Medical History最新文献

Improvised care: Jewish refugee medicine and public health in wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945. 临时护理：战时上海的犹太难民医疗和公共卫生，1938-1945。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10094

Yun Xia, Qin Cai

{"title":"Improvised care: Jewish refugee medicine and public health in wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945.","authors":"Yun Xia, Qin Cai","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10094","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1938 and 1941, nearly 20,000 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution arrived in wartime Shanghai, a city already destabilized by the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), mass displacement, and fragmented governance. Their arrival exposed the limits of Shanghai's overstretched public health system while also generating new forms of medical organisation, refugee self-governance, and intercultural collaboration. Drawing on archival records, refugee memoirs, wartime newspapers, and medical journals, this article reconstructs the development of an improvised yet integrated refugee healthcare infrastructure between 1939 and 1945. The article argues that refugee medicine in Shanghai evolved beyond emergency relief into a broader regime of care comprising hospitals, nutrition programmes, sanitation campaigns, disease surveillance, and work-relief initiatives. Far from being passive recipients of humanitarian aid, refugee physicians became central actors in constructing and administering this system. In conditions of institutional fragmentation and material scarcity, they adapted European medical knowledge to unfamiliar climatic and epidemiological environments, collaborated with Chinese practitioners and local institutions, and contributed to new forms of medical knowledge production. The Shanghai case complicates conventional narratives of humanitarian governance and colonial medicine. Rather than operating under a centralised state or colonial authority, refugee healthcare emerged through negotiations among municipal authorities, international aid organisations, occupying military force, and Jewish communities. Wartime Shanghai thus became not merely a 'port of last resort,' but a significant site of transnational medical production in which displacement reshaped both medical practice and the meaning of care.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond reasonable doubt: antidepressants and the limits of scientific critique. 排除合理怀疑：抗抑郁药和科学批判的局限性。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10090

John Goulder

引用次数: 0

'Bringing natural behaviour into the laboratory': international networks, aggression research, and Czechoslovak psychopharmacology in the 1970s. “将自然行为带入实验室”：20世纪70年代的国际网络、攻击研究和捷克斯洛伐克精神药理学。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10089

Jakub Střelec

{"title":"'Bringing natural behaviour into the laboratory': international networks, aggression research, and Czechoslovak psychopharmacology in the 1970s.","authors":"Jakub Střelec","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10089","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the development of ethological research on aggression in late socialist Czechoslovakia, focusing on the work of pharmacologist Miloslav Kršiak (1939-2016) at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Drawing on archival records, personal correspondence, and institutional sources, it examines Kršiak's international networks and shows how he sustained collaborations with colleagues abroad, as well as the strategies he adopted to navigate the political setting of the Normalization period. The study also demonstrates how ethological approaches were adapted to meet state socialist research priorities, particularly in the study of addiction to over-the-counter analgesics. It suggests that, although pharmacological research on aggression drew on a shared transnational repertoire of methods, its development and uses were shaped by the political structures, institutional routines, and public health priorities of late state socialism. By tracing both transnational exchange and local adaptation, the article contributes to a more differentiated history of Cold War science and to a broader understanding of how biological approaches to aggressive behaviour took shape in different post-war settings.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The end of cataract couching: controversies around the decline, resurgence, and demise of a surgical practice in early modern and modern France. 白内障手术的结束：围绕在近现代和现代法国手术实践的衰落，复兴和消亡的争议。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10078

Corinne Doria

引用次数: 0

'A Voice from the Workhouse': contesting medical care in Victorian New Poor Law workhouses. “济贫院的声音”：维多利亚新济贫法济贫院的医疗保健之争。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10092

Alistair Ritch

引用次数: 0

'Building the atomic clinic': nuclear research in medicine after the Second World War - an introduction. “建立原子诊所”：第二次世界大战后医学中的核研究——导论。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-12 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10086

Johannes Mattes, Cécile Philippe, Maria Rentetzi

引用次数: 0

The medical topography of empire: climate, health and J. A. B. Horton's counter data strategies in British West Africa. 帝国的医学地形：气候、健康和J. A. B. Horton在英属西非的反数据策略。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10096

Matthew Daniel Eddy

引用次数: 0

Potions, principles, and the power within: healing between science and spirit in nineteenth-century America. 魔药、原则和内在力量：19世纪美国科学与精神之间的治疗。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10080

Sanaullah Khan

引用次数: 0

The Mental Treatment Act 1930: the first five years and the London County Council mental hospitals. 《1930年精神治疗法》：头五年和伦敦郡议会精神病院。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10077

Claire Hilton

{"title":"The Mental Treatment Act 1930: the first five years and the London County Council mental hospitals.","authors":"Claire Hilton","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10077","url":null,"abstract":"The Mental Treatment Act 1930 amended the Lunacy Act 1890 for England and Wales. It sought to make access to treatment for mentally unwell people more accessible and less stigmatising. The 1930 Act introduced 'voluntary' patient status, permitting any adult to seek early treatment for their mental symptoms, rather than waiting until they were legally 'certifiable' as insane. The Act also created a new category of 'temporary' treatment without certification, which was conceptually challenging to understand and awkward to put into practice.This paper explores the implementation of the 1930 Act over its first five years. It draws on national and London County Council archival sources to gain insights at all levels of implementation.Implementation was a vast undertaking. Considerable cultural adaptation was necessary among those providing services in the community and in institutions. Culture shift was slow, as is common when new interventions are perceived to be more liberal and potentially riskier than tried and tested methods.In the context of the Great Depression, the Act faced competition with other societal and healthcare needs. These matters appeared as influential as whether the Act's directives were mandatory or optional. Lessons from this episode may help inform processes for implementing new mental healthcare legislation in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'A heart within, a God overhead': the making of nuclear medicine in postcolonial India, 1947-1985. “内心的心，头顶的上帝”：1947-1985年后殖民时期印度核医学的发展。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2026.10076

Kapil Patil

{"title":"'A heart within, a God overhead': the making of nuclear medicine in postcolonial India, 1947-1985.","authors":"Kapil Patil","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2026.10076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2026.10076","url":null,"abstract":"The onset of the atomic age in India embodied a unique postcolonial ambition to harness atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Within this vision, nuclear medicine became a key instrument to modernise the country's colonial healthcare infrastructure. For India's nascent community of radiologists, radioisotopes offered a promising frontier in clinical research and therapeutic applications. Yet the development of nuclear medicine was far from a straightforward extension of atomic research into clinical practice. Instead, it took shape within a centralised framework that concentrated technological resources and expertise in a small number of metropolitan centres. The centralisation of nuclear medicine practice was not merely a response to the resource constraints of a postcolonial economy. It also reflected a technopolitical project that linked the modernisation of public healthcare to expanding atomic energy infrastructure. Situating the emergence of nuclear medicine within the intertwined histories of radiology, cancer care, and atomic energy research, the paper examines the postcolonial aspiration to harness advanced medical specialities through the atomic enterprise. In doing so, it unpacks the technopolitics of nuclear medicine, highlighting the politico-epistemic negotiations that shaped its institutionalisation in India.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0