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The importance of centering harm in data infrastructures for ‘soft moderation’: X’s Community Notes as a case study 以数据基础设施中的危害为中心进行 "软节制 "的重要性：以 X 的社区笔记为例
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314399
Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández, Nadia Jude
{"title":"The importance of centering harm in data infrastructures for ‘soft moderation’: X’s Community Notes as a case study","authors":"Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández, Nadia Jude","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314399","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically examines the social implications of data infrastructures designed to moderate contested content categories such as disinformation. It does so in the context of new online safety regulation (e.g. the EU Digital Services Act) that pushes digital platforms to improve how they tackle both illegal and ‘legal but harmful’ content. In particular, we investigate and conceptualise X’s Community Notes, a tool that uses ‘human-AI cooperation’ to add context to tweets, as a data infrastructure for ‘soft moderation’. We find that Community Notes is limited when dealing with under-acknowledged online harms, such as those derived from the intersection between disinformation and humour. While research points to the potential of content moderation solutions that combine automation with humans-in-the-loop, we show how this approach can fail when disinformation is poorly defined in policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Architectures of assetization: Legacy infrastructures and the configuration of datafication in UK higher education
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314400
Kean Birch, Janja Komljenovic, Sam Sellar
{"title":"Architectures of assetization: Legacy infrastructures and the configuration of datafication in UK higher education","authors":"Kean Birch, Janja Komljenovic, Sam Sellar","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314400","url":null,"abstract":"We outline the concept of ‘architectures of assetization’ as a way to get at the political-economic configuration of datafication in higher education through the layering of educational technology (‘edtech’) onto existing, legacy infrastructures. Edtech provides a useful empirical object of study because of the increasing deployment of new digital technologies in educational organizations; our focus is on higher education institutions (i.e. universities) in the United Kingdom. The empirical analysis is split between a discussion of digital infrastructures and architectures of (data) assetization in higher education; the tensions arising between new digital infrastructures and legacy infrastructures in UK higher education institutions; and the implications of reconfiguring legacy infrastructures for UK universities. We pay particular attention to the creation of new techno-economic objects, especially the transformation of personal and user data into an asset, as datafication transforms higher education in unexpected and not necessarily beneficial ways.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
At the mercy of the objects, we study: Epistemic consequences of proprietary digital research infrastructures 任凭研究对象摆布：专有数字研究基础设施的认识论后果
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314397
Sofie Flensburg, Signe Sophus Lai, Jacob Ørmen
{"title":"At the mercy of the objects, we study: Epistemic consequences of proprietary digital research infrastructures","authors":"Sofie Flensburg, Signe Sophus Lai, Jacob Ørmen","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314397","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks how our capacities to conduct critical research on digital power are influenced by depending, empirically and methodologically, on powerful market actors controlling the underlying research infrastructure. Building on discussions at the intersection between digital methods, political economy and infrastructure studies, we zoom in on three cases of widely used commercial data tools and repositories for academic studies. Mapping out their methods and applications, we ask of each case: Who owns and offers it? What is (not) measured? And, how is it mobilized in existing research? We thereby explore how they each contribute to the construction of knowledge by setting the standards for measuring, monitoring and ultimately regulating digital power. We conclude that the constructions of digital research infrastructures should be placed at the centre of our investigations – as objects of analysis and as research findings in and by themselves.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyzing institutional platform power: Evolving relations of dependence in the mobile digital advertising ecosystem
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314405
David B Nieborg, Thomas Poell
{"title":"Analyzing institutional platform power: Evolving relations of dependence in the mobile digital advertising ecosystem","authors":"David B Nieborg, Thomas Poell","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314405","url":null,"abstract":"This article calls for systematic analysis of the accumulation and exercise of institutional platform power in the digital economy. We examine how the relatively open mobile advertising ecosystem is nevertheless dominated by a handful of platform conglomerates, most prominently Google, Facebook, and Apple. Although extant scholarship acknowledges the concentration of corporate power in digital advertising, as well as its cultural, societal, and environmental harms, a comprehensive approach to platform power is missing. Providing a framework to develop such insights, we analyze how shifts in the advertising ecosystem are driven by four interrelated institutional platform strategies: infrastructuralization, platformization, conglomeration, and financialization. The 2021 introduction and subsequent rollout of Apple’s App Tracking Transparency framework serves as an example to demonstrate that even though institutional relationships of dependence are constantly evolving, control over infrastructural nodes tends to entrench the already dominant position of leading platform conglomerates.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empirical approaches to infrastructures for datafication: Introduction to the special issue 数据化基础设施的经验方法：特刊简介
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314396
Jennifer Pybus, Stine Lomborg, Alessandro Gandini, Signe Sophus Lai
{"title":"Empirical approaches to infrastructures for datafication: Introduction to the special issue","authors":"Jennifer Pybus, Stine Lomborg, Alessandro Gandini, Signe Sophus Lai","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314396","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a special issue exploring emerging empirical approaches to studying infrastructures for datafication and their social, political, and economic implications. The merits of empirical research on infrastructures for datafication are drawn out across seven articles offering diverse methodological entry points to develop our understanding of how datafication processes operate across everyday life settings, sectors, and institutions. The contributions span multiple levels of infrastructural analysis, from tracking ecologies to digital platforms and chatbots. They also cover a range of core questions regarding the relationship and power dynamics between private and public institutions, and between big technology companies and everyday citizenhood. In illuminating how infrastructures for datafication operate, for whom and with what ends, the special issue extends a fruitful dialogue between infrastructure studies and people-centric approaches to datafication and opens avenues for infrastructure research across disciplines to create more coherent understandings of how specific technological operations shape social life.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public sector chatbots: AI frictions and data infrastructures at the interface of the digital welfare state 公共部门聊天机器人：数字福利国家界面上的人工智能摩擦和数据基础设施
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314394
Anne Kaun, Maris Männiste
{"title":"Public sector chatbots: AI frictions and data infrastructures at the interface of the digital welfare state","authors":"Anne Kaun, Maris Männiste","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314394","url":null,"abstract":"Chatbots have become a mundane experience for Internet users. Public sector institutions have recently been introducing more advanced chatbots. In this article, we consider two cases of public sector chatbots, one in Estonia and one in Sweden, seeking to challenge the seemingly coherent understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector. The aim is to both question the “thingness” of AI and show AI chatbots can be very different things. The material in this article is based on in-depth interviews and observations at public sector institutions that have relatively recently implemented chatbots. We employ the notion of AI frictions as a sensitizing concept to engage with the material and the diverging character of the public sector chatbots in the two countries. In the analysis, we identify AI frictions related to expectations of AI, organizational logics, as well as values connected with the digitalization of the public sector.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tracking menopause: An SDK Data Audit for intimate infrastructures of datafication with ChatGPT4o
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251314401
Jennifer Pybus, Mina Mir
{"title":"Tracking menopause: An SDK Data Audit for intimate infrastructures of datafication with ChatGPT4o","authors":"Jennifer Pybus, Mina Mir","doi":"10.1177/14614448251314401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251314401","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel methodology to examine the tracking infrastructures that extend datafication across a sample of 14 menopause-related applications. The Software Development Kit (SDK) Data Audit is a mixed methodology that explores how personal data are accessed in apps using ChatGPT4o to account for how digital surveillance transpires via SDKs. Our research highlights that not all apps are equal amid ubiquitous datafication, with a disproportionate number of SDK services provided by Google, Meta, and Amazon. Our three key findings include: (1) an empirical approach for auditing SDKs; (2) a means to account for modular SDK infrastructure; and (3) the central role that App Events—micro-data points that map every action we make inside of apps—play in the data-for-service economy that SDKs enable. This work is intended to open up space for more critical research on the tracking infrastructures of datafication within our apps in any domain.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The journalists’ exodus: Navigating the transition from Twitter to Mastodon and other alternative platforms
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251321165
Yee Man Margaret Ng, Rik Ray
{"title":"The journalists’ exodus: Navigating the transition from Twitter to Mastodon and other alternative platforms","authors":"Yee Man Margaret Ng, Rik Ray","doi":"10.1177/14614448251321165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251321165","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how journalists are grappling with platform migration following Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitterin October 2022. Using a mixed-method approach that combines computational analysis of the activities of 861 journalists on Twitter and Mastodon with qualitative interviews of 11 active journalists, this study aims to (1) examine the extent to which journalists have exhibited different forms of Twitter disengagement post-acquisition; (2) identify the motivating and discouraging factors influencing their move, guided by the push-pull-mooring model; and (3) explore how journalists managed their online presence across platforms. The results indicated minimal Twitter non-use following Musk’s takeover, and full migration was not observed within a 6-month post-acquisition period. Factors such as the flood of fake news and the loss of the blue-tick verification served as push factors, while the appeal of Mastodon’s enhanced user control and stronger community values acted as pull factors. However, the practical reliance on Twitter’s functionalities, audience base, and professional obligations made total abandonment challenging.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explaining public communication change: A structure–actor model
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251321439
Philipp Müller
{"title":"Explaining public communication change: A structure–actor model","authors":"Philipp Müller","doi":"10.1177/14614448251321439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251321439","url":null,"abstract":"Public communication change (PCC) is often studied in communication research with a somewhat narrow conceptual focus, for instance, either on the contingency or on the determination of communication development. I argue that instead of considering the various extant theoretical approaches as competing and irreconcilable, the field should strive for a holistic understanding that helps integrate them. I consider PCC as a process that unfolds over time in complex multilevel dynamics between macro-level structural transformations and the decisions and resulting behaviors of individual and collective actors. I propose a structure–actor model of PCC that accounts for both, determined and contingent processes simultaneously. It is also able to explain the emergence of paradox phenomena and collective misjudgments despite better knowledge. I conclude by using examples from the context of the “filter bubble” phenomenon to illustrate the heuristic value of the developed model and sketch an empirical research agenda that follows from its arguments.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Locked among inequalities: A study of children’s digital experiences and digital divide during the COVID-19 pandemic
IF 5 1区 文学
New Media & Society Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251321779
Daniel Calderón-Gómez, Massimo Ragnedda, Maria Laura Ruiu
{"title":"Locked among inequalities: A study of children’s digital experiences and digital divide during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Daniel Calderón-Gómez, Massimo Ragnedda, Maria Laura Ruiu","doi":"10.1177/14614448251321779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251321779","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines children’s digital experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic as a specific aspect of digital divide. Utilizing a survey of 2004 English parents aged 20–55 years, the study explores how various factors – including household living conditions, parents’ sociodemographic status and sociotechnical variables such as children’s usage frequency and intensity, expenditure on technology and parents’ digital skills – affected different dimensions of children’s digital experiences during the lockdown. These dimensions include academic performance, connectivity issues, social interaction, feelings of isolation, problematic use and social support. The findings reveal distinct age-related trends, with older children more frequently engaging in online socialization. In addition, the study highlights a correlation between more favourable household socioeconomic conditions and improved digital experiences for children.","PeriodicalId":19149,"journal":{"name":"New Media & Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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