Annals of Science最新文献_第3页

Alexander N. Aksakov and the domestication of 'scientific spiritualism' in Imperial Russia, 1865-1875. 亚历山大·n·阿克萨科夫和“科学唯心论”在俄国帝国的驯化，1865-1875。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306

Nikolai Krementsov

{"title":"Alexander N. Aksakov and the domestication of 'scientific spiritualism' in Imperial Russia, 1865-1875.","authors":"Nikolai Krementsov","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades scholars have traced the intersections between science and spiritualism during the second half of the nineteenth century in a variety of locales around the world. This essay examines such intersections in one setting that has largely eluded their attention, Imperial Russia. It investigates the pivotal role played by Alexander N. Aksakov (1832-1903) in developing a scientific approach to 'mediumistic phenomena'. It follows Aksakov's personal journey from Swedenborgian mysticism to 'scientific spiritualism' by tracing his extensive network of contacts with like-minded individuals around the world. It details Aksakov's labours in forging close links between spiritualism and science from 1865 to 1875 and in fostering lively discussions - in Russia, Britain, France, and Germany - on the intersections of these two elements of contemporary cultures. By analysing his translating and publishing activities in multiple languages, up to the founding in 1874 of Psychische Studien, the first journal dedicated to scientific investigations of spiritualist phenomena, it explores Aksakov's role in both 'domesticating' spiritualism in his homeland and 'internationalizing' Russian contributions to its development on the world stage. It argues that the particularities of social and cultural landscape in post-Crimean Russia both facilitated and hampered Aksakov's efforts to educate the Russian public and Russian scientists about 'scientific spiritualism', shaping their forms, locales, and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quod caelum stet, terra moveatur by Celio Calcagnini: scientific context and translation. Celio Calcagnini的《土地运动》：科学语境与翻译。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2483301

Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Alberto Bardi

引用次数: 0

The chymistry of rainbows, winds, lightning, heat and cold in Paracelsus. 帕拉塞尔苏斯笔下的彩虹、风、闪电、热和冷的魅学。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2333038

Didier Kahn

引用次数: 0

Heretical microcosmogony in Paracelsus's Astronomia Magna (1537/8) and the anonymous Astrologia Theologizata (1617): Paracelsian anthropology in the light of Lutheran biblical hermeneutics. Paracelsus 的《Astronomia Magna》（1537/8）和匿名的《Astrologia Theologizata》（1617）中的异端微观世界：从路德会圣经诠释学的角度看帕拉塞尔苏斯的人类学。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2333935

Dane T Daniel, Charles D Gunnoe

{"title":"Heretical microcosmogony in Paracelsus's Astronomia Magna (1537/8) and the anonymous Astrologia Theologizata (1617): Paracelsian anthropology in the light of Lutheran biblical hermeneutics.","authors":"Dane T Daniel, Charles D Gunnoe","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2333935","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2333935","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates Paracelsus's and Paracelsian-Weigelian microcosmogonies, i.e. theories concerning the nature and creation of human beings, especially their biblical underpinnings, and particularly in the light of Luther's and Lutheran anthropological and biblical-exegetical stances. The Lutheran approach to the origin and components of human beings-as seen in Luther's early Magnificat Commentary and the Genesis Commentary of his late career-relied on such magisterial principles as adherence to sola scriptura, literal biblical exegesis, and the hermeneutical standard to 'let scripture interpret scripture,' whereas the Paracelsians, Weigelians, and Pseudo-Weigelians-in such works as Paracelus's Astronomia Magna (1537/38) and the anonymous Astrologia Theologizata (1617)-employed such extra-biblical concepts as 'sidereal bodies,' the 'light of nature,' and a microcosm-macrocosm theory based on an alchemical interpretation of the limus terrae of Genesis 2:7. Seventeenth-century Orthodox Lutherans, including Nikolaus Hunnius and Ehregott Daniel Colberg, castigated the 'heretical' in Paracelsus and the Astrologia Theologizata. The study also addresses the authorship of several texts entitled Astrologia Theologizata and speculates on reasons for the tracts' deviations from Paracelsus's views. The case study of Paracelsian-Weigelian microcosmogonies underscores the centuries-long staying power of some of Paracelsus's core theological concepts, which were both seconded by votaries and vituperatively criticized by opponents.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"222-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The 'tale' of a termometro cinquantigrado kept at the Whipple Museum, Cambridge. 剑桥惠普尔博物馆保存的五量子流的“故事”。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2483304

Elisabetta Rossi

引用次数: 0

Normal and abnormal rhythms in the search for biological clocks: an epistemological gap between early twentieth-century biology and experimental psychology. 寻找生物钟中的正常和异常节律：20世纪早期生物学和实验心理学之间的认识论差距。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2483311

Jole Shackelford

{"title":"Normal and abnormal rhythms in the search for biological clocks: an epistemological gap between early twentieth-century biology and experimental psychology.","authors":"Jole Shackelford","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2483311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2025.2483311","url":null,"abstract":"When American experimental psychologists began to study activity cycles in the early twentieth century, their research methods and interpretations of experimental results were guided by a commitment to behaviourism and neglected the work of biological rhythms researchers, now called chronobiologists, who approached behaviours from physiological and ecological perspectives, exploring activity and other rhythmic behaviours as governed by innate organic stimuli, biological clocks. The epistemological gap that developed between rhythms researchers and behavioural psychologists can be seen already in the work of Maynard S. Johnson and Curt P. Richter, both working with rodents in the 1920s and 1930s. This gap persisted into the 1960s, when psychologists began to realize that biological clocks help to explain some of their experimental results. This epistemological gap is plain from psychologists' reaction to the 1963 work of Michael Treisman, who was credited 50 years later with discovering the biological clock in humans, despite more than half a century of effort to study rhythms and locate clocks; recognition in the mid-1960s that clock-controlled circadian rhythms were useful in psychology began to close this gap.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimatter in astronomy and cosmology: the early history. 天文学和宇宙学中的反物质：早期历史。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2449861

Helge Kragh

{"title":"Antimatter in astronomy and cosmology: the early history.","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2449861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2025.2449861","url":null,"abstract":"So-called antimatter in the form of elementary particles such as positive electrons (antielectrons alias positrons) and negative protons (antiprotons) has for long been investigated by physicists. However, atoms or molecules of this exotic kind are conspicuously absent from nature. Since antimatter is believed to be symmetric with ordinary matter, the flagrant asymmetry constitutes a problem that still worries physicists and cosmologists. As first suggested by Paul Dirac in 1933, in distant parts of the universe there might be entire stars and galaxies made of antiparticles alone. Why not? This paper examines how the concepts of antiparticles and antimatter slowly migrated from particle physics to astronomy and cosmology. At around 1970 a few physicists speculated about an anti-universe separate from ours while others looked for the charge asymmetry in quantum processes in the early big-bang explosion of the universe. Others again proposed a 'plasma cosmology' that kept our world and the hypothetical world of antimatter apart. Soviet physicists and astronomers were no less interested in the problem than their colleagues in the West. The paper details the development up to the late 1970s, paying attention not only to mainstream scientific works but also to more speculative ideas, some of them very speculative. By that time the antimatter mystery remained mysterious - which is still the situation.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The late origins of the timeline, or: three paradoxes explained. 时间轴的晚期起源，或：三个悖论的解释。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2289524

Christoph Lüthy

{"title":"The late origins of the timeline, or: three paradoxes explained.","authors":"Christoph Lüthy","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2289524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2289524","url":null,"abstract":"We are all used to drawing straight lines to represent time, and above them, we plot historical events or physical or economic data. What to us is a self-evident convention, is however of an astonishingly recent date: it emerged only in the second half of the eighteenth century. To us, this late date seems paradoxical and cries out for an explanation. How else did earlier periods measure change, if not as a function of time? it will be argued that since Antiquity, time was taken to measure change, and change to occur in space. 'Our' idea of representing time as an independent dimension would have seemed aberrant. But then, a second issue arises. Did not medieval natural philosophers employ timelines, Oresme's diagram of the mean speed theorem being the most famous case? However, as will be shown, our interpretation of his diagram is probably wrong. This insight, in turn, takes care of a third paradox, namely Galileo's initial inability to represent the law of free fall correctly. This article will document that the timeline first emerged in the late sixteenth century in works on chronology, made its first appearance in physics in Galileo's diagrams, and had its general breakthrough in the eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's 'Sur la nature de l'eau': an annotated English translation. 安托万-洛朗-拉瓦锡的《Sur la nature de l'eau》：注释英译本。

IF 0.9 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2289531

Liz Kambas

引用次数: 0

Sailing the ocean of nature: Francesca Fontana Aldrovandi in early modern Bologna. 在大自然的海洋中航行：Francesca Fontana Aldrovandi 在现代早期的博洛尼亚。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2305331

Noemi Di Tommaso

{"title":"Sailing the ocean of nature: Francesca Fontana Aldrovandi in early modern Bologna.","authors":"Noemi Di Tommaso","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2305331","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2305331","url":null,"abstract":"The history of science is increasingly directing its attention to the diachronic examination of women's involvement within spaces dedicated to scientific inquiry. While this field of study boasts rich and meticulous historiography, delving into the sixteenth century leaves the impression of encountering either a noticeable absence of women in the realm of natural history or an underexplored period in this regard. Undoubtedly, within the Italian context of the time, the cultural milieu shaped by the Counter-Reformation further heightened the social challenges faced by women.Notwithstanding these challenges, a noteworthy female figure emerges in the latter half of the sixteenth century - Francesca Fontana, the second wife of the natural history scholar Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605). From an overall view of the sources, Fontana seems to assume a pivotal role in the realization of collections and works attributed to the eminent naturalist. This study aims to delineate the role played by Fontana within Aldrovandi's 'officina naturale.' By examining the available documents in a chronological order, my aim is to provide insights into the evolution of her education and her practical and technical skills, harnessed in the pursuit of her husband's enterprises and scholarly contributions.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"44-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0