Journal of Modern European History最新文献_第10页

Gendered Analysis of Hindutva Imaginaries: Manipulation of Symbols for Ethnonationalist Projects 印度教想象的性别分析:民族民族主义项目的符号操纵

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110725

Mrinal Pande

{"title":"Gendered Analysis of Hindutva Imaginaries: Manipulation of Symbols for Ethnonationalist Projects","authors":"Mrinal Pande","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110725","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980s, feminist scholars have explored the dynamic linkages between nationalism and gender. Case studies have shown representations of women as reproducers, transmitters of culturally sanctioned behaviour, signifiers of ethnic groups and markers of national identity and honour. The emergence of social media created a new digital arena for the circulation of tropes related to gender and nationalism, and the recent rise of Hindu nationalism in India was reflected and perpetuated in social media. This article explores several memes in the intersecting discourse of gender and Hindu nationalism and investigates memes, tweets, Facebook posts and hashtags that were used on social media during the general elections held in India in 2019. Such media content reveals the extent to which nationalist projects relied on gender norms. Although there is no fixed pattern in terms of how gender shapes memes and digital images, we can identify gendered ideologies of nationalism that embrace patriarchal forms of social organization. The article shows that current online discourses of Hindu nationalism often perpetuate patterns of heteronormative, hegemonic masculinity embedded in satire and jokes. Though women's participation and visibility are on the rise in the Global South, sexism and misogyny manifest as mediatized satire in political memes.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"407 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48400814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Volk and Family: National Socialist Legacies and Gender Concepts in the Rhetoric of the Alternative for Germany 民族与家庭:德国另类修辞中的国家社会主义遗产与性别概念

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110713

I. Heinemann

{"title":"Volk and Family: National Socialist Legacies and Gender Concepts in the Rhetoric of the Alternative for Germany","authors":"I. Heinemann","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110713","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses how the Alternative for Germany (AfD) conflated images of the traditional family with the nation and a racially-defined notion of ‘Volk’, consciously repackaging terms from the 1930s for current political use. Taking a comparative and historical perspective, the article situates the family rhetoric and policies of the AfD in the historical debates on family, reproduction, and women that characterized Germany from the post-war period to the early 21st century. Exploring how the AfD sought to portray and regulate women's roles and reproductive decision-making, the article argues that the party sought to produce an authentic take on family and gender politics, the racism of which went practically unchallenged. It presents four analytical dimensions to grasp the specific biologist family-centrism and anti-gender approach of the AfD in comparison to National Socialism family rhetoric and policies. Sources come from official party platforms, less formal speeches and social media content of party representatives, newspaper coverage and reports by the German Intelligence Service, Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"371 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ‘Conspiracy of Homosexualisation’: Homosexuality and Anti-Semitism in the United States, 1970s–1990s “同性恋化的阴谋”:1970 - 1990年代美国的同性恋与反犹太主义

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110474

Kristoff Kerl

{"title":"The ‘Conspiracy of Homosexualisation’: Homosexuality and Anti-Semitism in the United States, 1970s–1990s","authors":"Kristoff Kerl","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110474","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the far-right idea of a Jewish-led ‘conspiracy of homosexualisation’ between the 1970s and the late 1990s. To this end, it primarily scrutinizes the monthly magazine Instauration, edited by Wilmot Robertson. Embedded in a broader narrative that claimed that a Jewish-led regime of ‘liberal-minority racism’ would discriminate against white people in general and White men in particular, white nationalists and white supremacists such as Robertson imagined sexual politics as an important field of anti-white oppression. In addition to feminism and ‘miscegenation’, the promotion of ‘homosexual rights’ and the spread of homosexuality were conceived of as another means of Jews to undermine the white patriarchal family, which white nationalists and supremacists idealized as the backbone of the nation's well-being. Conceiving of homosexuality as a threat to white people and ‘white reproduction’, white nationalists and white supremacists claimed that the alleged struggle for ‘homosexual rights’ constituted a strategy used by Jews to maintain their supposed social, cultural and economic power and dominance.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"352 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44258718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflexive Fascism in the Age of History Memes 历史模因时代的反身法西斯主义

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110451

S. Strick

{"title":"Reflexive Fascism in the Age of History Memes","authors":"S. Strick","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110451","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary reactions to neofascist movements for the most part focus on national contexts, and frequently pursue a simplistic argument about a dangerous ‘repetition of history’. Warning that historical fascism might rise again like a revenant, commentators miss the fundamentally altered strategies of fascist actors in the era of digital communication and agitation. Introducing the critical term reflexive fascism, this article presents examples from Alt-Right ‘meme’ agitation to argue that ‘reflexive fascism’ presents a historiographic distortion: contemporary neofascist actors remake, revise and warp the very conceptions of post-war history and historical scholarship. Far from constituting a mere relapse into earlier states of history, the ‘fascisms’ currently erupting in many parts of the world and the internet are highly reflexive, self-referential, and include active re-imaginings of historical fascism and the institutional and discursive responses to it. Contemporary fascism is discussed as a reflexive undertaking that remakes post-war histories and democracies as ‘risk productions’ for ethnically understood nation states. It aspires not only to authoritarian desires, but agitates through a ‘bottom-up’ production of feelings of ‘racial endangerment’ for white people. Reflexive fascism is a model that can be used to understand how this updated ‘fascism’ cannot be imagined as the constitutive other of democracy and capitalism, but rather unfolds within and through the affective and communicative channels of these systems.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"335 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Home as a Site of Exclusion: The Nazi Occupation, Housing Shortages and the Holocaust in France 作为排斥场所的家园：纳粹占领、住房短缺和法国大屠杀

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221095134

Shannon L. Fogg

{"title":"Home as a Site of Exclusion: The Nazi Occupation, Housing Shortages and the Holocaust in France","authors":"Shannon L. Fogg","doi":"10.1177/16118944221095134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221095134","url":null,"abstract":"During World War II, France faced a housing crisis with over 1.2 million dwellings destroyed or damaged. In addition to the destruction, the German occupiers requisitioned thousands of accommodations including some 6–7,000 locales in Paris. Anti-Jewish persecution forced thousands of Jews from their homes and the average non-Jewish French resident, facing their own housing issues, benefited from the availability of these vacated homes. Paris was the largest city in Europe under German occupation during the war and was home to the largest Jewish community in occupied Western Europe, but perhaps due to its size, we know relatively little about the daily interactions that centered on housing concerns. This article examines the strategies used to solve the housing crisis in France and demonstrates the ways in which housing and Jewish persecution were increasingly intertwined. With a particular focus on Paris, this article argues that a wide variety of individuals actively participated in exclusionary measures to improve their own housing situation. This challenges the view that the non-Jewish population ‘protected’ 75% of the Jews in France from deportation and death. It reveals, rather, the centrality of housing concerns in facilitating the Holocaust and the complicity of individuals in the exclusion of Jews for economic, ideological, and geographic reasons.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"167 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Die Rückkehr der Imperien? Putins Krieg und seine globalen Implikationen 帝国的回归？普京战争及其全球影响

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221095639

Dietmar Neutatz, Sabine Dabringhaus, Tim Krieger, Heinrich Kirschbaum, Elisabeth Piller, M. Arndt, J. Leonhard

引用次数: 1

The Social Scientist as Security Actor 作为安全行动者的社会科学家

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221091114

C. Krüger

{"title":"The Social Scientist as Security Actor","authors":"C. Krüger","doi":"10.1177/16118944221091114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221091114","url":null,"abstract":"Recent historiography has been more positive about the Wilhelmine German Empire, which long had a poor reputation. This might be partly due to the trend towards transnational history with a specific focus on transfer and exchange. This article argues that from such a perspective the re-evaluation of the German Empire may easily overshoot the mark. Focusing on a comparative study of Hamburg and London, it analyses a classic topic of transnational history—the field of science and social reform. However, by approaching it in the context of a history of security, the article provides a valuable corrective in the debate on the German Empire. It thereby also opens a new path for the history of security. Although security and knowledge are closely interrelated, this relationship has been rather neglected in the historiography. It is argued here that security concerns related to social unrest were a major factor that gave rise to the emergence of the social sciences at the turn of the 20th century. Social reformers and social scientists believed that supposedly neutral scientific knowledge was a prerequisite for resolving social conflicts. However, public acceptance of their expert status in security matters was far from self-evident. While they met fierce opposition in Hamburg, liberal and democratic traditions facilitated its acceptance in London.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"258 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45761747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Housing, Hiding and the Holocaust. Introduction 住房、藏匿和大屠杀。介绍

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221095133

Tatjana Tönsmeyer, J. von Puttkamer

引用次数: 0

Gunshots, Sociability and Community Defence. Shooting Associations in Imperial Germany and its Colonies 枪击、社会性和社区防卫。德意志帝国及其殖民地的射击协会

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221091113

N. Camilleri

{"title":"Gunshots, Sociability and Community Defence. Shooting Associations in Imperial Germany and its Colonies","authors":"N. Camilleri","doi":"10.1177/16118944221091113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221091113","url":null,"abstract":"Shooting associations represented one of the most popular expressions of sociability in Imperial Germany. Their club houses were to be found in large and medium-sized towns, in villages, and in overseas colonies, too. Middle class men would regularly gather to practice shooting and to organize competitions, activities characterized by clearly gendered rituals of social life. Based on values of loyalty to the Emperor and to fellow members, association life closely reflected the ideological agenda of the protestant Kaiserreich. Their popularity and pervasiveness earned shooting associations a place in George Mosse's groundbreaking work on the nationalization of the masses. Nevertheless, they have been mostly neglected in research on bourgeois sociability and on militarism. This article is the first scholarly attempt to study this form of associationism in Imperial Germany and its colonies. Having developed out of the old tradition of civic militias, shooting societies lost their primary policing and military function during the 19th century. However, community defence remained an essential task, which was viewed then as a moral and civil, rather than military, matter. The article examines the cultural and social aspects of shooting societies and relates this form of associationism to wider issues of military culture in the Kaiserreich.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"236 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Correct German Conduct?’ German Requisition Practices and their Impact on Norwegian Society during World War II “纠正德国人的行为?第二次世界大战期间德国的征用行为及其对挪威社会的影响

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221095621

Mary Fritsche

{"title":"‘Correct German Conduct?’ German Requisition Practices and their Impact on Norwegian Society during World War II","authors":"Mary Fritsche","doi":"10.1177/16118944221095621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221095621","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the German requisition and quartering practices in Norway in the light of international law and traces their impact on everyday relations between the enemies. With an average of 350,000 soldiers stationed in Norway, the German demand for housing was enormous. Space became a highly coveted resource. It was both the object of power struggles and a reflection of those struggles. The German seizure of private property exacerbated the existing housing shortage and was thus very unpopular. Yet the fact that the Wehrmacht also paid good money for requisitioned private properties and, for the most part, followed ‘proper’ procedure fostered acceptance of the measures. Moreover, the spatial proximity with quartered soldiers inevitably led to frequent contacts between the enemies and resulted in a rapprochement. Many autobiographical accounts of Norwegians lauded the Wehrmacht soldiers’ ‘proper’ or ‘correct’ behaviour and described the relations between Norwegians and German soldiers during the war as harmonious. The Norwegian narratives of the German occupation are thus highly ambivalent, oscillating between a positive assessment of the ordinary soldier, and condemnation of the occupation and Nazi rule. This ambivalence, the article argues, was both the result of German requisition policy, aimed to win popular support, and of the felt need to justify the close contacts with the Germans.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"199 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0