International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

{"title":"Diet and Oral Health in Pre-Columbian South America: A Comparative Study of Hunter-Gatherers and Horticulturalists From the Lower Paraná Wetland (Argentina)","authors":"Bárbara Mazza,&nbsp;Daniel Loponte,&nbsp;Alejandro Acosta","doi":"10.1002/oa.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between diet and oral health has long been explored in archaeology, with significant differences observed between populations with distinct subsistence strategies. This study examines the prevalence of dental caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), periapical lesions, dental calculus, and occlusal wear in hunter-gatherer and horticulturalist populations from the Lower Paraná wetland (southern La Plata Basin, Argentina). Our primary objective is to evaluate how dietary differences influenced oral health in these pre-Columbian groups and contextualize the findings within broader pre-Columbian trends from Argentina. The analyzed sample includes skeletal and dental remains from 178 hunter-gatherers (26 sites) and 29 horticulturalists (3 sites), dated between &lt; 2000–500 and 700–300 ¹⁴C years <span>bp</span>, respectively. Statistical comparisons employed chi-square tests, Monte Carlo permutations, odds ratios, bootstrap tests, and generalized linear models. Wear rates were calculated using principal axis methods. Results indicate a significantly lower prevalence of dental caries in hunter-gatherers (2%) compared to horticulturalists (8.8%), linked to lower carbohydrate intake. AMTL and occlusal wear were more frequent in hunter-gatherers (AMTL = 4% vs. 0.8%), likely influenced by dietary abrasives and protein-rich consumption. No statistical differences were found between populations in periapical lesions and dental calculus, suggesting multifactorial origins beyond diet alone. In contrast to expectations, male hunter-gatherers exhibited higher caries (2% vs. 0.5%) and wear rates than females, potentially related to dietary habits or paramasticatory activities. These findings align with global trends, situating hunter-gatherers among low-caries/high-wear populations and horticulturalists within mixed-diet groups. This study contributes to understanding dietary impacts on oral health in pre-Columbian South America, emphasizing the need for expanded samples to refine sex-based and wear-related interpretations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"179-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Phalanx Morphometrics Reveals Camelid Morphotype Variability at Los Batanes (11th/12th c. ce), Southern Coastal Peru","authors":"Ruoyu Zhu,&nbsp;Sarah Kennedy,&nbsp;Arturo F. Rivera Infante,&nbsp;Sarah I. Baitzel","doi":"10.1002/oa.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Archaeological excavations at Los Batanes in the Sama Valley (southern Peru) have brought to light a newly founded diasporic settlement following the demise of the Tiwanaku State (ca. 500–1000 <span>ce</span>). Previous research has suggested that the residents practiced a multiresource agropastoral subsistence strategy, with South American camelids (SACs) serving as the primary large mammals. Native to the Andean highlands, camelids at Los Batanes (500 masl) highlight the need to evaluate which species were herded in the hyperarid coastal desert of southern Peru to elucidate their economic function. In this study, we analyze camelid first phalanges from Los Batanes using established morphometric techniques and compare our results with reference datasets derived from modern camelid species. Our findings reveal significant morphometric variability in camelids from Los Batanes, with sizes spanning the range of extant SAC species. The predominance of large-sized camelids in the sample, alongside evidence of small and intermediate forms, shows a diversified morphotype selection by ancient agropastoralists. These results indicate the presence of more than one camelid species or breed. This study provides critical baseline data on species diversity, advancing our understanding of pre-Hispanic herding practices and camelid uses in the hyperarid coastal environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Sex Estimation for Human Remains From Archaeological Contexts: Machine Learning Models Based on Ancient Dion, Greece","authors":"Chrysovalantis Constantinou,&nbsp;Efthymia Nikita,&nbsp;Paraskevi Tritsaroli","doi":"10.1002/oa.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimation of sex in the analysis of human remains from archaeological contexts is an essential tool for reconstructing the demographic profile of past populations and their lifestyles. Methods for skeletal sex estimation are commonly based on visual assessment of the pelvis and cranium, but their application is often limited by the poor preservation of these elements in archaeological collections. Several standards have been developed to predict skeletal sex from metric methods, but interpopulation differences and secular change make the applicability of these methods in archaeological contexts problematic. In this paper, we propose population-specific standards for sex estimation using metric data from the postcranial skeletons of 48 individuals (18 males and 30 females) excavated at ancient Dion, Greece. We applied different imputation methods for missing data and different models for sex prediction (Logistic Regression, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Random Forest) and compared their performance using a range of metrics. The results show that classification performance varies depending on the skeletal measurements used, the amount of missing data, and whether variables are analyzed individually or in groups. Nonetheless, the accuracies achieved are very high (around or above 90%), both for most univariate and almost all multivariate models. Despite the limitations imposed by the small size of the sample, more such initiatives in the future will improve population-specific sex prediction models by including additional archaeological assemblages from other regions and periods and assemblages with larger sample sizes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"162-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleopathological Analysis of the Early Byzantine Iasos Society in Türkiye","authors":"Merve Gümrükçü Uslu,&nbsp;Ayla Sevim Erol,&nbsp;Asuman Baldiran","doi":"10.1002/oa.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ancient city of Iasos, located in the Kıyıkışlacık district of Muğla province within the borders of Caria, has a very important place in illuminating the past of Anatolian societies. Paleopathological analysis was conducted on the skeletons of individuals belonging to the Early Byzantine community of Iasos to investigate the health problems of the society and to compare the society with other contemporary ancient Anatolian societies in terms of paleopathology. Lesion prevalence indicates that the Byzantine community of Iasos had a better quality of health than the other populations in the region. However, demographic analysis shows a different pattern, with higher than expected nonadult mortality rates. This could indicate the presence of diseases that affected its youngest members. However, the infants were found next to the sacred area of the Basilica, so they were buried in this area on purpose as they were considered to be sinless. In consequence, the apparently high infant mortality rate may just reflect that the areas excavated contained all the infants but not all the adults originally buried there. This study emphasizes that in paleopathological studies, data should be interpreted by considering multiple lines of evidence.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neotaphonomic Analysis of Bone Accumulation by a Nocturnal Raptor (Bubo bubo): Evidence From Avian Remains in Oliva Mountain (Tarragona, Spain)","authors":"Mario Marqueta,&nbsp;Maria Boada,&nbsp;Carmen Núñez-Lahuerta,&nbsp;Rosa Huguet","doi":"10.1002/oa.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raptors play a major role in the formation of avian bone assemblages. To distinguish the agents responsible for accumulations, it is necessary to deepen their taphonomic patterns, derived from the consumption process carried out by the predator. These patterns aid in interpreting fossil assemblages, facilitating palaeoecological reconstruction and the analysis of predator–prey interactions. In turn, different nocturnal raptor species exhibit highly variable consumption and accumulation patterns, whereas even the same species can generate distinct signatures. Consequently, avian accumulations from the same raptor species may vary in prey taxonomy, anatomical representation, and bone surface modifications. Neotaphonomy plays a crucial role in analyzing these patterns in modern bone assemblages, where the predator is known. We analyzed three avian assemblages from different areas of Oliva Mountain (Tarragona, Spain), where the Eurasian eagle-owl (<i>Bubo bubo</i>) foraged for 1 year, revealing different consumption patterns within the same ecological niche. Most remains were accumulated during the breeding season; however, the observed patterns suggest the predator mainly used this area for roosting. Differences in functionality—plucking, dismemberment, and regurgitation—of the analyzed assemblages according to prey consumption stages by <i>B. bubo</i> have been identified. The consumed prey primarily belong to Columbiformes and Passeriformes, exhibiting variability in anatomical representation, beak modifications, and digestion damage across the studied areas. In the case of Columbiformes, greater peck damage on the scapular joints suggests wing detachment to facilitate consumption by <i>B. bubo</i>. On the other hand, Passeriformes exhibited fewer beak marks but higher digestion rates, likely due to full ingestion. In this study, we provide a new neotaphonomic perspective on the accumulations generated by a nocturnal raptor such as <i>B. bubo</i>, documenting its ability to produce different avian assemblages depending on the stage of prey consumption. This enables the characterization of distinct prey consumption and accumulation patterns by a specific species, which allows for the recognition of these patterns in fossil assemblages and the identification of potential accumulating agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"136-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate Prey Accumulations by the Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus, Aves: Falconiformes): A Neo-Taphonomic Study in an Urban Area From Central Western Argentina","authors":"Nicolás M. Guardia,&nbsp;Miguel A. Giardina,&nbsp;Horacio Chiavazza,&nbsp;José Manuel López","doi":"10.1002/oa.3413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taphonomic research is essential for understanding the formation and dynamics of archaeological and palaeontological records. We present a multi-taxa neo-taphonomic analysis of prey remains accumulated by the crested caracara (carancho) (<i>Caracara plancus</i>) in a site located within the city of Mendoza, the main urban area of central western Argentina. We developed a taphonomic analysis with the aim of elucidating traces and patterns attributable to this raptor from its accumulated prey remains. In summary, we found prey samples composed mainly of small birds, especially pigeons, although we also identified some bone remains of domestic cat. The ingested prey remains recovered from inside pellets showed a high degree of fragmentation, a low frequency of mechanical marks, and a high proportion and degree of digested elements. In terms of element representation, there are a underrepresentation of cranial elements, a higher representation of carpometacarpus (almost 50%), and an equal representation of wing and leg elements of the skeleton with better preservation of limb elements than of axial elements and many of the bones disarticulated. The non-ingested prey remains showed a high degree of articulation (almost 50%), a moderate degree of fragmentation, and a high proportion of mechanical marks associated with handling and tearing mechanisms of <i>C. plancus</i>. The sternum and humerus were the best represented skeletal elements (more than 60% of relative abundance), low representation of cranial elements, a predominance of wing over leg elements, and equal representation of axial and limb bones. This pattern will help distinguish taphonomic marks left by the crested caracara on prey remains and contribute to a regional taphonomic perspective for elucidating the animal bone remains in central western Argentina.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"106-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neolithic Lifeways at the Microlevel: Isobiographies From Italy","authors":"Silvia Soncin,&nbsp;Sofia Panella,&nbsp;Sara Bernardini,&nbsp;Jess Emma Thompson,&nbsp;Gwenaëlle Goude,&nbsp;Martina di Matteo,&nbsp;Francesca Alhaique,&nbsp;Krista McGrath,&nbsp;Francesca Radina,&nbsp;Sandra Sivilli,&nbsp;Maria Giovanna Belcastro,&nbsp;Valentina Mariotti,&nbsp;John Robb,&nbsp;Mary Anne Tafuri","doi":"10.1002/oa.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Characterization of prehistoric lifeways tends to work at the level of generalization, but can we investigate microvariation? For example, it is common to discuss the “Neolithic diet”, but how much did what people ate vary, not only between individuals but from year to year or from place to place? Similarly, discussions of mobility tend to focus either on large-scale population movements or on lifelong changes in residence, implying that people remained statically in their villages under other circumstances, but how much did people normally move around the landscape? The “isobiography” approach we apply here combines fine-grained incremental sampling of multiple isotopes to investigate these questions. Here, we explore the life histories of five Neolithic individuals from Passo di Corvo (Foggia) and Titolo (Bari) in Puglia, southeastern Italy, by analyzing the stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopic signals from bone elements and dentine increments. Our findings unveil nuanced individual narratives. Variations in breastfeeding and weaning practices suggest flexible cultural norms; aquatic resources may have been introduced during weaning and their consumption continued during childhood in some individuals. Broadly, our findings reveal adaptations throughout the lifespans studied, potentially reflecting dietary shifts or physiological responses to climatic, environmental, or nutritional challenges. Additionally, our data indicate connections beyond local contexts: Some individuals were mobile over short ranges (Passo di Corvo), whereas others displayed connections to more distant inland locations (Titolo). Our study underscores the complexity of Neolithic lifeways, demonstrating variations not only between individuals but also within the lifespan of a single individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"122-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing Osteoarchaeology Review Articles With Impact","authors":"Piers D. Mitchell,&nbsp;Robin Bendrey","doi":"10.1002/oa.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Writing a review article is a different skill to writing a research article. Rather than presenting new data from a research project, a review article brings together information already available in the published literature in order to collate, critique, and interrogate it (Fang &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Jalongo and Saracho &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Rewhorn &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Reviews have the advantage that they give an overview of a topic that can act as a starting point for others to learn more if it is not already their area of expertise. They can also highlight to other scholars gaps in current knowledge where further research is needed, and thus also provide a good resource for early career academics to identify research areas with the most potential to help develop careers. In other words, they tell us what we know and what we need to know (Paul and Criado &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). In consequence, reviews are often quoted more frequently than papers that make up the original research base for that topic, typically with around three times more citations than original research (Miranda and Garcia-Carpintero &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent issues of the &lt;i&gt;International Journal of Osteoarchaeology&lt;/i&gt;, review articles have been published on fracture non-unions in past populations (Monje-Calleja et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), cremated bone (Squires et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), human juvenile sex estimation from the pelvis (Griffith and Rando &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), and sturgeons from archaeological sites in Ukraine (Volynskyi and Kovalchuk &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;). But what makes a literature review publishable, and what turns a mediocre review into one that gets everyone talking?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reviews can be approached in a range of different ways, such as narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and bibliometric reviews (Amobonye et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). However, from the perspective of impact, there are two main types of review that tend to be submitted to journals. The first merely summarizes the published literature for a topic and then stops without critical exploration of the evidence. While there is some merit in bringing together the literature so others can look up those papers and read more about the subject, taking this approach misses the opportunity for maximizing the knowledge potential from gathering this information. These reviews often have limited impact and consequently will be harder to publish, as journal editors and peer reviewers are more likely to reject them. Literature reviews in postgraduate theses sometimes form useful bases for publication, but it is important to make sure that submissions are critically framed and well-focused pieces of work and not primarily descriptive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A more successful approach is to then take that information to analyze it in new and innovative ways, so that an improved understanding of the field can be found (Tay &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Creating larger datasets compiled from the original source publica","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contacts and Trades in the Iron Age: The Fauna of Stufles, Italy","authors":"Silvia Eccher","doi":"10.1002/oa.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent archaeozoological studies of some buildings dating from the 6th to 1st century <span>BC</span> in the village of Stufles in Bressanone (South Tyrol, Italy) have uncovered crucial remains that underscore the significance of Stufles in relations and trade with the Venetian and Etruscan areas. Uncommon species in the Alpine area, such as the donkey, the mule, and a shell of Mediterranean origin, reflect the exchange of goods between the Alpine and, presumably, the Adriatic region. The osteometric data of some bones (e.g., horse), differing from the set of species measurements, may suggest imports of breeds or crosses. The presence of species, such as chicken and horse, at a time (6th century <span>BC</span>) when they were still rare in the Alpine area, once again indicates contacts with other populations.</p>\u0000 <p>These findings complement the numerous archaeological remains that have surfaced in the village in recent decades. Traces of roads dating back to the Iron Age have been discovered within the village. Additionally, the discovery a few years ago of the remains of wine storage barrels and wheels (Bressanone-Rosslauf) laid the groundwork for hypothesizing trade and commerce with the Etruscan world, which exported wine.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Synanthropic Birds Appeared in Medieval Novgorod the Great and Tver (Russia): Historical and Zooarchaeological Accounts","authors":"A. V. Zinoviev","doi":"10.1002/oa.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the historical synanthropization of birds in medieval Novgorod and Tver (10th–15th centuries) through archaeological analysis of bird bones, revealing patterns of urban adaptation amid preservation challenges. Despite the poor recovery of avian remains, which biases assemblages due to postdepositional degradation, findings highlight early synanthropic integration: corvids (ravens, hooded crows, rooks, and jackdaws) and pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) emerged as key urban adapters. Extreme synurbanists like feral pigeons and Eurasian tree sparrows (<i>Passer montanus</i>) were documented by the 13th century, while magpies (<i>Pica pica</i>) and starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) showed later medieval colonization. Challenges in distinguishing true synanthropes from seasonal visitors (e.g., raptor prey) underscore methodological complexities, compounded by the absence of references in medieval texts. The study emphasizes the early role of human-modified landscapes in shaping avian ecology and calls for advanced techniques to refine interpretations of urban bird remains in archaeological contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}