Medical History最新文献

An appropriate technology of breastfeeding in China: 1949-1965. 1949-1965年中国适宜的母乳喂养技术。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10023

Xinyue Wang, Jingjing Su

{"title":"An appropriate technology of breastfeeding in China: 1949-1965.","authors":"Xinyue Wang, Jingjing Su","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10023","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the evolution of breastfeeding practices in twentieth-century China, focusing on the complex interplay between medical knowledge, state policies and social transformation. This study demonstrates how medical recommendations concerning lactation timing, intervals and weaning were shaped by factors beyond purely scientific developments. Mid-twentieth-century biochemical studies validated traditional practices while revolutionising attitudes towards colostrum, marking a critical juncture in Chinese infant nutrition science. Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, maternal and child health initiatives underwent fundamental changes. Drawing on new understanding of breast milk's nutritional value, health benefits, and economic advantages, healthcare professionals and state authorities actively promoted scientific breastfeeding methods. Their multifaceted approach reflected both the dissemination of medical knowledge and the state's strategic consideration of female labour force participation. This study analyses how women's liberation from feudal constraints, changing employment patterns, Soviet medical influence, and advances in artificial feeding technologies shaped breastfeeding practices. Through examining the intersection of medical advice, health policies, and women's labour liberation, it provides fresh insights into the evolution of breastfeeding discourse within Chinese medical circles. Situating these developments within broader medical, social and cultural contexts, this research not only illuminates the multiple factors that shaped modern Chinese infant feeding practices but also contributes to our understanding of the complex relationships between medical practice, state policy, and social change in twentieth-century China.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different aspirations: medicine, activism and uterine vacuum aspiration technology in Spain (1960s-1980s). 不同的愿望：医学，激进主义和子宫真空抽吸技术在西班牙（1960 - 80年代）。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10031

María Mundi-López, Agata Ignaciuk

引用次数: 0

Nourishing food, clean air and exercise: medical debates over environment and polar hygiene on Robert Falcon Scott's British National Antarctic expedition, 1901-1904 - CORRIGENDUM. 营养的食物，干净的空气和运动：罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特的英国国家南极探险队关于环境和极地卫生的医学争论，1901-1904 -勘误表。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10033

Edward Armston-Sheret

引用次数: 0

The ghostwriter and the test-tube baby: a medical breakthrough story. 代笔人和试管婴儿：一个医学突破的故事。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10025

Nick Hopwood

{"title":"The ghostwriter and the test-tube baby: a medical breakthrough story.","authors":"Nick Hopwood","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10025","url":null,"abstract":"Ghostwriting autobiographies has gained so high a profile that novels and films focus on the ghost. To deepen understanding of such collaborations in science and medicine, this article reconstructs the making of A Matter of Life (1980), 'the sensational story of the world's first test-tube baby'. Although critiqued by feminist scholars, revised through research and embellished in fiction, this double autobiography of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe is still the standard history of the British team's work to achieve in vitro fertilisation (IVF). It is thus high time to investigate the debt acknowledged only by 'gratitude for his invaluable help' to the physician and poet Dannie Abse. I use previously unexploited manuscripts to illuminate relationships among authors, rewriter, and editor, and among those they cast as involved in the research. The records show that Abse rewrote underwhelming drafts for a publisher that had bought and sold the doctors' story of the 'baby of the century' and needed a bestseller. To engage readers, he reworked the text so that alleviating infertility appeared as a career-long quest. As a result of adding vivid scenes with characters and expository dialogue, Abse began to give women-wives, assistants and patients-larger roles in the drama. The objections of Edwards and his circle to various literary references and factual claims were overruled. Yet the authors came across more sympathetically, and IVF was promoted more effectively, than in their own drafts. The process puts recent retellings of the story into perspective and exemplifies how collaboration can shape scientific and medical autobiographies.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The treatment of alcoholism that should not exist: Addiction, East German doctors, and Western methods in the German Democratic Republic. 不应该存在的酒精中毒治疗：成瘾，东德医生，以及德意志民主共和国的西方方法。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.9

Markus Wahl

{"title":"The treatment of alcoholism that should not exist: Addiction, East German doctors, and Western methods in the German Democratic Republic.","authors":"Markus Wahl","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.9","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction was considered 'alien to Socialism'. At least, that was the narrative upheld by the socialist East German state, which thus followed the traditional argumentation of socialist and social democratic movements since the turn of the century. While the state clung to this ideological claim, the consumption and abuse of beer, spirits, and benzodiazepines continued to increase. However, there was never a central strategy for the treatment and prevention of addiction in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The hesitation and ignorance of the state authorities created a vacuum that was filled by local initiatives and expert discussions aimed at improving the situation of people with addictions. In this article, I analyse the introduction of new treatment methods in a psychiatric hospital in the GDR and show that doctors, psychologists, patients, and local officials had certain freedoms to test new approaches, many of which originated in the West. Even though they had to adapt concepts such as the 'therapeutic communities' of British reformer Maxwell Jones to the specific socialist and East German context to avoid restrictions by state authorities, the Berlin Wall did not prevent the transfer of knowledge. This article, therefore, paints a nuanced picture of the therapeutic methods used to treat people with addiction in the GDR. From condemning individuals as outcasts of socialist society for socially deviant drinking behaviour and relying exclusively on aversion therapy and moral accusations, there was a shift towards a mixture of treatments that became increasingly specialised and individualised, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, comparable to Western standards.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'At least our pituitaries will see the world': Pituitary gland export from communist Bulgaria. “至少我们的脑下垂体能看到世界”：保加利亚脑下垂体出口。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10029

Daniela Koleva

引用次数: 0

'This restriction of expression': migration, social catastrophes, and psychiatry in Cold War Taiwan. “表达的限制”：冷战时期台湾的移民、社会灾难与精神病学。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10021

Wen-Ji Wang, Yan-Je Yin

{"title":"'This restriction of expression': migration, social catastrophes, and psychiatry in Cold War Taiwan.","authors":"Wen-Ji Wang, Yan-Je Yin","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10021","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the intersection of Cold War geopolitics, cultural psychiatry, and migration in Taiwan from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. Building on recent scholarship in cultural psychiatry and Cold War science, it examines how geopolitical tensions shaped psychiatric knowledge production in East Asia. Focusing on the psychological and social impact of the 1949 mass migration, when over a million Chinese immigrants arrived in Taiwan, alongside the clinical and academic work of Taiwanese psychiatrists, the study highlights how migration and societal upheaval became central research concerns. Operating under the authoritarian Kuomintang regime and within the constraints and opportunities of international politics, Taiwanese psychiatrists - most of whom were native-born with colonial backgrounds - drew on intellectual traditions from imperial Japan, fascist Germany, and the Cold War Western bloc. Navigating both global psychiatric discourses and local concerns, they positioned themselves as key contributors to the international development of psychiatric research. While their portrayals of Chinese character structure and family dynamics sometimes reflected essentialist views, their work also demonstrated a nuanced awareness of historical change and contemporary realities during a period of intense political repression and uncertainty. By analysing archival sources and medical texts, this article illuminates the complex interplay between geopolitics and psychiatric knowledge production in Cold War Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Little lives-reading between the lines: insights from the Northampton Infirmary Eighteenth Century Child Admission Database. 字里行间的小生活阅读：来自北安普顿医院十八世纪儿童入院数据库的见解。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10026

Madeleine Mant, Judy Chau, Bryce Hull, Maryam Khan, Mollie Sheptenko, Mia Taranissi, Charlotte Parry, Fred O'Dell, Andrew Williams

引用次数: 0

Situated efficacy: FMD vaccines in France and Britain, 1930s-1960s. 定位功效：20世纪30 - 60年代法国和英国的口蹄疫疫苗。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10016

Delphine Berdah

{"title":"Situated efficacy: FMD vaccines in France and Britain, 1930s-1960s.","authors":"Delphine Berdah","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10016","url":null,"abstract":"Following the trajectories of vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in France and Britain up to the 1960s, this paper will show how vaccine efficacy has two meanings: 1) technical - or experimental - which refers to test protocols and regimes of evidence, and 2) practical - or experiential - which refers to the experience various actors have of diseases and their direct or indirect impacts on society and the economy, as well as on representations and imaginaries they share about diseases, vaccines, and vaccination. The assessment protocols in the two countries are analysed to show how these two meanings are deeply intertwined and influence the different public policies chosen by each country. Although statistically assessed, the efficacy of the same vaccines appears situated, depending not only on regimes of evidence but also on the reality of agricultural practices, on national stock exchanges, and on various imaginaries about animal health and the absence of disease that differ between and within countries. As a consequence, this analysis reveals how public policies regarding vaccination do not always come from governmental incentives but can also emerge from private and local initiatives.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The lower cavity: the origins and history of an anatomical idea. 下腔：一种解剖学观念的起源和历史。

IF 1.1 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10018

Dmitry Ezrokhi

引用次数: 0