Medical History最新文献

An 'arsenal for the supply of ammunition for the defence of vaccination': the Jenner Society and anti-anti-vaccinationism in England, 1896-1906. 为疫苗接种辩护提供弹药的军火库"：詹纳协会与 1896-1906 年英国的反疫苗接种主义。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.28

Matthew L Newsom Kerr

{"title":"An 'arsenal for the supply of ammunition for the defence of vaccination': the Jenner Society and anti-anti-vaccinationism in England, 1896-1906.","authors":"Matthew L Newsom Kerr","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.28","url":null,"abstract":"Although historians have given close attention to the anti-vaccination movement that gripped late-Victorian England, relatively little scholarship explores how doctors and health officials responded or asks what strategies and assumptions structured how they might oppose the vaccine opponents. This article traces the advent and actions of the Jenner Society, a smallpox vaccination advocacy group founded in 1896 by Dr. Francis Bond. His goal was to publicly confront the leading anti-vaccinationists and to effectively conduct an anti-anti-vaccination campaign. The Jenner Society appeared amidst disputes over how and even whether vaccination should be publicly debated - disputes shaped both by long-standing attitudes toward professional propriety and also by indecision about what sorts of political advocacy were suitable for medical practitioners. Vaccination was shifting toward a more voluntary administration, and the Jenner Society represents how civil society, the popular press, and the modern tools of persuasion were becoming increasingly central to public health governance. The Jenner Society encapsulated the profession's disdainful attitude toward populist medical dissent, and this essay argues that the tone and deportment of anti-anti-vaccinationism had the effect of encouraging doctors to overlook and neglect other, probably more significant, sources of vaccine skepticism. Preoccupied with rebutting and attacking vaccination's enemies, public \"controversialists\" like Bond waged the first true large-scale pro-vaccination propaganda campaign, but they ultimately were unable to address the underlying dynamics of vaccine evasion. This history holds important lessons today for those interested in constructing more effective ways to effectively counteract medical misinformation and anti-vaccinationist beliefs.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plague history, Mongol history, and the processes of focalisation leading up to the Black Death: a response to Brack et al.

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.29

Monica H Green, Nahyan Fancy

{"title":"Plague history, Mongol history, and the processes of focalisation leading up to the Black Death: a response to Brack et al.","authors":"Monica H Green, Nahyan Fancy","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.29","url":null,"abstract":"This essay responds to Brack et al., 'Plague and the Mongol Conquest of Baghdad (1258)? A reevaluation of the sources', which is a critique of our 2021 essay in this journal, 'Plague and the Fall of Baghdad (1258)'. We argue that Brack and colleagues have misunderstood our investigation as an attempt to pinpoint the exact timing of the outbreak of plague connected with the Mongol siege of Baghdad, and so believe that an altered timeframe invalidates our suggestion that plague was involved. Taking this opportunity to revisit the state of plague historiography in western Asia, we address four issues: (1) why Mongol historiography has, until recently, avoided the question of plague's late mediaeval resurgence within the Mongol Empire and why the 'new genetics' of plague now makes the question unavoidable; (2) why reconstruction of the biological processes of 'focalisation' is now the most urgent question in plague historiography since it constitutes what we call the prodromal stage of the Black Death pandemic; (3) how a newly informed biological perspective on disease history can allow a more sensitive reading of past observers' reports of epidemics; and finally, (4) what a plausible scenario might look like for plague's presence in western Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region in the late-thirteenth and early-fourteenth centuries as an emerging zoonotic disease with occasional epizootic and human outbreaks, before the more catastrophic outbreaks of the 1340s commonly referred to as 'the Black Death'.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doctors in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps in Taiwan in the Second World War and their personal accounts of captivity.

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.41

Katherine M Venables

{"title":"Doctors in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps in Taiwan in the Second World War and their personal accounts of captivity.","authors":"Katherine M Venables","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.41","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895 and in the Second World War was geographically central in Japan's wartime possessions and strategically important, with military airfields, ports, and a copper mine. Its sixteen prisoner-of-war camps included four labour camps. Taiwan was also the first place to which senior officers and colonial officials were dispersed after the Allied surrenders in Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. Forty-five doctors from the British, Australian, Dutch and American forces were identified who spent at least part of their captivity on Taiwan. This article uses their personal accounts, official documents and secondary sources to describe them and their work. Although the oldest had experience in the First World War and some had practised in the region, others were young, recently-qualified generalists. Most were transferred between several camps, with one consequence that few contemporaneous medical records survive. Doctors shared the risks and hardships of all prisoners: they lost weight and had the same nutritional disorders, infections and infestations as their patients. Two died. They became significant, scrutinised figures in the camps. Their patients valued their work and understood that they lacked resources for fully effective medical practice.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The poet Ulrich von Hutten (1488-1523) and the French disease: the records and human remains of a probable yaws patient.

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.38

Urs Leo Gantenbein

引用次数: 0

William Bynum Prize 2023: Highly Commended Overcoming Childlessness: Narratives of Conception in Early Modern North India.

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.43

Sonia Wigh

{"title":"William Bynum Prize 2023: Highly Commended Overcoming Childlessness: Narratives of Conception in Early Modern North India.","authors":"Sonia Wigh","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.43","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses early modern North Indian ways of expressing how barrenness could be mapped onto a woman's maternal identity. Scholars have engaged with the historical evolution of women's identities, focusing overwhelmingly on their economic and political potential. This article is the first to use medical and erotological sources from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to study women as procreative agents, and the socio-sexual anxieties prompted by infertile female bodies. Through a critical study of a wide range of medical material, I demonstrate that by the eighteenth century, several transformations in medical discourses can be mapped onto textual transmissions from Sanskrit (and Braj Bhasha) to Persian, as well as between competing but conterminously flourishing medical paradigms, Ayurveda and Yunani. While cures for childlessness have a much longer history, a new genre of 'anonymous' sources, particularly focused on the sexual diseases of men and women emerged in early modern North India. Lastly, my comparative methodological approach to different textual genres will complicate our understanding of early modern medical episteme and its intended audience.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Germs, infections, and the erratic 'natural laboratory' of Antarctica: from Operation Snuffles to the Killer Kleenex. 细菌、感染和南极不稳定的“自然实验室”：从鼻塞行动到杀手面巾纸。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.39

Vanessa Heggie

引用次数: 0

'Suffering for the Sins of Others': Lucius D. Bulkley, Syphilis Insontium, and Disease Destigmatisation in the Progressive Era United States. “为他人的罪受苦”：卢修斯·d·巴尔克利、梅毒和美国进步时代的疾病去污名化。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.44

Elliott Bowen

{"title":"'Suffering for the Sins of Others': Lucius D. Bulkley, Syphilis Insontium, and Disease Destigmatisation in the Progressive Era United States.","authors":"Elliott Bowen","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.44","url":null,"abstract":"Historical research on efforts to reduce the stigma associated with venereal disease (VD) generally dates these campaigns back to the 1930s. Within the United States, one of the earliest attempts to detach VD from its traditional association with sexual immorality occurred during the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century, when the New York City dermatologist Lucius Bulkley coined the term syphilis insontium ('syphilis of the innocent') in the hopes of demonstrating that many of those who contracted this disease did so through non-sexual contact. Gaining widespread acceptance within the medical community, Bulkley's ideas served as the intellectual foundation for a discursive assault on the prevailing belief that syphilis constituted the 'wages of sin'-one designed to destigmatise the disease and to promote more scientific responses to it. However, the effects of this anti-stigma rhetoric were often counterproductive. Encouraging doctors to discern 'innocence' or 'guilt' through assessments of a patient's character, syphilis insontium often amplified the disease's association with immorality. With the passage of time, physicians became increasingly aware of these problems, and in the 1910s, a backlash against Bulkley's ideas emerged within the American medical community. Yet even with the resultant demise of his destigmatisation campaign, discourses of 'innocent syphilis' continued to circulate, casting a long shadow over subsequent stigma reduction efforts.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Victorian nature cure philosophy as a reconciliation of Romantic Naturalism and laboratory medicine: the case of E.W. Lane's (1823-89) hygienic medicine. 维多利亚时代的自然治疗哲学作为浪漫自然主义和实验室医学的调和：E.W.莱恩（1823-89）卫生医学的案例。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.42

Min Bae

{"title":"A Victorian nature cure philosophy as a reconciliation of Romantic Naturalism and laboratory medicine: the case of E.W. Lane's (1823-89) hygienic medicine.","authors":"Min Bae","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.42","url":null,"abstract":"This article primarily concentrates on the theoretical and intellectual dimensions of nature cure, particularly efforts to revive it during the second half of the nineteenth century. Little is known about specific medical professionals or theories concerning the Victorian philosophy of nature cure, although this philosophy is mentioned in general terms in studies on alternative medicine and hygiene. This article illuminates a Victorian nature cure philosophy through the works of Edward W. Lane (1823-1889). As a physician and hydropathist, Lane aspired to create a new form of medical system, 'hygienic medicine', seeking answers to the questions 'What is disease?' and 'What is medicine?' throughout his career. Lane was among many physicians interested in nature's healing power during his time. However, few undertook as thorough a theorisation of nature cure philosophy as Lane did in the latter half of the nineteenth century, a period that presented unprecedented challenges in reconciling medicine with nature. This study explores the subtle nuances of the concepts that Lane actively used in his theoretical explanations, including 'nature', 'laws of health' and 'vital force', interpreting his efforts as a reconciliation between Romantic naturalism and laboratory medicine. The aim of this study is not to re-evaluate the significance of Lane's medical theory itself. It rather uses Lane as a lens to reveal the intricacies of Victorian nature cure philosophy.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When filth became dangerous: the miasmatic and contagionistic origins of nineteenth-century cleanliness practices among Swedish provincial doctors. 当污秽变得危险：十九世纪瑞典外省医生洁净做法的瘴气和传染病起源》（When filth became dangerous: the miasmatic and contagionistic origins of the nineteenth-century cleanliness practices among Swedish provincial doctors）。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.34

Annelie Drakman

{"title":"When filth became dangerous: the miasmatic and contagionistic origins of nineteenth-century cleanliness practices among Swedish provincial doctors.","authors":"Annelie Drakman","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.34","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation sheds light on the social history of pathogenic dirt and its significance for shaping medical practices during the nineteenth century. It consists of an analysis focusing on Swedish medicine, using 8800 yearly reports written 1820-1900 by Swedish provincial doctors for the National Board of Health in Stockholm. The main argument is that the provincial doctors' perceptions of the relationship between dirt and health during this century can be better understood by focusing on similarities in the handling of different kinds of pathological dirt over the course of many decades, rather than seeing interest in cleanliness as something mostly unprecedented. A novel cleanliness regime became dominant during the latter third of the century, meant to counter a new hybrid between everyday dirt - bodily emanations from healthy bodies - and matter believed to have caused miasmatic and contagionistic disease. New ideas about filth and its impact on health played a crucial role in the development of public health and sanitation movements, and were a precondition for everyday dirt becoming a central medical problem around the turn of the twentieth century, but as is shown, they built on old precedents. Thus, the miasmatic and contagionistic approach to disease shaped conceptions of hygiene and cleanliness.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional care and education: circulation of knowledge about epilepsy in Sweden 1915–40 机构护理与教育：1915-40 年瑞典癫痫知识的传播

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2024.23

Johanna Ringarp

{"title":"Institutional care and education: circulation of knowledge about epilepsy in Sweden 1915–40","authors":"Johanna Ringarp","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2024.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.23","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the circulation of knowledge about epilepsy in Sweden between 1915 and 1940. During the period medical research on epilepsy increased, which simultaneously brought a new degree of specialisation and distinction between branches of medicine. The aim of this article is to study the impact of new medical knowledge about epilepsy on the treatment and education of children with epilepsy in Sweden. In order to concretise the aim, the study focuses on the asylum Margarethahemmet. The key source material consists of Margarethahemmet’s annual reports and yearbooks. The minutes of the meetings of the Swedish General Association for the Care of the Feebleminded and Epileptic for the period 1915–1938 have been used as supplementary material. In order to trace the impact of medical discoveries on Margarethahemmet’s operations, contemporary scientific articles, mostly from Germany, have also been used. The article demonstrates how new research and new knowledge was sought internationally and nationally, to provide doctors and special teachers at the asylum with a proper knowledge about education, care and treatment for children with epilepsy. The increased understanding of the disease directly impacted the ability of a stigmatized group – people with epileptic disorder – to actively participate in society on the same terms as others.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0