Annals of Science最新文献_第3页

The social agency of instruments of surveying and exploration c.1830-1930. 1830-1930 年间测量和勘探工具的社会中介。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2388602

Jane A Wess

引用次数: 0

Gustave-Adolphe Hirn, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and the conservation of energy. 古斯塔夫-阿道夫-希恩，热的机械等价物和能量守恒。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353

Kenneth L Caneva

{"title":"Gustave-Adolphe Hirn, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and the conservation of energy.","authors":"Kenneth L Caneva","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2378353","url":null,"abstract":"Alsatian engineer Gustave-Adolphe Hirn is best known to historians of science for his experimental determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat, first published in 1855. Since the 1840s, that equivalent has been closely associated with the conservation of energy, indeed often conflated with it. Hirn was one of Thomas Kuhn's twelve 'pioneers' whose work he deemed relevant to the ostensible 'simultaneous discovery' of energy conservation. Yet Hirn never wholeheartedly embraced energy conservation. After reviewing his experimental work, his philosophical reflections, and his response to developments in heat theory, this article identifies three factors as having played central roles in this regard: Hirn's deepest concerns were ontological, not energetic; none of the concepts basic to his natural philosophy were appropriate stand-ins for a quantitatively conserved energy; and, accurately reflecting the most common interpretation of the principle of the conservation of energy from the 1860s on - as exemplified already by Helmholtz in 1847 - Hirn associated its corpuscular-mechanical underpinning with the despiritualizing materialism he saw as dominating contemporary science. Hence although Hirn's natural philosophy embraced sentiments quite in the spirit of the conservation of energy, he never explicitly subscribed to that principle.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vector: a surprising story of space, time, and mathematical transformation 矢量：关于空间、时间和数学变换的惊奇故事

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2384068

Craig Fraser

引用次数: 0

Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery. 法国大革命时期的产科：围绕新产科手术的政治和医学争论。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436

Elena Danieli

{"title":"Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery.","authors":"Elena Danieli","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","url":null,"abstract":"During the French Revolution, obstetrics underwent substantial transformations in practice, teaching, and the physical spaces where it was conducted. The revolutionary authorities implemented reforms in French medical institutions that promoted an instrument-centred style and the dissemination of novel surgical techniques in obstetrics. The selection of professors for the obstetrics chair at the newly established École de santé and the appointment of chiefs for the new maternity ward in Paris favoured proponents of a mechanistic approach to labour assistance. This essay explores the theoretical principles and societal pressures that guided these transformative reforms and the remarkable changes they introduced in healthcare and in the practise of medicine and surgery. Furthermore, it examines the consolidation of new epistemological, ethical, and professional boundaries within the context of late eighteenth-century French obstetrics. A critical section of this study focuses on the debate ignited by the contemporaries who voiced concerns that the rise of surgical interventions on pregnant women's bodies might result in unwarranted violence, in a diminishing of midwives' roles, and in a departure from the tradition of natural childbirth. These controversies among obstetricians highlight significant contradictions within the Revolutionary medical reforms.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of comets and cosmology in Antonino Saliba's Nuova Figura di tutte le cose of 1582. 1582 年安东尼诺-萨利巴（Antonino Saliba）的《Nuova Figura di tutte le cose》中的彗星和宇宙学。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2371786

Joseph Caruana

引用次数: 0

Media and the mind: art, science, and notebooks as paper machines, 1700–1830 媒体与思想：艺术、科学和作为造纸机的笔记本，1700-1830 年

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2377563

Ray Schrire

引用次数: 0

Understanding sovereignty through meteorology: China, Japan, and the dispute over the Qingdao Observatory, 1918-1931. 通过气象了解主权：中国、日本与青岛观象台之争，1918-1931 年。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2231465

Xiao Liu

{"title":"Understanding sovereignty through meteorology: China, Japan, and the dispute over the Qingdao Observatory, 1918-1931.","authors":"Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2231465","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2231465","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating on the Qingdao Observatory, this paper will explore the role of scientific facility in asserting China's sovereignty during the first half of the twentieth century. Although scholars have explained the efforts of China's internationalization in diplomacy through the perspectives of politics, economics and culture, they have not paid attention to science. Therefore, this paper aims to shed some light on how scientific issues were solved via diplomacy during the Republic of China, while further asserting that the focus in negotiations was not confined to science itself, but rather to sovereignty within a scientific context. In this process, the meaning of sovereignty has also been expanded basing on the improvement of nation's scientific capability. Besides, the participation of different actors involved in sovereignty assertion is investigated by this paper. Although the diplomatic negotiation was held at the international level, the local government and scientific community were main promoters in this case, which calls for attention on the various subjects in sovereignty issue. Consequently, this paper argues that Asian countries, such as Republic of China, could also employ science as a means to negotiate with foreign powers and claim their due rights.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"420-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9765052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Galilean resonances: the role of experiment in Turing's construction of machine intelligence. 伽利略共振：实验在图灵构建机器智能中的作用。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2234912

Bernardo Gonçalves

{"title":"Galilean resonances: the role of experiment in Turing's construction of machine intelligence.","authors":"Bernardo Gonçalves","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2234912","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2234912","url":null,"abstract":"In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his iconic imitation game, calling it a 'test', an 'experiment', and the 'the only really satisfactory support' for his view that machines can think. Following Turing's rhetoric, the 'Turing test' has been widely received as a kind of crucial experiment to determine machine intelligence. In later sources, however, Turing showed a milder attitude towards what he called his 'imitation tests'. In 1948, Turing referred to the persuasive power of 'the actual production of machines' rather than that of a controlled experiment. Observing this, I propose to distinguish the logical structure from the rhetoric of Turing's argument. I argue that Turing's proposal of a crucial experiment may have been a concession to meet the standards of his interlocutors more than his own, while his construction of machine intelligence rather reveals a method of successive idealizations and exploratory experiments. I will draw a parallel with Galileo's construction of idealized fall in a void and the historiographical controversies over the role of experiment in Galilean science. I suggest that Turing, like Galileo, relied on certain kinds of experiment, but also on rhetoric and propaganda to inspire further research that could lead to convincing scientific and technological progress.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"359-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9831939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Prudence, Foresight, Courage, Oeconomy': glass beehives and English society, 1650-1680. 谨慎、远见、勇气、经济"：1650-1680 年玻璃蜂箱与英国社会。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2334915

Marlis Hinckley

引用次数: 0

The two 'strongest pillars of the empiricist wing': the Vienna Circle, German academia and emigration in the light of correspondence between Philipp Frank and Richard von Mises (1916-1939). 从菲利普-弗兰克和理查德-冯-米塞斯之间的通信看 "经验主义派别的两大支柱"：维也纳圈、德国学术界和移民（1916-1939 年）。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2203049

Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze

{"title":"The two 'strongest pillars of the empiricist wing': the Vienna Circle, German academia and emigration in the light of correspondence between Philipp Frank and Richard von Mises (1916-1939).","authors":"Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2203049","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2203049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper is divided into a surveying and argumentative part and a slightly longer documentary part, which is meant to verify or at least make more plausible claims made in the first part. The first part deals in broad outline with the relationship of Frank and von Mises to the Vienna Circle of Logical Empiricism on the one hand and to the physicists and mathematicians in the German-speaking world on the other. The varying special positions, partly the non-conformity of the two Austrian scientists are emphasized, in particular, their adherence to Ernst Mach's epistemology and their shared interest in probability theory and applied mathematics. The impact of emigration and the after-effects in the U.S. are discussed. This leads to new insights into the fine structure of the Vienna Circle and the latter's relationship to German academia within 'Weimar Culture'. P. Forman's interpretation (1971) of von Mises' position is critically discussed. The second, documentary part, uses recently discovered correspondence between Frank and von Mises, and, to a lesser extent, von Mises' personal diary. It aims at further substantiating some of the introductory theses and will at the same time provide material for a thorough biographical appreciation of the two scholars and friends.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"390-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0