Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-08-16DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2712367
Derrick Mosley
{"title":"The social circulation of astronomical data and the evolution of Newton's system of the world.","authors":"Derrick Mosley","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2712367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2712367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article uses the corollaries on the densities of the planets in Book III of Isaac Newton's Principia and the manuscript notes in his personal edition of Nicolaus Mercator's astronomical textbook to reveal a social history of both the reception of Newton's cosmology and physical astronomy, and its initial conception and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-08-13DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2717769
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2717769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2717769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-08-04DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2712363
Kuni Sakamoto
{"title":"Johannes de Raey on subtle matter: a medical synthesis of Aristotle and Descartes.","authors":"Kuni Sakamoto","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2712363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2026.2712363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines how the seventeenth-century Dutch Cartesian Johannes de Raey sought to reconcile the philosophies of Descartes and Aristotle. It focuses on De Raey's identification in Aristotle of a doctrine corresponding to Descartes's subtle matter and asks which strand of the Aristotelian tradition he relied on for this identification. The study centres on De Raey's 1652 disputation <i>De materia subtili</i> and also draws on his lecture notes preserved in manuscript form, his earliest disputation, and the disputations of his teacher Henricus Regius, in which De Raey often served as respondent. The analysis shows, first, that De Raey interpreted Aristotle as positing a subtle body analogous to the element of the stars. Second, it argues that De Raey arrived at this reading by relying on the interpretation of the <i>Generation of Animals</i> by the Wittenberg medical professor Daniel Sennert, whose works De Raey encountered early in his career while studying medicine under Regius. Finally, De Raey gave Sennert's interpretation a decisively materialist turn, thereby making it possible to read Aristotle within a corpuscular, Cartesian framework. In this respect, he can be placed within the broader seventeenth-century movement to reinterpret Sennert's Aristotelianism in corpuscular terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-14DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2699661
Miriam Borgia
{"title":"The handy pig: anatomy, agronomy and animal pain in early modern Italy.","authors":"Miriam Borgia","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2699661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2026.2699661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay explores the representations and uses of animal pain in early modern Italian anatomy and agronomy, focusing on the pig as both an experimental subject and a productive resource. Between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, anatomists including Andreas Vesalius, Realdo Colombo, Carlo Fracassati and Marcello Malpighi relied on nonhuman bodies - especially pigs and dogs - to investigate the mechanisms of life. The animal's cry served simultaneously as evidence of suffering and as a confirmation of scientific authority. Concurrently, the agronomist Vincenzo Tanara emphasized the pig's profitability within rural economies, and the writer Giulio Cesare Croce praised its value to urban life. By combining the history of anatomy, the history of agronomy and the history of food, this study shows how pigs, living and dead, occupied a nexus of compassion and exploitation, anatomical knowledge and food production. The pig reveals a distinctive configuration of early modern knowledge, where ideas about animal utility not only circulated between different knowledge and practices, such as anatomy agronomy and cookery, but were also shaped by the porous boundaries between them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2495796
C Philipp E Nothaft
{"title":"'Undeterred by Aristotle's demonstrations': parallax and cometary distance in a forgotten epistolary treatise of 1265.","authors":"C Philipp E Nothaft","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A manuscript now in Bamberg preserves the only surviving fragment of a thirteenth-century treatise on comets or 'new stars', which was written as a letter addressed by an unknown Dominican author to the Master General of his order, John of Vercelli. The present article offers the first discussion of this forgotten work, which was composed in the year after the Great Comet of 1264. Although most of the text has been lost, the inclusion of a geometrical diagram in the manuscript makes it possible to reconstruct a crucial part of its overall argument. The Dominican author was openly critical of the Aristotelian doctrine of comets as atmospheric phenomena and considered the possibility that reliable distance estimates might instead place such objects in the celestial realm. His geometrical investigation of this question is historically significant for containing the earliest known analysis of the effect of cometary distance on its observable parallax, thus anticipating aspects of Johannes Regiomontanus's seminal <i>16 Problems</i> on comets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"437-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2551062
David Pritchard
{"title":"Making waves: the context and afterlife of John Scott Russell's canal experiments of 1834-1835.","authors":"David Pritchard","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2551062","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2551062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We reconstruct the events surrounding John Scott Russell's first observation of a solitary wave, which would become a foundational myth of both nonlinear wave theory and Scottish engineering science. We place the experiments in the context of the Scottish canals during the rise of steam locomotion and of Russell's attempts to establish a scientific reputation from a position that was both socially and intellectually marginal and financially insecure. We further examine the changing uses of Russell's account of his observation, in his own publications and afterward, including his bid for the Chair of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh in 1838.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"473-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2547650
Yunrou Liu
{"title":"Between politics and academics: Xu Guansan's translation of <i>Evolution in Action</i> in the Cold War Hong Kong.","authors":"Yunrou Liu","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2547650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2547650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cold War's bipolarity between the Free World and the Communist World was evident across diplomacy, literature, military competition. Science, where research and publications often reflected opposing ideologies, is undoubtedly a crucial area. Julian Huxley's <i>Evolution in Action</i> (1953), a scientific work on genetics, exemplifies the scientific outlook of the Free World. Under the auspices of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, an American anti-communist organization helping with the resettlement of Chinese refugees, Huxley's <i>Evolution in Action</i> was translated by Xu Guansan and published in Hong Kong in 1953. Through Xu's translation, both the political image of Huxley and the political elements of <i>Evolution</i> were deliberately downplayed. For Xu, genetic knowledge was not merely an expression of political ideology but a means to promote his academic beliefs, particularly integrating historical studies with scientific disciplines. In this sense, <i>Evolution</i> lost the original political significance attributed to it by the Cold War bipolarity when it traveled to Hong Kong via translation. Examing Xu Guansan's translation of genetic knowledge complicates the history of science in Cold War Hong Kong by offering an aspect from the individual who reproduced the scientific work.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"554-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306
Nikolai Krementsov
{"title":"Alexander N. Aksakov and the domestication of 'scientific spiritualism' in Imperial Russia, 1865-1875.","authors":"Nikolai Krementsov","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decades scholars have traced the intersections between science and spiritualism during the second half of the nineteenth century in a variety of locales around the world. This essay examines such intersections in one setting that has largely eluded their attention, Imperial Russia. It investigates the pivotal role played by Alexander N. Aksakov (1832-1903) in developing a scientific approach to 'mediumistic phenomena'. It follows Aksakov's personal journey from Swedenborgian mysticism to 'scientific spiritualism' by tracing his extensive network of contacts with like-minded individuals around the world. It details Aksakov's labours in forging close links between spiritualism and science from 1865 to 1875 and in fostering lively discussions - in Russia, Britain, France, and Germany - on the intersections of these two elements of contemporary cultures. By analysing his translating and publishing activities in multiple languages, up to the founding in 1874 of <i>Psychische Studien</i>, the first journal dedicated to scientific investigations of spiritualist phenomena, it explores Aksakov's role in both 'domesticating' spiritualism in his homeland and 'internationalizing' Russian contributions to its development on the world stage. It argues that the particularities of social and cultural landscape in post-Crimean Russia both facilitated and hampered Aksakov's efforts to educate the Russian public and Russian scientists about 'scientific spiritualism', shaping their forms, locales, and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"501-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2548863
Hans-Joachim Petsche
{"title":"50 years of Graßmann research: results, unresolved questions and misinterpretations.","authors":"Hans-Joachim Petsche","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2548863","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2548863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of the 150th anniversary of Hermann Graßmann's death, the results of 50 years of recent Graßmann research, starting with Lewis's dissertation and his contribution to the <i>Annals of Science</i>, are reflected upon. The unexpected revision initiated by Schubring in 1996 of the research findings on the sources of Graßmann's mathematical creativity, which have been available since Friedrich Engel, is rejected as unfounded. New insights into the introduction of the negative in geometry and the significance of the concept of multiplication for Graßmann are presented. Biographical information about Graßmann's work receives a stronger contextualization, and a simplistic handling of material hermeneutics in the historiography of mathematics is criticized. As shown by the influence of Pestalozzi on mathematics education in Prussia in the first half of the nineteenth century, in the case of Justus and Hermann Graßmann, there are 'causally effective societal factors in the development of mathematics' [Hans Wußing, <i>'Externalismus - Internalismus'</i>, N.T.M., 15 (2007), [284-88]], which were historically intertwined with the inner-mathematical development potentials of their time.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"571-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of SciencePub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2548867
Kazuhiro Shibata
{"title":"Medicine for a long life?: hygiene and distilled liquors in early seventeenth-century England.","authors":"Kazuhiro Shibata","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2548867","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2548867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines opinions on distilled liquors in hygiene books in early seventeenth-century England. As these liquors gradually became popular in the late sixteenth century, health advice began to incorporate discussions on them. Focusing on William Vaughan, Tobias Venner, James Hart, and Francis Bacon, this study investigated how their opinions reflect their medical ideas and interests, as well as the changing drinking habits in contemporary England. Although Vaughan initially praised the life-extending effects of distilled liquor, his later treatises became much more sceptical. He criticized its regular dietary use as he became more focused on colonization and anxious about excessive drinking in contemporary England. Physicians Venner and Hart held a similar sceptical attitude toward distilled liquor but insisted on the difference in constitutions among humans. Vaughan, Venner, and Hart also exhibit ambivalence because they all admitted the efficacy of distilled liquor. Bacon believed that spirits in the body would perform destructive actions that eventually led to death and that these actions were enhanced by distilled liquors. Thus, he attempted to prepare milder drinks for a long life by infusing meat into wine and beer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"83 3","pages":"453-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}