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The Archaeology of Providence Island: Liberian Heritage beyond Settlement
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.46
Matthew C. Reilly, Caree A. Banton, Craig Stevens, Chrislyn Laurie Laurore
{"title":"The Archaeology of Providence Island: Liberian Heritage beyond Settlement","authors":"Matthew C. Reilly, Caree A. Banton, Craig Stevens, Chrislyn Laurie Laurore","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2022 bicentennial of the arrival of Black Americans to West African shores was a moment of reflection for many Liberians. In the wake of civil war, many questioned the celebratory tone of the occasion and challenged settler heritage narratives. At the same time, Providence Island featured prominently in official programming. Since 2019, our Back-to-Africa Heritage and Archaeology project has worked on the island to investigate the site's function beyond the mythic 1822 encounter between those seeking freedom from racial injustice in the Americas and Indigenous West Africans, instead offering a more inclusive and complex account of the public heritage space. We specifically focus on deposits that date to the decades prior to, during, and after 1822, demonstrating the tensions surrounding freedom-making and Black Republicanism from past to present, concluding that the binary of pre- and post-settlement fails to capture the complexities of Liberian pasts that unfolded on the island.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Re-Membering Our Impossible Worlds: Black Archaeology for Amazonian Africans
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.49
G. Omoni Hartemann
{"title":"Re-Membering Our Impossible Worlds: Black Archaeology for Amazonian Africans","authors":"G. Omoni Hartemann","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article stems from the encounter of ancestral stories and archaeological knowledge for Africans in Amazonia. Against colonial fragmentation and anti-Blackness, these theoretical reflections are rooted in Black Archaeology as a praxis of redress. The continuing struggles of ancestral and contemporary Black Amazonian communities, who insist on anti-colonial modes of existence, connect with the need to indigenize the archaeological mode of knowledge through otherwise world-senses as ontoepistemological references. These questions emerged during the first steps of the ongoing collaborative archaeological project <span>Pitit'Latè</span>. The founding story of Mana, an Amazonian village built in 1836 by the hands, heads, spirits, and technologies of more than 400 West Africans captured in the illegal transatlantic trade, serves as the epistemological bones of this research about Black Amazonian territorialities and materialities that remain erased in dominant colonial discourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Biophysical Afterlife of Slavery Signaled through Coral Architectural Stones at Heritage Sites on St. Croix
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.45
Ayana Omilade Flewellen
{"title":"The Biophysical Afterlife of Slavery Signaled through Coral Architectural Stones at Heritage Sites on St. Croix","authors":"Ayana Omilade Flewellen","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article concerns itself with how archaeologists and other heritage studies professionals contend with temporal collapse on landscapes that hold African Diasporic histories. Coral stones lay the foundation of colonial architecture on the island of St. Croix in the US Virgin Islands. This article explores how buildings constructed of coral stones during the colonial era are still in use today, either restored or repurposed, along with examples of how coral is being used as an artistic medium in contemporary sculptures that collapse time and demand heritage studies professionals to tend to the persistence of colonial violence in the present. Here, coral—via the structures built out of it—is discussed as a mnemonic device for the biophysical afterlife of slavery. In this article, linear temporal distinctions of past, present, and future are called into question on St. Croix, where colonial structures act as ruptures in conceptualizations of time and serve as palimpsestual reminders of the past in the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ties that Bind: The Long Emancipation and Status Ambiguity in Early Twentieth-Century Southwestern Tanzania
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.47
Lydia Wilson Marshall, Thomas John Biginagwa
{"title":"Ties that Bind: The Long Emancipation and Status Ambiguity in Early Twentieth-Century Southwestern Tanzania","authors":"Lydia Wilson Marshall, Thomas John Biginagwa","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the 1890s, the slave and ivory trader Rashid bin Masoud established the settlement Kikole deep in what is now southwestern Tanzania. Kikole was strategically located near Lake Nyasa, a major slaving region. Masoud's followers residing at Kikole were typically referred to as his slaves by German colonists and missionaries. Local oral histories today, however, define these followers as <span>askari</span> (soldiers or guards) or <span>mafundi</span> (technicians or specialists; in this case, in using weaponry). This article considers how recent expanded excavations at Kikole can help us better understand Masoud's followers. Differences in housing investment and material access suggest status differences among residents: any single definition of Masoud's followers may be inadequate. A broader concern addressed in this article is how we define slavery itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entangled Landscape: Spatial Discipline and Liminal Freedom in Coastal Sierra Leone
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.44
Oluseyi Odunyemi Agbelusi
{"title":"Entangled Landscape: Spatial Discipline and Liminal Freedom in Coastal Sierra Leone","authors":"Oluseyi Odunyemi Agbelusi","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I present the freedom narratives of the diverse enslaved Africans who were liberated from barracoons and captured slave vessels and resettled at Regent Village on the Sierra Leone peninsula in the nineteenth century. Following the British abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1807, the British Royal Navy patrolled the West Atlantic Sea and redirected illegal slave vessels to Sierra Leone, where the Vice-Admiralty Court (which became the Mixed Commissions in 1820) would set them free from slavery. While legally free from bondage, liberated Africans became colonial subjects living in a nascent British colony. What can historical archaeology reveal about the history of freedom among diasporic ethnic identities at Regent Village? I answer this broad question by drawing on historical and archaeological data to demonstrate how people navigated and transformed the village landscape, as well as the decisions and choices they made at the household level, focusing on selected two house loci, which serve as a case study. I concentrate mainly on the identities, experiences, and historical narratives of liberated Africans in the village and extend the discussion to the lives of their descendants who continue to negotiate issues of power and control in contemporary Sierra Leone.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Positioning Maroon Archaeologies to Face Racial Violence in Ecuador
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.50
Daniela C. Balanzátegui Moreno, Génesis I. Delgado Vernaza
{"title":"Positioning Maroon Archaeologies to Face Racial Violence in Ecuador","authors":"Daniela C. Balanzátegui Moreno, Génesis I. Delgado Vernaza","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents an approach to study marronage from the perspective of critical social archaeology, which encompasses the perpetuation of several layers of racial violence endured by the Afro-Ecuadorian population as legacies of slavery and colonialism. Collaborative and community-based projects in the ancestral Afro-Ecuadorian territories of the Chota Valley and Esmeraldas, and in the city of Guayaquil, are a basis for mapping Afro-Ecuadorian resistance strategies in the hacienda, urban, <span>palenque,</span> and border contexts. Marronage, as a response to racial oppression and systemic exploitation, has transformed over time, demonstrating the agency of the Afro-Ecuadorian community against structural violence. Archaeology illuminates the Maroon experience and its legacy in ancestral historical memory by including a critical study of slavery in the household context of plantation settings, identifying the dynamics of oppression and resistance, mapping routes of fugitivity, and examining the networks connecting actions of marronage. This study is an essential step in reconstructing the neglected history of Afro-Ecuadorian resistance and its role in shaping Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An imperium in imperio: A Geospatial Analysis of Defensibility and Accessibility of Maroon Settlements in Dominica
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.48
Jonathan Rodriguez, Diane Wallman, Lennox Honychurch
{"title":"An imperium in imperio: A Geospatial Analysis of Defensibility and Accessibility of Maroon Settlements in Dominica","authors":"Jonathan Rodriguez, Diane Wallman, Lennox Honychurch","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the Maroon landscape of the Caribbean island of Dominica (Wai'tukubuli) by creating a geographic information system (GIS) model to determine the reasons behind settlement location choices. For more than 50 years, hundreds of self-emancipated Africans inhabited the mountainous interior of Dominica, where they formed various communities that actively resisted European colonialism and slavery not only to maintain their freedom but to assist in liberating enslaved Africans throughout the island. Contemporary Dominican communities maintain connections to these revolutionary ancestors through the landscape and continuing cultural practices. None of the Maroon encampments, however, have been studied archaeologically. This study uses geospatial methods to understand the visibility, defensibility, and spatial accessibility of nine Maroon camps. The results of the viewshed and least cost path analysis allows us to map Dominican Maroon social networks and reimagine the possible routes that the Maroons took to maintain their freedom.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Archaeologies of the Long Emancipation: An Introduction
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.53
Matthew C. Reilly, Craig Stevens
{"title":"Global Archaeologies of the Long Emancipation: An Introduction","authors":"Matthew C. Reilly, Craig Stevens","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article serves as an introduction to this guest-edited special issue of <span>American Antiquity</span> entitled “Global Archaeologies of the Long Emancipation.” We begin by discussing Rinaldo Walcott's notion of the Long Emancipation, noting how the failed promises of the legal ending of slavery led to sensations of freedom and ongoing forms of anti-Blackness. In response, Black communities have employed various strategies in pursuit of freedom. We then apply this argument to archaeological thought and practice, suggesting that archaeology is well positioned to provide evidence of Black creativity, action, and struggle in a variety of global contexts. The article closes with an overview of this special issue, which includes a brief summary of individual contributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Relationship between Diet and Porous Cranial Lesions in the Southwest United States: A Review
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.61
Lexi O'Donnell, Cait McPherson
{"title":"The Relationship between Diet and Porous Cranial Lesions in the Southwest United States: A Review","authors":"Lexi O'Donnell, Cait McPherson","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioarchaeologists commonly record porous cranial lesions (PCLs). They have varied etiologies but are frequently associated with nutritional anemia without a differential diagnosis. This article provides a literature review, evaluates diet in the US Southwest over time, and identifies issues with associating PCLs with poor diet in this region. Generally, diet was adequate across time and space. Although maize was a dietary staple, other food items such as rabbits and amaranth provided complementary micronutrients. PCLs exhibit varied morphologies, which generally correspond with age: those characterized by fine, scattered porosity are associated with younger ages at death. Variation in PCL morphology indicates different and sometimes unrelated etiologies. Nutritional anemia is an insufficient explanation for PCL frequency in the Southwest, partly because the diet was adequate across time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Starch Granule Evidence for Biscuitroot (Lomatium spp.) Processing at Upland Rock Art Sites in Warner Valley, Oregon
IF 2.8 1区 历史学
American Antiquity Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.42
Stefania L. Wilks, Lisbeth A. Louderback, Heidi M. Simper, William J. Cannon
{"title":"Starch Granule Evidence for Biscuitroot (Lomatium spp.) Processing at Upland Rock Art Sites in Warner Valley, Oregon","authors":"Stefania L. Wilks, Lisbeth A. Louderback, Heidi M. Simper, William J. Cannon","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2024.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geophytes are hardy, resilient plants that are tolerant of cold temperatures and drought and are well documented as a reliable food source for hunter-gatherers worldwide. Human settlement patterns and foraging behaviors have long been associated with the use of nutrient-dense geophytes rich in carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Indigenous communities in the northern Great Basin developed cultural practices centered around gathering, preparing, and consuming important geophytic plants. These practices became deeply embedded in their cultural identity, forming rituals, stories, and traditions that persist today. Although there is strong ethnographic precedent for the significance of geophytes, finding evidence of their use in the archaeological record remains a challenge. This study analyzed archaeological starch residue extracted from bedrock metates in the uplands of Warner Valley, Oregon. Systematic studies of starch granules collected from extant plant communities growing near archaeological sites were applied to the identification of archaeological granules. Starch granules from geophytes, specifically <span>Lomatium</span> spp. (biscuitroot), were identified on metate surfaces at all sites, thus providing direct evidence for the collection and processing of geophyte vegetables. Evidence of geophyte plant processing on bedrock metates contributes to archaeological theories about subsistence strategies, food-processing technologies, social organization, and cultural practices in past human societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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