期至 80 年代中期）
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265576
Antonio Carbone
{"title":"Mediterranean Farmers and Alternative Europes: Resistance, Europeanisation and CAP Reforms in Italy and France (mid-1970s to mid-1980s)","authors":"Antonio Carbone","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265576","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the active participation and, in some cases, resistance of farmers’ associations in Italy and France to European integration from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. The article examines, firstly, how Italian associations became active, due to their faltering relationship with the Christian Democrats, in searching new forms of political influence through more radical methods of mobilisation. Secondly, through the case of the so-called wine war between France and Italy, the article reveals how resistance to European Economic Community (EEC) reform and even other EEC member states could lead to forms of Europeanisation: exchanges between European organisations reflected shared resistance to specific policies, creating new arenas for collaboration. The analysis of the French–Italian case also offers an opportunity to explore the contrast between agriculture in the Mediterranean and northern countries in the EEC, showing complex Europeanisation dynamics in which both solidarity and competition become evident. Challenging the notion of a ‘permissive consensus’, this article aims to dismantle the notion of a conflict-free past in the history of European integration. In this regard, it underscores the multifaceted nature of European integration, marked by continual clashes and compromises, and provides a critical lens for interpreting the present state of the Brussels institutions.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: Historical Perspectives on Criticisms of European Integration 导言：欧洲一体化批评的历史视角
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241266708
Philipp Müller, Christina von Hodenberg
{"title":"Introduction: Historical Perspectives on Criticisms of European Integration","authors":"Philipp Müller, Christina von Hodenberg","doi":"10.1177/16118944241266708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241266708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Europeanization of Honour: Wehrmacht Veterans and European Integration in the 1950s 荣誉的欧洲化：20 世纪 50 年代德国国防军退伍军人与欧洲一体化
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265575
Alexander Hobe
{"title":"The Europeanization of Honour: Wehrmacht Veterans and European Integration in the 1950s","authors":"Alexander Hobe","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265575","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the Europeanization of West German associations of Wehrmacht veterans in the 1950s. Using archival sources concerning the foundation of a European veterans’ umbrella organisation, the article argues that the veterans’ attempts at political reassertion in the post-war decades cannot be understood without accounting for their European dimension. Indeed, the veterans considered their European outreach to be a core pillar of their ‘politics of honour’, which manifested itself mainly in the agitation for the war criminals in Allied custody. Thus, aiming to establish themselves as effective and legitimate interest representatives, the veterans Europeanized. This process was consciously modelled after the ongoing process of integration while simultaneously exhibiting distinct characteristics stemming from the veterans themselves. The article tracks the veterans’ transnational interactions, their competitive dynamics in West German associational politics and the veterans’ associational interests to explain their specific form of an alternative Europeanization.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Debating Europe Transnationally: The Council of European Industrial Federations and the Struggle over European Integration, 1950–1962 跨国辩论欧洲：欧洲工业联合会理事会与欧洲一体化之争，1950-1962 年
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265577
Katharina Troll
{"title":"Debating Europe Transnationally: The Council of European Industrial Federations and the Struggle over European Integration, 1950–1962","authors":"Katharina Troll","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265577","url":null,"abstract":"European integration has been promoted, shaped and criticised by a variety of actors in different frameworks since 1945. Non-state actors such as employers’ associations became involved in this process very early on and, contrary to the widespread assumption in political science, created or revived transnational business associations in order to debate and shape the development of European integration from the second half of the 1940s. One of these platforms was the Council of European Industrial Federations (CEIF), which was founded in 1949 and consisted of representatives of all the national peak employers’ associations from the member states of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). It officially advised the OEEC and represented European industry. The article analyses transnational business associations’ conflictual engagement with European integration and ‘Europe’ on the basis of the CEIF's Europeanisation process in the 1950s. It argues that contestation acted as a main driver of Europeanisation and that the early period of European integration must be understood as one of fights over different ‘Europes’. However, it also shows that ‘Europe’ must be understood as a fluid category that was used in various ways and imbued with a range of meanings by economic actors in different circumstances.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lawyers against European Union: The Maastricht Judicial Review 1992–1993 律师反对欧洲联盟：1992-1993 年马斯特里赫特司法审查
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241265580
David Lawton
{"title":"Lawyers against European Union: The Maastricht Judicial Review 1992–1993","authors":"David Lawton","doi":"10.1177/16118944241265580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241265580","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that lawyers were important agents in the remaking of British Euroscepticism during the Maastricht treaty period and should be written into its history. It offers new subject matter, exploring how and why lawyers challenged the Maastricht treaty through the English courts. From its initial preparation to its ultimate failure, the legal case fused together a defence of high ideals, like the sovereignty of Parliament, with specific critiques of European ‘Union’; it invoked ideas of British and English exceptionalism, while building alliances across Europe, forging transnational connections between Eurosceptic lawyers across member states. Drawing from an unexplored archive of the legal team's court preparations and correspondence preserved by William Rees-Mogg, this study reveals the hidden role lawyers played in contesting the European Union.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Montenegrins in the Ottoman Empire as ‘Enemy Aliens’ during World War I (1914–1918) 第一次世界大战（1914-1918 年）期间奥斯曼帝国境内作为 "敌国侨民 "的黑山人
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241266046
Uğur Özcan
{"title":"Montenegrins in the Ottoman Empire as ‘Enemy Aliens’ during World War I (1914–1918)","authors":"Uğur Özcan","doi":"10.1177/16118944241266046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241266046","url":null,"abstract":"With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro, which no longer shared a border due to the shifted territories following the Balkan Wars (1912–13), faced each other as belligerents in two different coalitions (the Entente and the Central powers). Throughout this process, Montenegrin citizens, both Muslim and non-Muslim, living in the Ottoman territories and working in various fields, suddenly found themselves as enemy subjects. This article analyses what it was like for Montenegrins living in the Ottoman territory during the war by assessing their legal status, naturalisation, internment and the security measures taken against them. In the light of Ottoman archival documents and within the framework of the concept of enemy aliens, this article examines just how the war affected these forgotten citizens of Montenegro – who have long been overlooked and overshadowed in scholarly works by the subjects of the Great Powers – and how the Ottoman administration treated them in the context of state security.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forum: Theoretical Concepts of Shaping the Memory, edited by Sabina Ferhadbegović and Katerina Králová 论坛：塑造记忆的理论概念》，Sabina Ferhadbegović 和 Katerina Králová 编辑
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241248961
{"title":"Forum: Theoretical Concepts of Shaping the Memory, edited by Sabina Ferhadbegović and Katerina Králová","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/16118944241248961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241248961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Responding to Mass Atrocities in Southeast Europe: History and Memory of World War II and Its Aftermath in European Perspective. Introduction 应对东南欧大规模暴行：从欧洲视角看二战及其后果的历史与记忆》。导言
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944241244449
Kateřina Králová, Sabina Ferhadbegović
{"title":"Responding to Mass Atrocities in Southeast Europe: History and Memory of World War II and Its Aftermath in European Perspective. Introduction","authors":"Kateřina Králová, Sabina Ferhadbegović","doi":"10.1177/16118944241244449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944241244449","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the complex historical and memory landscape of Southeast Europe in connection with the Second World War and its aftermath. In what ways have responses to mass atrocities in the region been shaped, how have they permeated public discourse, and to what extent have they been reflected in the entangled Balkan history? By analysing occupation, genocide, resistance, collaboration, justice, and memory, this introduction lays the ground for exploring the divergent interpretations of events that continue to influence contemporary attitudes toward reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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