International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

{"title":"Who Ate All the Thrushes? Roman Urban Street Food Consumers as well as Elites","authors":"Robin Bendrey, Piers D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/oa.3418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hard parts of animals that commonly preserve on archaeological sites can inform on the diets of past human communities (Egeland <span>2018</span>). Beyond understanding of general sustenance, food can be a symbol of cultural identity and expression and can reveal diverse ways in which communities interact with their environment and each other (Messer <span>1984</span>). Zooarchaeological studies of taxonomic abundance, skeletal part representation, taphonomy, demography, and context can provide detailed insights on food production, preparation, and consumption, as well as sometimes associations of status and social access to a resource (Twiss <span>2012</span>). In this issue, Valenzuela (<span>2025</span>) critically analyses a unique assemblage that brings fresh light to the diversity of social contexts for the consumption of thrushes in Roman Europe.</p><p>The assemblage derives from a cesspit associated with a food shop (<i>taberna</i>) in the Roman city of Pollentia on Mallorca (Valenzuela <span>2025</span>). Thrushes are the most abundant birds amongst the assemblage recovered. Osteometrical analysis reveals the song thrush (<i>Turdus philomelos</i>) as the most likely species match for the archaeological material (Figure 1), although other thrush species could also be present. With its archaeological context, the analysis of skeletal representation and taphonomy also supports a commercial kitchen waste disposal interpretation. Valenzuela argues that the thrush assemblage aligns well with the expectations of a food retail assemblage, for example, with the removal of the sternum to flatten the birds and enable rapid cooking for fast street food.</p><p>The study also argues that the migration of song thrushes in large numbers to Mallorca in the winter months would have made wild bird exploitation a predictable seasonal resource. This indicates an example of the adaptability of urban food economies and communities and how they may have exploited the local ecosystem to make cities more sustainable for themselves, as is known from contemporary contexts (Bharucha and Pretty <span>2010</span>; Garekae and Shackleton <span>2020</span>). It also adds an original case study of wild-caught foods to our understanding of the diversity of products sold by urban retailers (Ellis <span>2018</span>, 228–239) and the wider patterns of Roman food production (Kron <span>2012</span>).</p><p>As Valenzuela outlines, scholarship has traditionally linked thrushes with the upper echelons of Roman society, due to descriptions in classical sources of them as a delicacy consumed by elites: a picture challenged by the Pollentia evidence. Beyond the rich details of the case study itself, this meticulous analysis is an excellent example of how archaeology can help illuminate the lives of non-elites (e.g., Carroll <span>2000</span>) and combine with historical sources to reveal wider and more representative patterns of past behaviors.</p><p>The authors declare no co","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Diseases as Indicators of Animal Health in the Early Modern Age Assemblage From the Castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Context With Other Coeval Cases From Hungary","authors":"Erika Gál,&nbsp;Adrián Berta","doi":"10.1002/oa.3412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3412","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we present 13 pathologically changed animal bones from cattle, caprines, pig, and domestic chicken, which were recognized among 1341 identifiable remains in the recently studied late medieval (first part of the 16th century) and Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Period (from the second part of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century) assemblages found in the castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Southern Hungary, a site turned from an aristocratic residence into a Turkish fortress by the Ottoman occupation. The pig remains with anomalies represent important findings since the eating of pork was minimal or avoided at the places inhabited by Muslims.</p>\u0000 <p>The pathologically changed bones were studied macroscopically and microscopically alike. Healed fractures represented the most frequent type of lesions, suggesting that animals were cared for either to achieve the optimal size for slaughter (e.g., cattle and pigs) or for secondary exploitation such as cockfighting. Other diseases such as uneven tooth wear, arthropathy, nonspecific infection, and bowed bones occurred sporadically in the bone material. A bone from caprines reflected age-related disorder, a result which was consistent with the age structure of sheep and goats suggesting the exploitation of these small ruminants for a longer time than cattle and pig.</p>\u0000 <p>Our results were interpreted within the context of other coeval bone materials originating from both Buda, the former capital of Hungary, and fortifications located in the northern and southern periphery of the country alike. They indicated that certain features such as the age and sex of animals, the species composition of the assemblages, as well as the rank and location of sites, might greatly define the frequency and nature of displayed lesions on the animal remains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Consumption of Thrushes in the Early Roman City of Pollentia, Mallorca (Spain)","authors":"Alejandro Valenzuela","doi":"10.1002/oa.3416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Roman city of Pollentia (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean), an exceptional zooarchaeological assemblage was recovered from a cesspit dated between the first century <span>BC</span> and the first century <span>ad</span>. The structure, situated in a commercial area adjacent to the forum, was connected to a food shop (<i>taberna</i>) via an underground drainage system used for waste disposal. The faunal remains from the cesspit include mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds, with song thrushes (<i>Turdus</i> cf. <i>philomelos</i>) constituting the most abundant avian species. The unique depositional context and zooarchaeological indicators, such as skeletal part representation, provide valuable insights into the preparation and consumption of these small birds. This evidence suggests that thrushes were commonly sold and consumed in Roman urban spaces, challenging the prevailing notion based on written sources that thrushes were exclusively a luxury food item for elite banquets. The study offers new perspectives on the role of street food and everyday culinary practices in the Roman Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Young Woman From the Fifth Millennium BCE in Chega Sofla Cemetery With a Modified and Hinge Fractured Cranium, Southwestern Iran","authors":"Mahdi Alirezazadeh,&nbsp;Hamed Vahdati Nasab","doi":"10.1002/oa.3415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excavations at the Chega Sofla Cemetery in southwestern Iran, fifth millennium <span>BCE</span>, revealed intentionally modified skulls, including BG1.12, a young woman with cranial binding and hinge fractures. Cranial bandaging changes the morphology of the skull, which affects biomechanics. Based on these factors, this study investigated fractures and objects involved in trauma. The impact fractured both the left parietal and frontal bones. CT scan images and various sectional slices of BG1.12 were used for analysis. This method obtained detailed insights into changes in cranial bone thickness, the nature of skull fractures, and deposits within the cranial vault. The fractured bones remained connected, and the lack of evidence for bone remodeling and regular deposits within the cranial vault suggests that the fracture occurred perimortem. The severity of the impact can be seen as a triangular fracture along the sagittal border of the left parietal bone. According to CT scan analysis, the fracture was caused by an object that did not penetrate the cranial vault or have sharp edges. According to observations, an object with broad edges severely fractured the cranium of this young woman during the final moments of her life.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birds of Trade: Availability of Water Birds and Bird Products During Medieval and Early Modern Period in the Baltic Sea","authors":"Hanna Kivikero","doi":"10.1002/oa.3405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bird bones are generally scarce in zooarchaeological assemblages in the medieval and early modern period from Finland and Sweden. To obtain new information on bird products and the role of water birds in the Baltic Sea during this period, zooarchaeological assemblages and historical documents were studied from these two countries. The aim is to identify chronological and regional differences and similarities in the materials and understand if there is different evidence of historic utilization of water birds in the Baltic Sea area than zooarchaeological evidence suggests. The materials show that ducks were found in most environments compared to other species found mainly in coastal regions. High frequencies of water birds were identified in the central part of the Baltic Sea, on the Åland Islands. Relatively large frequencies were also identified in nearby Stockholm and Lake Mälaren area. Historical documents from the early 17th century suggest that trade in water birds, specifically common eiders, long-tailed ducks, velvet scoters, and mergansers, was conducted from the archipelago area around Stockholm and from the Åland Islands. The zooarchaeological assemblages suggest that this trade had been ongoing for centuries before it was documented in the administrative records.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular Changes in Craniofacial Morphology Over the Last 2000 Years in Milan, Italy","authors":"Lucie Biehler-Gomez,&nbsp;Daniele Maria Gibelli,&nbsp;Lucrezia Rodella,&nbsp;Giorgio Manzi,&nbsp;Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1002/oa.3414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to analyze secular changes in craniofacial morphology over 2000 years in Milan, examining variations in cranial dimensions across historical periods and between sexes. It utilizes standard anthropometric techniques to provide insights into the evolution of craniofacial morphology within this urban population. The study includes 213 crania from five historical periods, with 29 craniofacial measurements selected based on established bioarchaeological practices. These measurements are commonly used in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological research, as outlined in standard data collection procedure manuals. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, z-scores, and post hoc comparisons, were performed to identify significant temporal changes and sex-specific differences in cranial dimensions. Significant secular changes were detected in eight craniofacial measurements: Maxillo-Alveolar Breadth, Foramen Magnum Breadth and Length, Biasterionic Breadth, Orbital Breadth, Parietal Chord, Cranial Base Length, and Bimaxillary Breadth. Variations between sexes were noted, with Biasterionic Breadth showing significant change in females, and Foramen Magnum Breadth, Orbital Breadth, and Bimaxillary Breadth in males. Post hoc analyses highlighted shifts in cranial dimensions from the Roman to the Contemporary era, suggesting consistent trends towards broader foramen magnum and midface dimensions over time. This study is the first to comprehensively document craniofacial morphological changes across all major historical periods in Milan, revealing significant diachronic trends likely driven by environmental, cultural, and demographic factors. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of cranial morphology as it adapts to changing lifestyles and conditions, reflecting Milan's complex history of biological and cultural transformations. Further research is needed to corroborate these trends and explore their underlying causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken Consumption in Three Early Modern (17th–19th Century) Cities in Japan","authors":"Kai-hsuan Hsu,&nbsp;Masashi Maruyama,&nbsp;Masaki Eda","doi":"10.1002/oa.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries <span>BCE</span>), but widespread consumption did not occur until the Edo period (17th to 19th centuries) based on historical documents and archaeological material. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, this study analyzed bird remains recovered from sites in three cities: Edo (early modern Tokyo), Nagasaki, and Osaka. We focused on temporal changes and regional differences in the frequency of chicken bones and the growth stages and sex ratios of chickens targeted for consumption. Our findings revealed that the most frequently consumed birds in Edo City during the 17th and 18th centuries were wild ducks and geese. Chicken consumption increased in the Edo period during the 19th century, particularly in samurai residences. By contrast, chicken consumption was popular among the townspeople in Nagasaki and Osaka and among Dutch merchants in Nagasaki since the 17th century. At the former residences of samurai and townspeople in Edo City and Osaka, most of the chickens consumed were male, mature birds, with an increase in the consumption of hens and juvenile chickens in Edo City by the 19th century. Conversely, juvenile chickens and hens were consumed more frequently in Nagasaki than in other cities since the 17th century. These findings suggest regional differences in the spread of chickens as part of the diet consumption and the age and sex of the birds consumed in early modern Japan.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT Examination Reveals a Possible Case of Otosclerosis in an Early Bronze Age Individual From Poland","authors":"Magdalena Kozerska,&nbsp;Anita Szczepanek,&nbsp;Paweł Jarosz,&nbsp;Jacek Tarasiuk,&nbsp;Sebastian Wroński,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczny,&nbsp;Aleksandra Sobolewska","doi":"10.1002/oa.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary imaging techniques, particularly micro–computed tomography, enable detailed visualization and analysis of pathological changes in skeletal remains. This study examines the right temporal bone of a male individual from the Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture (2200–2000 <span>bc</span>), discovered in southeastern Poland. Macroscopic analysis revealed significant unilateral enlargement of the right petrous part and mastoid process. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying condition using high-resolution micro–computed tomography imaging. Scanning with a Nanotom 180 N device (30-μm-slice thickness) revealed substantial structural destruction of the otic capsule, consistent with a diagnosis of otosclerosis. The mastoid process was notably widened, with a clearly visible Koerner's septum. Comparative analysis with a nonpathological reference bone and the absence of systemic skeletal changes helped to rule out differential diagnoses such as osteogenesis imperfecta, otosyphilis, and Paget's disease. Micro–computed tomography provided exceptional insight into the internal architecture of the temporal bone, revealing detailed features associated with otosclerosis, including a hypodense focus in the region of the fissula ante fenestram and the “double ring sign” of the cochlea. These findings underscore the diagnostic power of micro–computed tomography in paleopathology and its potential to uncover subtle yet significant ancient diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Biomechanical Consequences of Leg Amputation in a Warring States Individual (2200 BP) From the Frontier of Northern China","authors":"Ruiqi Zou,&nbsp;Haiyang Xing,&nbsp;Min Yi,&nbsp;Yuran Niu,&nbsp;Muqier He,&nbsp;Quanchao Zhang,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1002/oa.3409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3409","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leg amputation leads to irreversible limb loss and physical impairments, which requires local and systemic skeletal adaptations. The functional morphology of amputees in antiquity has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an individual with signs of lower limb amputation who lived 2200 years ago during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was assessed using functional morphological approaches. The skeleton demonstrated functional morphological adaptations both locally and systematically. Bone thickness and enthesis changes of the amputated leg had signs of atrophy, indicating functional decline and prolonged disuse after the amputation. After amputation, the individual relied on his upper limbs for balance and support. Besides, the individual experienced considerable lumbar strain attributable to his postamputation lifestyle and compensatory movement patterns. The reason for amputation might be penal in a military setting. These findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of limb function and the challenges faced by amputees, offering insights into the consequences of such procedures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Isotope Analysis Combined With ZooMS Reveals the Subsistence Strategies at Wupu Cemetery in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China","authors":"Li Liu,&nbsp;Nuoyang Sun,&nbsp;Enguo Lyu,&nbsp;Huiyun Rao,&nbsp;Bin Han,&nbsp;Hongen Jiang,&nbsp;Yimin Yang","doi":"10.1002/oa.3408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2nd millennium <span>bce</span>, domestic ruminants were introduced to the eastern Tianshan Mountains (ETM) of Xinjiang, China, leading to the emergence of settled pastoralism and agro-pastoral economy. Since around the early Iron Age (1000 <span>bce</span>), the nomadic pastoral culture arose in this area. However, how this process influenced the diet of ancient people in the transitional period during the Bronze–Iron Age, and the resilience to adapt to different natural environments still needs further study. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses are performed on human hairs (<i>n</i> = 18), wools (<i>n</i> = 6), leathers (<i>n</i> = 3), and millet seeds (<i>n</i> = 5) from Wupu cemetery, dating to 3000–2400 cal BP in Hami basin, ETM. Three leather samples are identified as sheep or cattle by zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry. The δ¹³C divergence between wool samples (−20.0 ± 1.3‰) and cattle leather (−15.3‰ and −9.6‰) suggests a compound feeding strategy of sheep grazing in the natural environment and cattle raising in pens. The result of human hairs (δ¹³C = −16.7 ± 1.6‰, δ¹⁵N = 12.3 ± 1.6‰) indicates a subsistence strategy of C₃/C₄ mixed agriculture integrated with pastoralism at Wupu. Then, we collected δ¹⁵N values of domestic herbivores (<i>n</i> = 120) at low and high altitudes in the ETM as baselines to calculate human-herbivore δ¹⁵N offsets at different altitudes. The results show that a certain percentage of individuals with an offset value below 3‰ are present in all low-altitude sites dominated by agro-pastoralism. However, in the high-altitude sites dominated by nomadic pastoralism, there are no such individuals. Thus, human-herbivore δ¹⁵N offset values may have great potential to differentiate different lifestyles in the Eurasia steppe, where herbivores are the dominant domestic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}