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Child Welfare Exhibitions in Delhi (1920, 1924-1932): Motherhood, Public Health and Colonial Government. 德里儿童福利展览（1920年，1924-1932年）：母性、公共卫生和殖民政府。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-11 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae050
Laura Carballido-Coria
{"title":"Child Welfare Exhibitions in Delhi (1920, 1924-1932): Motherhood, Public Health and Colonial Government.","authors":"Laura Carballido-Coria","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The child welfare exhibitions in Delhi, held for the first time in 1920, and then from 1924 to 1932, aimed at educating mothers to look properly after their children hoping to reduce illness and mortality. These exhibitions are to be understood against two broad trends. One is a worldwide interest regarding maternal and infant mortality and a greater awareness regarding the relevance of hygiene and sanitation. The other is the set of particular concerns in India and Delhi. There was a shift in policy and language between the end of the decade of 1910 and the beginning of the decade of 1920, when sanitation acquired a new meaning which included not only drainage works or cleaning of streets, but also hygiene lessons and inspection at schools; when there was talk about public health, and greater emphasis on the role of the 'Indian public' and 'social service' in the colonial discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"373-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Open Body Closed: A Rationale for the Abandonment of Bloodletting, Based on Nineteenth-Century Swedish Medicine. 开放的身体封闭：19世纪瑞典医学放弃放血的基本原理。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae069
Annelie Drakman
{"title":"The Open Body Closed: A Rationale for the Abandonment of Bloodletting, Based on Nineteenth-Century Swedish Medicine.","authors":"Annelie Drakman","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article contains an analysis of the use and abandonment of bloodletting in Sweden 1820-1900. Close readings of over 8,000 yearly reports by Swedish provincial doctors and popular medical handbooks, journals and notes from medical societies have been used, as well as key word searches meant to illustrate overarching tendencies. One result is that quantitative balance between humours was not an aim of therapeutic bleeding in this context. Rather, bloodletting was mainly used to reinstate regular flows in a hydraulic model of the body. It is argued that a shift from focusing on smooth flows to seeing bleeding as blood loss marked a transformation of the medical imagination from working with an 'open', malleable body to a 'closed', fixed body. This helps explain why therapeutic bleeding, for millennia the most important practice in medical practitioners' arsenal, was silently abandoned decades before the breakthrough of bacteriology and scientific medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"270-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Native Administration Sanitary Inspectors and the British Colonial Hygiene Programme in Western Nigeria, c. 1930-1940s. 约1930-1940年代，尼日利亚西部当地行政卫生检查员和英国殖民卫生计划。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae070
Adebisi Alade
{"title":"Native Administration Sanitary Inspectors and the British Colonial Hygiene Programme in Western Nigeria, c. 1930-1940s.","authors":"Adebisi Alade","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores a colonial sanitation programme in Nigeria during the interwar period: the training and employment of Africans as sanitary inspectors to improve public health. From the early 1930-45, local health inspectors trained to educate the African public on modern hygiene principles emerged in a society where poverty made people pursue their changing personal interests in ways that challenged colonial laws and deviated from ethical standards governing behaviour in African society. In this landscape, some African sanitary inspectors and local chiefs articulated other meanings to the colonial hygiene project. Beyond the conventional racial analysis of colonial health, the article critiques the agentive role of local rulers and sanitary inspectors who shaped the health intervention. It concludes that by 1945, the well-intentioned programme had developed complications expected in an environment of budget restraint and economic hardship, transforming Yoruba towns into sites of power struggle between sanitary inspectors and the people.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"323-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A World of (In)difference? Social Inequalities Among Infants' Causes of Death in Mid-nineteenth-Century Amsterdam. 一个截然不同的世界？19世纪中期阿姆斯特丹婴儿死亡原因中的社会不平等。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae066
Sanne Muurling, Peter Ekamper
{"title":"A World of (In)difference? Social Inequalities Among Infants' Causes of Death in Mid-nineteenth-Century Amsterdam.","authors":"Sanne Muurling, Peter Ekamper","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status is among the most debated topics within historical demography. This article scrutinises social disparities in infant mortality and its underlying mechanisms in mid-nineteenth-century Amsterdam. We apply two methods of survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models and Fine-Grey competing risk models) on newly digitised individual-level cause-of-death data for infants born in 1856 combined with civil certificates and population register data. Through a comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, we bring to light important social differences in infants' mortality risks; hazard ratios for congenital and birth disorders during early post-neonatal infancy were over 50 per cent lower for Amsterdam's middle class than for unskilled workers. We argue that the social differentiation in infant mortality reflects stark intra-urban disparities in maternal health across social groups as well as a degree of medical ineffectiveness or even indifference structured along the same socioeconomic lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"291-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disseminated Knowledge: The Advancement of Finnish Occupational Medicine and Work Psychology in a Transnational Context, c. 1945-1952. 传播知识：跨国背景下芬兰职业医学和工作心理学的进步，约1945-1952年。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-12 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae067
Mona Mannevuo
{"title":"Disseminated Knowledge: The Advancement of Finnish Occupational Medicine and Work Psychology in a Transnational Context, c. 1945-1952.","authors":"Mona Mannevuo","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on the advancement of Finnish occupational medicine in the immediate post-war period, situating its development within a transnational context. Its objective is to offer insight into Finnish post-war industrial medicine and particularly developments in mental health care. The empirical methodology addresses a previously unexplored case study: the connections between the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) and Roffey Park Rehabilitation Centre, established in 1943 to address various cases of industrial neurosis. The case study sheds light on the ways in which FIOH adopted reformist ideas from transnational medical communities by aligning them with the needs of Finland's war reparations industry. The article argues that FIOH's experts advanced new theories of mental disorder for Finland's newly modern industrial society, and that these initiatives should be situated within broader transnational endeavours in the mental hygiene movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"249-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The New (White) Normal: Human Anatomy and the Naturalisation of White Bodies in British University Teaching, 1860-1910. 新（白人）标准：1860-1910年英国大学教学中的人体解剖学和白人身体的归化。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-11 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae049
Rebecca Martin
{"title":"The New (White) Normal: Human Anatomy and the Naturalisation of White Bodies in British University Teaching, 1860-1910.","authors":"Rebecca Martin","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discipline of human anatomy has often been overlooked in histories of race science in favour of comparative anatomy, anthropology, ethnography and statistics. However, understanding the historical relationship between human anatomy and race science is particularly important because of the discipline's central role, unlike its sister disciplines, in medical education. This article begins to redress this oversight, demonstrating that human anatomy played a key role in the development of nineteenth-century race science in Britain. This article considers three main elements of ideas about racial anatomical difference: the language of racial hierarchy, anatomists' location of racial difference within the body and the perpetuation of these ideas over time. In so doing, I argue that research into racial difference was demonstrably anatomical during the late nineteenth century, playing a key role in British anatomists' discipline-building processes, and that these ideas were present within the classroom, influencing generations of medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"127-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'The Advice of a Gent Who Died from Neglecting it': The Gentlemanly Pursuit of Knowledge Regarding Domestic Medicine in Kent c.1630-1800. 一位因忽视而死亡的绅士的建议"：1630-1800 年间肯特郡绅士对家庭医学知识的追求。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-08 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae041
Francesca Elizabeth Richards
{"title":"'The Advice of a Gent Who Died from Neglecting it': The Gentlemanly Pursuit of Knowledge Regarding Domestic Medicine in Kent c.1630-1800.","authors":"Francesca Elizabeth Richards","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>English gentlemen in the early modern period held ultimate responsibility for the health of their households. Building on previous studies which have revealed how both men and women of the gentry participated in remedy-collecting and some forms of caring duties as necessity demanded, this article situates gentlemanly interest in domestic medicine within familial, social and professional networks of knowledge and reading practices. Employing a micro-historical approach, this study explores the interests of Sir Henry Oxinden of Barham and his great-grandson, Lee Warly of Canterbury, who developed their medical knowledge by consulting female relatives, local acquaintances and medical texts. They assessed the value of physicians' advice and the appeal of new ingredients. This article thus contributes a significant case study to the historiography of domestic medicine, presenting the gentlemanly pursuit of medical knowledge for practical and academic purposes as an activity which enhanced male status within the family and community.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The 'Predelinquent' and the Community: Psychiatric Surveillance and Predictive Policing in Interwar Berkeley. “犯罪前期”和社区：两次世界大战之间伯克利的精神病学监测和预测性警务。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae057
John Shepherd
{"title":"The 'Predelinquent' and the Community: Psychiatric Surveillance and Predictive Policing in Interwar Berkeley.","authors":"John Shepherd","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through the 1920s and 1930s, the Berkeley Police Department, renowned as a centre of scientific training and investigation, developed new programmes of predictive policing targeting 'predelinquent' youth. Led by Chief August Vollmer, schools, charities, social services and families throughout Berkeley were coordinated in the ongoing detection of early signs of developing psychoses and personality disorders believed to lead to future criminality. Implying a malleable trajectory of habit formation which might be perverted or corrected, predelinquency warranted psychiatric surveillance across the community to assist Berkeley's police in identifying, mapping and correcting at-risk children. This paper examines how, through the psychiatric category of predelinquency, law enforcement enrolled the community in networks of pre-emptive surveillance with new responsibilities for reporting and correction. In turn, I examine how predelinquency shifted to accommodate various local priorities and anxieties, whereby predictive policing's conceptions of potential threat or improvability reproduced the boundaries of the normative American community.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"227-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contextualising Long Covid: Viral Sequelae, 'Post-Encephalitis' Lethargica and the Modern British Healthcare System, c. 1918-1945. 背景长冠：病毒后遗症，“后脑炎”嗜睡和现代英国医疗保健系统，约1918-1945。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-27 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae052
Kate McAllister
{"title":"Contextualising Long Covid: Viral Sequelae, 'Post-Encephalitis' Lethargica and the Modern British Healthcare System, c. 1918-1945.","authors":"Kate McAllister","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the months after March 2020, people across Britain began to seek medical attention for protracted illness following an infection with coronavirus disease 2019. Through the efforts of patients, these illnesses were eventually gathered into the diagnostic category of 'Long Covid' and therefore viewed as viral sequelae, in turn opening up the possibility for medical care and treatment in the British health system. This article adds to such patient-made knowledge of Long Covid through a comparative historical analysis with the problem of 'Post-Encephalitis' Lethargica (EL). In the early twentieth century, the viral sequelae of EL were parsed in line with and thus shaped by the binary divisions that were becoming used to structure healthcare in Britain. By telling this story of the past, this article provides a framework to understand if and how such administrative divisions within the National Health Service (NHS) might continue to inform perceptions of and responses to Long Covid in the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"37 4","pages":"737-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PlayDoc M.D.: Sexual Harassment and Discrimination in US Medical Schools in the 1960s and 1970s. PlayDoc m.d.: 1960年代和1970年代美国医学院的性骚扰和歧视。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-26 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae044
Elizabeth Evens
{"title":"PlayDoc M.D.: Sexual Harassment and Discrimination in US Medical Schools in the 1960s and 1970s.","authors":"Elizabeth Evens","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since women's entrance to the historically male-dominated medical profession in small numbers in the nineteenth century, they faced numerous exclusions and obstacles. In the 1960s and 1970s, as the number of women attending co-educational medical schools increased significantly, male students and faculty members responded with renewed opposition by deploying hypersexualised innuendo including references to <i>Playboy</i> magazine. This article brings together a range of material, including <i>Playboy</i>, student yearbooks, teaching materials, contemporary studies and oral histories, to document the masculine heterosexual peer culture that pervaded US medical schools, where sexual innuendo and centrefold-style images were commonplace. This learning environment influenced male students, perpetuating harmful views about women and fostering camaraderie at the expense of their female colleagues. These experiences also impacted female students, who confronted and negotiated encounters with sexual harassment, while balancing study, career ambitions and personal wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"37 4","pages":"693-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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