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'Made in the Galleries of His Most Serene Highness, Florence'. Conflicts in instrument invention at the Medici court: the pendulum clock, and the Accademia del Cimento. 佛罗伦萨至尊殿下画廊制造"。美第奇宫廷乐器发明的冲突：摆钟和手工艺学院。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2426814
Cristiano Zanetti
{"title":"<i>'Made in the Galleries of His Most Serene Highness, Florence'</i>. Conflicts in instrument invention at the Medici court: the pendulum clock, and the Accademia del Cimento.","authors":"Cristiano Zanetti","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2426814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2426814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay proposes that the only publication of the Accademia del Cimento, referred to as <i>Saggi</i>,<sup>1</sup>1 Accademia del Cimento, <i>Saggi di naturali esperienze fatte nell' Accademia del Cimento sotto la protezione del serenissimo principe Leopoldo di Toscana e descritte dal segretario di essa Accademia</i> (Firenze: Per Giuseppe Cocchini, 1667). had as one of its main goals the celebration of the House of Medici's paternity of cutting-edge experiments and instruments during the reign of Grand Duke Ferdinando II. These included Ferdinando II's thermometers and hygrometers, Torricelli's experiment and barometer, and Galileo's pendulum as a clock-regulator. It seems that this agenda went unnoticed, not at the time of its initial circulation, but rather in modern historiography. Christiaan Huygens's challenged invention of the pendulum clock provides a case study to explore the agenda of this publication and the problem of defining an invention in seventeenth-century Europe. This paper presents for the first time the document that attests to when the first specimen of Huygens's clock arrived in Florence, disproving the previously believed date of September 1657. The paper argues that over the last two centuries, this error has made the Medici narratives of this dispute appear inconsistent and marginalized them. In light of this new find, they must be reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Simon Mayr's alleged discovery of Jupiter's satellites. 关于西蒙-迈尔发现木星卫星的说法。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2229325
Gabriele Vanin
{"title":"On Simon Mayr's alleged discovery of Jupiter's satellites.","authors":"Gabriele Vanin","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2229325","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2229325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1614, the German astronomer Simon Mayr published his claim about the discovery of Jupiter's satellites. In his treatise <i>Mundus Jovialis</i>, Mayr made his assertion in a convoluted but unequivocal manner, earning resentment from Galileo Galilei, who published his harsh protest in 1623 in <i>Il Saggiatore</i>. Though Galileo's objections were fallacious in some respects, and though numerous scholars took to the field to prove Mayr's claim, none ever really succeeded, and the historical evidence remains to Mayr's detriment. On the basis of such historical evidence, including comparisons between <i>Mundus Jovialis</i> and Mayr's earlier works, Mayr's independent discovery of the satellites can be ruled out. Indeed, it is very likely that he never observed them before 30 December 1610, nearly a year after Galileo. The lack of a corpus of Mayr's observations and the inaccuracy of his tables are also puzzling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"451-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9807500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inventing the language of Things: the emergence of scientific reporting in seventeenth-century England. 发明事物的语言：十七世纪英国科学报告的出现。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2235364
Plamena Panayotova
{"title":"Inventing the language of <i>Things</i>: the emergence of scientific reporting in seventeenth-century England.","authors":"Plamena Panayotova","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2235364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2235364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a style of writing and a form of communication, the modern scientific report enables the creation, sharing and continuous updating of natural knowledge in such a manner that the idiosyncrasies of ordinary language are reduced to a minimum. This article examines how the standards for scientific reporting were 'born' in the seventeenth century and their legacy. The first part of the article reviews the existing literature on this topic. The second part outlines the key features of the scientific report and the common standards for scientific reporting. The third part presents detailed historical evidence to trace the emergence of these standards in seventeenth-century England. The final part discusses why the scientific report means so much for the progress of science, for understanding the history of science and science popularization, and even for the development of academia more generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"474-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction. 更正。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2346379
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2346379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2346379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"I"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The social agency of instruments of surveying and exploration c.1830-1930. 1830-1930 年间测量和勘探工具的社会中介。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2388602
Jane A Wess
{"title":"The social agency of instruments of surveying and exploration c.1830-1930.","authors":"Jane A Wess","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2388602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2388602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper utilizes the concept of the agency of material objects, proposed as a tenet by several historians of science in the late twentieth century. It argues that scientific instruments have agency in the field due to their value and fragility, both of which attributes served to dictate a social hierarchy of activity. Furthermore, the resulting numerical outputs served to discriminate between various groups. The principal focus is the role of instruments used by travellers sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society, London, but it also looks at the role of instruments on a larger triangulation; the project to survey the African part of the arc of the 30th meridian east of Greenwich. Seeing the instruments as material objects allows insights into the social arrangements and interactions taking place. It is argued that instruments, and the results of instrument use, entrenched existing power hierarchies, imparting greater prestige to those who were previously endowed with privilege. It is argued the instruments contributed to 'othering' both in the field and in the publications resulting from the expeditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gustave-Adolphe Hirn, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and the conservation of energy. 古斯塔夫-阿道夫-希恩，热的机械等价物和能量守恒。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353
Kenneth L Caneva
{"title":"Gustave-Adolphe Hirn, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and the conservation of energy.","authors":"Kenneth L Caneva","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alsatian engineer Gustave-Adolphe Hirn is best known to historians of science for his experimental determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, first published in 1855. Since the 1840s, that equivalent has been closely associated with the conservation of energy, indeed often conflated with it. Hirn was one of Thomas Kuhn's twelve 'pioneers' whose work he deemed relevant to the ostensible 'simultaneous discovery' of energy conservation. Yet Hirn never wholeheartedly embraced energy conservation. After reviewing his experimental work, his philosophical reflections, and his response to developments in heat theory, this article identifies three factors as having played central roles in this regard: Hirn's deepest concerns were ontological, not energetic; none of the concepts basic to his natural philosophy were appropriate stand-ins for a quantitatively conserved energy; and, accurately reflecting the most common interpretation of the principle of the conservation of energy from the 1860s on - as exemplified already by Helmholtz in 1847 - Hirn associated its corpuscular-mechanical underpinning with the despiritualizing materialism he saw as dominating contemporary science. Hence although Hirn's natural philosophy embraced sentiments quite in the spirit of the conservation of energy, he never explicitly subscribed to that principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vector: a surprising story of space, time, and mathematical transformation 矢量：关于空间、时间和数学变换的惊奇故事
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2384068
Craig Fraser
{"title":"Vector: a surprising story of space, time, and mathematical transformation","authors":"Craig Fraser","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2384068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2384068","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Annals of Science (Ahead of Print, 2024)","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery. 法国大革命时期的产科：围绕新产科手术的政治和医学争论。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436
Elena Danieli
{"title":"Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery.","authors":"Elena Danieli","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the French Revolution, obstetrics underwent substantial transformations in practice, teaching, and the physical spaces where it was conducted. The revolutionary authorities implemented reforms in French medical institutions that promoted an instrument-centred style and the dissemination of novel surgical techniques in obstetrics. The selection of professors for the obstetrics chair at the newly established École de santé and the appointment of chiefs for the new maternity ward in Paris favoured proponents of a mechanistic approach to labour assistance. This essay explores the theoretical principles and societal pressures that guided these transformative reforms and the remarkable changes they introduced in healthcare and in the practise of medicine and surgery. Furthermore, it examines the consolidation of new epistemological, ethical, and professional boundaries within the context of late eighteenth-century French obstetrics. A critical section of this study focuses on the debate ignited by the contemporaries who voiced concerns that the rise of surgical interventions on pregnant women's bodies might result in unwarranted violence, in a diminishing of midwives' roles, and in a departure from the tradition of natural childbirth. These controversies among obstetricians highlight significant contradictions within the Revolutionary medical reforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Of comets and cosmology in Antonino Saliba's Nuova Figura di tutte le cose of 1582. 1582 年安东尼诺-萨利巴（Antonino Saliba）的《Nuova Figura di tutte le cose》中的彗星和宇宙学。
IF 0.9 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2371786
Joseph Caruana
{"title":"Of comets and cosmology in Antonino Saliba's <i>Nuova Figura di tutte le cose</i> of 1582.","authors":"Joseph Caruana","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2371786","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2371786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antonino Saliba, a sixteenth century cartographer hailing from the Maltese island of Gozo, published a map in 1582 espousing his cosmology. Its popularity at the time is attested via the multiple editions and copies that were produced in Europe. Numerous sky phenomena, amongst them comets, are portrayed in the map. This study presents a detailed analysis of Saliba's treatment of these phenomena, following the first comprehensive translation of the map's text to English. It elucidates the sources that Saliba used, clarifying and shedding further light on the views he held. Where possible, the comets mentioned by Saliba are identified and explained. Besides showing how Saliba wholly conformed to the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic representation of the world, in which respect he was quite orthodox, it is also shown for the first time that his work is significantly derived from previous and contemporary sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Media and the mind: art, science, and notebooks as paper machines, 1700–1830 媒体与思想：艺术、科学和作为造纸机的笔记本，1700-1830 年
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2377563
Ray Schrire
{"title":"Media and the mind: art, science, and notebooks as paper machines, 1700–1830","authors":"Ray Schrire","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2377563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2377563","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Annals of Science (Ahead of Print, 2024)","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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