Annals of Science最新文献_第4页

A 'Temple of Liberty'? Alexander von Humboldt and the French Revolution. “自由神庙”？亚历山大·冯·洪堡和法国大革命。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2433232

Andreas W Daum

{"title":"A 'Temple of Liberty'? Alexander von Humboldt and the French Revolution.","authors":"Andreas W Daum","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2433232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2433232","url":null,"abstract":"This article sheds new light on Alexander von Humboldt's political position in the revolutionary decade between 1789 and 1799. The young naturalist interacted with both supporters and opponents of the revolution. In July 1790, he even participated in the preparations for the Festival of the Federation in Paris together with Georg Forster. However, Humboldt remained detached from Europe's polarized politics. He avoided taking a firm stance and distanced himself from revolutionary violence. Continuous emotional and physical crises, in addition to his immersion into scientific studies, fuelled this retreat. While steeped in Enlightenment ideas and committed to a cosmopolitan understanding of liberty, Humboldt absorbed the critique of the French Revolution and the skeptical take on rationalism that the philosophers Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and Wilhelm von Humboldt, Alexander's brother, articulated.By recognizing these influences and reexamining autobiographical sources, we can identify the various intellectual and political contexts in which Alexander von Humboldt operated during the 1790s. This polycentric approach leads to a nuanced understanding of Humboldt's political thinking in revolutionary Europe. It explains his caution in political matters and revises the conventional image of Humboldt as a fervent supporter of the French Revolution.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"326-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quod caelum stet, terra moveatur by Celio Calcagnini: scientific context and translation. Celio Calcagnini的《土地运动》：科学语境与翻译。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2025.2483301

Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Alberto Bardi

引用次数: 0

Stereotypical thinking in the historiography of science and religion: creation and reception history of Reijer Hooykaas's Religion and the Rise of Modern Science. 科学与宗教史学中的刻板思维：霍伊卡斯《宗教》的创作与接受史与现代科学的兴起。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2641037

Jelmer Heeren, Pablo de Felipe

{"title":"Stereotypical thinking in the historiography of science and religion: creation and reception history of Reijer Hooykaas's Religion and the Rise of Modern Science.","authors":"Jelmer Heeren, Pablo de Felipe","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2641037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2026.2641037","url":null,"abstract":"Historians of science and religion have occasionally resorted to stereotypes, rejecting harmonious accounts without clear justifications. This article chronicles the creation and reception history of Religion and the Rise of Modern Science (1972), written by one so-called harmony promoting historian, Reijer Hooykaas (1906-1994). Over the decades, the book has received substantial criticism and praise. Based on our research on publications and archival materials - primarily comprising correspondence between Hooykaas, friends, colleagues, and publishers - we show that the multifaceted creation history of Religion and the Rise of Modern Science (RRMS) has significantly impacted its reception. We argue that the book, and, by extension, Hooykaas's scholarship on science and religion, has been too easily discarded as Protestant apologetics at worst and as an attempt to harmonize science and religion at best. Painting a picture of the dynamics of the science and religion field during its formative years from the 1960s onwards, this article is a call to take the complexity principle seriously when conducting historiography in the science and religion field instead of merely framing previous research as a counterpoint.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Debating vision and refraction in Galileo's time: Marcantonio De Dominis and Cesare Cremonini. 讨论伽利略时代的视觉和折射：马尔坎托尼奥·德·多米尼斯和切萨雷·克雷莫尼尼。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2646494

Francesco Molinarolo

引用次数: 0

From botanics to physics: Henri Devaux (1862-1956) and the origins of surface science. 从植物学到物理学：亨利·德沃（1862-1956）和地表科学的起源。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2641045

Benjamin Le Roux, Marcin Krasnodębski

{"title":"From botanics to physics: Henri Devaux (1862-1956) and the origins of surface science.","authors":"Benjamin Le Roux, Marcin Krasnodębski","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2641045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2026.2641045","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the interdisciplinary career and overlooked legacy of Henri Devaux (1862-1956), a French botanist-turned-physicist whose pioneering work on thin films and surface science predated the field's maturity. Trained as a botanist, Devaux crossed disciplinary boundaries to make foundational contributions to the study of thin films anticipating key developments in molecular biology and colloid chemistry. Despite this, his work remains marginalized in narratives dominated by figures like Irving Langmuir and Agnes Pockels. Devaux's career reflects the tensions of disciplinary transgression in early 20th-century France, bridging botany, physics, and chemistry while serving as an \"ambassador\" of plant physiology within physics. His devout Protestant faith further shaped his scientific identity: he framed research as a divine mission and conceived of \"Complete Science\"-a synthesis of empirical inquiry and religious revelation-that distinguished him from both secular and Catholic contemporaries. Drawing on his personal archives, this study argues that Devaux's legacy was shaped by experimental ingenuity, religious conviction, and deliberate navigation between institutional constraints. His story challenges standard narratives of scientific progress, illuminating how personal belief and disciplinary boundary-crossing can simultaneously drive innovation and limit historical recognition.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The drop and the metric system: how an unruly unit survived revolutions. 滴水和公制：一个不守规矩的单位如何在革命中幸存下来。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2026.2636886

Armel Cornu, Sarah Hijmans, Rebecca L Jackson

{"title":"The drop and the metric system: how an unruly unit survived revolutions.","authors":"Armel Cornu, Sarah Hijmans, Rebecca L Jackson","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2636886","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2026.2636886","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the peculiar story of the drop, a non-standard unit which outlived the standardizing forces of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as an instructive lens for understanding how and why non-standard units survive. With the establishment of the metric system in France came a large-scale discussion on the merits of various units, the drop among them. Some partisans of the metric system argued that this unstandardizable unit should be abandoned in favour of decimal weight units. Despite this, the drop remained in use in both lay and scientific contexts. By closely studying medical and chemical practice, we show that the drop was a rich tool for both communication and scientific quantification. The drop's utility went beyond cases where achieving precision was superfluous; drops were also used by practitioners in ways that could not easily be replaced by the scales, accomplishing aims for which standard units were ill-adapted or even damaging to the task at hand. The drop's familiar and flexible nature made it uniquely useful in instructions to be carried out by lay people or factory workers, as well as in the many experimental procedures that required the practitioner's attention to be directed at sensory indications.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery. 法国大革命时期的产科：围绕新产科手术的政治和医学争论。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436

Elena Danieli

{"title":"Obstetrics during the French Revolution: political and medical controversies around the new obstetrical surgery.","authors":"Elena Danieli","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2382436","url":null,"abstract":"During the French Revolution, obstetrics underwent substantial transformations in practice, teaching, and the physical spaces where it was conducted. The revolutionary authorities implemented reforms in French medical institutions that promoted an instrument-centred style and the dissemination of novel surgical techniques in obstetrics. The selection of professors for the obstetrics chair at the newly established École de santé and the appointment of chiefs for the new maternity ward in Paris favoured proponents of a mechanistic approach to labour assistance. This essay explores the theoretical principles and societal pressures that guided these transformative reforms and the remarkable changes they introduced in healthcare and in the practise of medicine and surgery. Furthermore, it examines the consolidation of new epistemological, ethical, and professional boundaries within the context of late eighteenth-century French obstetrics. A critical section of this study focuses on the debate ignited by the contemporaries who voiced concerns that the rise of surgical interventions on pregnant women's bodies might result in unwarranted violence, in a diminishing of midwives' roles, and in a departure from the tradition of natural childbirth. These controversies among obstetricians highlight significant contradictions within the Revolutionary medical reforms.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"51-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of comets and cosmology in Antonino Saliba's Nuova Figura di tutte le cose of 1582. 1582 年安东尼诺-萨利巴（Antonino Saliba）的《Nuova Figura di tutte le cose》中的彗星和宇宙学。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2371786

Joseph Caruana

引用次数: 0

A 'heavy hammer to crack a small nut'? The creation of the European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), 1963-1970. 重锤敲碎小坚果"？欧洲分子生物学会议（EMBC）的创立，1963-1970 年。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2351511

Francesco Cassata

{"title":"A 'heavy hammer to crack a small nut'? The creation of the European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), 1963-1970.","authors":"Francesco Cassata","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2351511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2351511","url":null,"abstract":"This article reconstructs the complex diplomatic negotiations that led to the peculiar organization of molecular biology at the European level, by focusing in particular on the establishment of the European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), the intergovernmental structure founded in 1969-70 to support the scientific program of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). By combining the analysis of the informal decision-making kept in the Nobel Prize laureate John C. Kendrew's personal papers (Oxford) with the in-depth exploration of the institutional documentation available in the EMBO and CERN archives (Heidelberg and Geneva) and the Swiss Federal Archives (Bern), the article sheds light on the importance of the EMBC not only for the construction of molecular biology as a scientific, social, and political field in the European context, but also for the broader process of definition of the European research policy. Far from being just a mere replica of CERN, the EMBO/EMBC inaugurated in fact an alternative and flexible 'bottom-up' model of science policy in the European context, based on competition, networking, and scientific excellence, which paved the way to the establishment of the European Research Council (ERC) in the early 2000s.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":"174-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social agency of instruments of surveying and exploration c.1830-1930. 1830-1930 年间测量和勘探工具的社会中介。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Annals of Science Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2024.2388602

Jane A Wess

引用次数: 0