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The Nuova Destra in Italy: an investigation between history and historiography
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.70
David Bernardini
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引用次数: 0
The end of fascism?
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.73
Rosario Forlenza
{"title":"The end of fascism?","authors":"Rosario Forlenza","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When did fascism end? Did it end in July 1943, with the fall of Mussolini from power, or in April 1945, with Liberation Day? The argument of this article is that fascism was not simply a historical experience but a political form that attempted to transcend Italy’s social and political fractures with fantasies and unrealistic but nevertheless captivating expectations. Its hypnotic contagious power cast a mimetic spell that can be continuously reloaded: by blurring the boundaries between truth and lies; by exploiting crowd irrationality; by establishing boundaries between outsiders and insiders; by perpetuating negative sentiments of hostility, fear and envy within society; and by manipulating time. The argument, therefore, is that fascism has never ended, not merely in the sense of political and cultural continuity, but in the deeper sense of immanency within the body politic of Italy’s democracy. As such, it is meaningless to wonder whether fascism might come back. It is here and now, in the only form that current historical circumstances allow it to exist – and yet it might be countered by a process of rejection that individuals and political communities can and should exercise in their everyday life, adopting the political form generated by the Resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Beyond Paisans’: Italian-American service members and the Allied liberation of Italy
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.69
Francesco Fusi
{"title":"‘Beyond Paisans’: Italian-American service members and the Allied liberation of Italy","authors":"Francesco Fusi","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of American soldiers of Italian origin were drafted into the US military and sent to fight overseas against the Axis powers. For many, this was an opportunity to demonstrate their loyalty to the country and remove suspicions raised by Italian communities’ ties with the Fascist regime. The prospect of fighting in their homeland aroused mixed feelings among those who were sent to Italy from June 1943. On the one hand, the presence of cultural and family ties stimulated the establishment of supportive relations with Italians and was seen by Washington as a useful tool for promoting ‘good occupation’ policies in Italy. However, the ethnic background of these soldiers did not always act as a socialisation factor with Italians, but sometimes gave rise to contradictory and even hostile attitudes that were linked to harsh judgements about Italians’ responsibilities for Fascism and their predisposition, or otherwise, to democracy. This article reconstructs the contribution made by these ethnic personnel to the liberation of the peninsula and the particular views they held of Italy and Italians between war and liberation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ‘swastika epidemic’ of 1960 and the first major public debate about antisemitism in republican Italy
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.78
Enrico Palumbo
{"title":"The ‘swastika epidemic’ of 1960 and the first major public debate about antisemitism in republican Italy","authors":"Enrico Palumbo","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In December 1959, several episodes of antisemitism occurred in West Germany. These events spread rapidly to other countries and were dubbed by newspapers the ‘swastika epidemic’. In Italy, the episodes sparked intense debate among the main political forces of the time, framing the interpretation of antisemitic episodes within a context that considered the comparison between the two countries, while also being influenced by the political transition of centrist governments shifting to the left and the transition of religious opinion on Jewish-Christian relations. The general and unanimous condemnation of antisemitism was accompanied by various interpretations of the racism of Fascist Italy and the historical responsibilities of the Catholic world. The result was an extremely fragmented picture, but with significant political and cultural implications in a year that would see the explosion of political violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Lots of red, but also lots of tricolour’: the liberation of Milan and the Liberal Party in the Minoletti–Quarello papers (April 1945)
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.75
Rossella Pace
{"title":"‘Lots of red, but also lots of tricolour’: the liberation of Milan and the Liberal Party in the Minoletti–Quarello papers (April 1945)","authors":"Rossella Pace","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article uses the hitherto partially unpublished diary of Virginia Minoletti Quarello and her husband Bruno Minoletti to shed a light on the Resistance and on the transformation of Italian politics after the war from an original angle. Virgina and Bruno, members of the Italian Liberal Party, played a central role in the Resistance and in consolidating the network of the Liberal partisans led by Edgardo Sogno, first in Genova, where their house hosted the local National Liberation Committee, and then in Milan. Their diary offers new perspectives on events and processes that preceded and followed 25 April 1945: from the arrival of the Allies in Milan to the killing of Mussolini and the display of his body in Piazza Loreto; from the struggle and division within the antifascist front to the marginalisation of the Liberals; from internal conflicts in the Liberal Party on the institutional question to the value of the Resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Fascism on trial’: Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.76
Victoria Witkowski
{"title":"‘Fascism on trial’: Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy","authors":"Victoria Witkowski","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.76","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the postwar trial of Fascist Italy’s most prominent general, Rodolfo Graziani, to examine issues of transitional justice and the formation of popular memory of Italian Fascism and colonialism after 1945. During the Fascist <jats:italic>ventennio</jats:italic>, the regime constructed Graziani as the nation’s colonial ‘hero’ despite his leading role in genocidal measures during Fascist Italy’s colonial wars in North and East Africa. His position as minister of defence in Mussolini’s Nazi-backed Salò Republic in 1943–5, however, threatened his heroic reputation as he worked with Nazi commanders and became responsible for atrocities against Italian civilians. After the Second World War, Graziani was tried for Nazi collaborationism at the Supreme Court in 1948, but his colonial conduct was left unquestioned. Unlike in the Nuremberg Trials in post-Nazi Germany, few Italians were tried for war crimes after 1945. This historical inquiry analyses the legal proceedings, transnational representation and outcome of Rodolfo Graziani’s 1948 trial as an emblematic case study to explore de-fascistisation and decolonialisation initiatives and their limitations in post-Fascist postcolonial Italy.","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Italian vermouth on the international market (1890–1960): a success story 国际市场上的意大利苦艾酒（1890-1960）：一个成功的故事
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.57
Omar Mazzotti, Luciano Maffi, Stefano Magagnoli
{"title":"Italian vermouth on the international market (1890–1960): a success story","authors":"Omar Mazzotti, Luciano Maffi, Stefano Magagnoli","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the causes and geographical trajectories of the globalisation of vermouth, one of the most famous Made in Italy products in the world. Of all the fortified wines, vermouth stands out for its unique history. Originally a product of Piedmont consumed mainly by the aristocracy and the emerging bourgeoisie, vermouth became the subject of a growing export trade between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, gaining credibility thanks to the prizes won at international exhibitions and the marketing strategies of the main companies in the sector (Martini &amp; Rossi, Carpano, Gancia, Cinzano). Despite the commercial difficulties it experienced in the twentieth century as a result of protectionist measures, the effects of war, the heterogeneous policies applied to the alcoholic beverage industry and widespread imitation and counterfeiting, vermouth has managed to maintain an appeal that has made it an international icon and one of the most resilient products in the medium to long term. This is partly the result of a media representation that was capable of deeply influencing the collective imagination of consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"83 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Forgotten Resistance of the Sinti and Roma 被遗忘的辛提人和罗姆人的抵抗运动
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.65
Chiara Nencioni
{"title":"The Forgotten Resistance of the Sinti and Roma","authors":"Chiara Nencioni","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role that Roma communities played in the Resistance during the Second World War is a little-known part of history, especially in Italy. Through consideration of their involvement, we can highlight the complexity of the Resistance, and recognise Roma communities as an integral part of Italian society. Roma involvement in the Resistance had distinctive characteristics compared to that of the <span>gagi</span> (non-Roma), particularly in how they viewed it not only as a fight against fascism, but also it as a means of honouring the <span>mulé</span> (the dead). However, only a handful of Roma partisans are recorded in the Ricompart archive, which contains documentation relating to those who participated in Resistance activities. To trace history, personal testimony, in addition to secondary historiography, is key. Roma communities share a rich oral tradition, which forms the basis of a significant part of this article, and which offers an account of civil resistance and armed action both within partisan groups and as part of small formations based on ethnicity. This piece examines the reasons why the Roma partisans who fought and died in the Resistance did not receive full public recognition, a form of historical amnesia of the postwar period rooted in the absence of a cultural ‘defascistisation’ whereby fascist-style racism permeated the Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The political drivers of antipoverty policy in Italy: persistence, change and reversals 意大利反贫困政策的政治驱动力：持续、变化和逆转
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.50
Rosa Mulè, Stefano Toso
{"title":"The political drivers of antipoverty policy in Italy: persistence, change and reversals","authors":"Rosa Mulè, Stefano Toso","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses the political determinants of antipoverty policy in Italy between 1948 and 2022, providing a long-term analysis of the Italian minimum income scheme. We look for an explanation of that evolution drawing on three theoretical perspectives: veto players, gradual institutional change, and party competition. Our methodology is process tracing which involves the examination of ‘diagnostic’ pieces of evidence for our broad political-historical analysis. We argue that the so called ‘neglect’ phase until 1992 can be explained by the veto players theory, the period after 1992 by gradual institutional change, whereas the final introduction of a minimum income scheme in 2018 is the result of competitive dynamics. The main lesson is that a case study analysis of the politics of anti-poverty policy offers fresh insights into a major challenge in capitalist systems, combating rising poverty trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaped by censoring attitudes: pornography in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Italy 审查态度的影响：十九世纪末二十世纪初意大利的色情制品
IF 0.5 3区 历史学
Modern Italy Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2024.61
Claudio Monopoli
{"title":"Shaped by censoring attitudes: pornography in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Italy","authors":"Claudio Monopoli","doi":"10.1017/mit.2024.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mit.2024.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Through an analysis of the Italian context, this article illustrates how censoring attitudes shaped the modern meaning of pornography between the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the years of the Great War. The difference between the ideas of pornography and obscenity is pointed out through a concise examination of censorship archive documents from the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, the State of the Church, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, followed by an overview about how sexuality was intended by Italian sexologists and moralist intellectuals during the period of nation-building following the unification of 1861. In their writings, pornography is described as a source of corruption, especially for young people, and a social threat to be stopped. From 1891 onwards, mobilisations and struggles against pornography were organised by associations and politicians: these activities and debates, which led to the demand for specific legislation to address this phenomenon, are here reconstructed through newspaper articles and archive documents until the Great War period, when the use of the word pornography became even wider, as well as the debates around it and its social meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":18688,"journal":{"name":"Modern Italy","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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