Nanoethics最新文献

Normative Challenges of Risk Regulation of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能风险监管的规范挑战

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-024-00454-9

Carsten Orwat, Jascha Bareis, Anja Folberth, Jutta Jahnel, Christian Wadephul

{"title":"Normative Challenges of Risk Regulation of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Carsten Orwat, Jascha Bareis, Anja Folberth, Jutta Jahnel, Christian Wadephul","doi":"10.1007/s11569-024-00454-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-024-00454-9","url":null,"abstract":"Approaches aimed at regulating artificial intelligence (AI) include a particular form of risk regulation, i.e. a risk-based approach. The most prominent example is the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). This article addresses the challenges for adequate risk regulation that arise primarily from the specific type of risks involved, i.e. risks to the protection of fundamental rights and fundamental societal values. This is mainly due to the normative ambiguity of such rights and societal values when attempts are made to select, interpret, specify or operationalise them for the purposes of risk assessments and risk mitigation. This is exemplified by (1) human dignity, (2) informational self-determination, data protection and privacy, (3) anti-discrimination, fairness and justice, and (4) the common good. Normative ambiguities require normative choices, which are assigned to different actors under the regime of the AI Act. Particularly critical normative choices include selecting normative concepts by which to operationalise and specify risks, aggregating and quantifying risks (including the use of metrics), balancing value conflicts, setting levels of acceptable risks, and standardisation. To ensure that these normative choices do not lack democratic legitimacy and to avoid legal uncertainty, further political processes and scientific debates are suggested.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Integrated Embodiment Concept Combines Neuroethics and AI Ethics – Relational Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Neurotechnologies and the Future of Work 神经伦理学与人工智能伦理学的综合体现概念--关于人工智能、新兴神经技术和未来工作的关系视角

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-024-00457-6

Ludwig Weh

{"title":"An Integrated Embodiment Concept Combines Neuroethics and AI Ethics – Relational Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Neurotechnologies and the Future of Work","authors":"Ludwig Weh","doi":"10.1007/s11569-024-00457-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-024-00457-6","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) bear great transformative potential in the economic, technological and social sectors, impacting especially future work environments. Ethical regulation of AI requires a relational understanding of the technology by relevant stakeholder groups such as researchers, developers, politicians, civil servants, affected workers or other users applying AI in their work processes. The purpose of this paper is to support relational AI discourse for an improved ethical framing and regulation of the technology. The argumentation emphasizes a widespread reembodied understanding of AI technology as critical requirement for capable ethical and regulatory frameworks. A sociotechnical perspective encourages the material interpretation of AI as reembodied adaptation of biological intelligence. Reviewing Cartesian dualism as motivating the disembodiment of human intelligence for its transfer to machines, the argumentation develops an integrated embodiment concept of AI in its mechanistic, naturalistic, combined AI and neuroethical, and relational contexts. This concept is discussed in relation to basic phenomenological and postphenomenological assumptions, and is applied to the example of AI-based neurotechnology potentially disrupting future work processes. Strengthening a human-centered approach, the presented concept for a reembodied understanding of AI technology enables better integrated ethical and regulatory debates, and improves social discourse and human agency in developing and regulating AI technology.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing Multiple Responsibilities in the Early Stages of R&D with Provenance Assessment 通过原产地评估解决研发初期的多重责任问题

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-024-00456-7

Janine Gondolf

引用次数: 0

Gene Editing Cattle for Enhancing Heat Tolerance: A Welfare Review of the “PRLR-SLICK Cattle” Case 基因编辑牛以增强耐热性：PRLR-SLICK 牛 "案例的福利回顾

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-024-00455-8

Mattia Pozzebon, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Peter Sandøe

{"title":"Gene Editing Cattle for Enhancing Heat Tolerance: A Welfare Review of the “PRLR-SLICK Cattle” Case","authors":"Mattia Pozzebon, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Peter Sandøe","doi":"10.1007/s11569-024-00455-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-024-00455-8","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2022 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a risk assessment of a recent animal gene editing proposal submitted by Acceligen™. The proposal concerned the possibility of changing the cattle genome to obtain a slicker, shorter hair coat. Using CRISPR-Cas9 it was possible to introduce an intentional genomic alteration (IGA) to the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR), thereby producing PRLR-SLICK cattle. The goal was to diminish heat stress in the cattle by enhancing their heat-tolerance. With regard to unintended alterations (i.e., off-target effects), the FDA stated that the IGA posed a low, but still present, risk to animal safety. The aim of this article is to present some initial insights into the welfare issues raised by PRLR-SLICK cattle by addressing the question: Do SLICK cattle have better welfare than non-SLICK cattle when exposed to heat stress? Two potential welfare concerns are examined. The first is pleiotropy, an issue that arises when one gene affects multiple traits. Given the pleiotropic nature of prolactin, it has been suggested that the IGA for SLICK cattle may also affect their hepatic and other functions. The second concern relates not primarily to direct effects on cattle health, but rather to the indirect risk that this more heat-tolerant animal would just be used in the livestock sector under farming conditions that are such that the net welfare improvement would be non-existent.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representations of (Nano)technology in Comics from the ‘NanoKOMIK’ Project 来自 "NanoKOMIK "项目的漫画中的（纳米）技术表现形式

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00452-3

Sergio Urueña

{"title":"Representations of (Nano)technology in Comics from the ‘NanoKOMIK’ Project","authors":"Sergio Urueña","doi":"10.1007/s11569-023-00452-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-023-00452-3","url":null,"abstract":" Representations of science and technology, embodied as imaginaries, visions, and expectations, have become a growing focus of analysis. These representations are of interest to normative approaches to science and technology, such as Hermeneutic Technology Assessment and Responsible Innovation, because of their ability to modulate understandings of science and technology and to influence scientific and technological development. This article analyses the culture of participation underlying the NanoKOMIK project and the representations and meanings of (nano)science and (nano)technology communicated in the two nano-fiction comic books created as part of the project: Dayanne and Murillo. The power of nanoscience (2016) and NanoKOMIK #2 (2017). The article argues that despite NanoKOMIK’s efforts to engage the public with (nano)science and (nano)technology, it reproduces non-binding modes of public participation and transmits socio-technical meanings that are instrumental in the social legitimisation of (nano)technology. More specifically, the analysis shows that NanoKOMIK’s comic books, in addition to not problematising the risks and conveying an eminently positive view of nanotechnology, also communicate certain ‘myth-conceptions’ of scientific activity and its products. For example, they convey an individualistic and linear vision of research and innovation and an instrumentalist and neutral (or ‘value-free’) view of technology. These findings highlight the importance of critically analysing the ‘cultures of participation’ that characterise and reproduce ‘participatory’ or ‘collaborative’ projects and the representations of (nano)science and (nano)technology that they perpetuate.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflection on Gene Editing from the Perspective of Biopolitics 从生物政治学的角度反思基因编辑

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00451-4

Yuan Chen, Xiaoliang Luo

引用次数: 0

Testing Reflexive Practitioner Dialogues: Capacities for Socio-technical Integration in Meditation Research 测试反思性实践者对话：冥想研究中的社会技术整合能力

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00450-5

Mareike Smolka, Erik Fisher

{"title":"Testing Reflexive Practitioner Dialogues: Capacities for Socio-technical Integration in Meditation Research","authors":"Mareike Smolka, Erik Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s11569-023-00450-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-023-00450-5","url":null,"abstract":"To put frameworks of Responsible Innovation and Responsible Research and Innovation (R(R)I) into practice, engagement methods have been developed to study and enhance technoscientific experts’ capacities to reflexively address value considerations in their work. These methods commonly rely on engagement between technoscientific experts and social scholars, which makes them vulnerable to structural barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration. To circumvent these barriers, we adapt Socio-Technical Integration Research (STIR) for broader use within technoscientific communities. We call this adaptation: reflexive practitioner dialogues. While the primary aim of this article is to introduce and explain the methodological adaptation, we also analyze results from a pilot study with participants who are involved in research on contemplative practices such as mindfulness meditation. The analysis is guided by research questions that sought to assess whether and under what conditions the practitioner dialogues support reflexive and practical engagement with value considerations in participants’ work. The results indicate that reflexive practitioner dialogues can stimulate reflexive awareness of value conflicts and help re-direct decision-making responsively. We characterize the conditions facilitating such responsiveness as “value exnovators,” highlighting the oft-unacknowledged interpersonal relational practices that support collaborative engagement with value considerations. We suggest that “exnovation”—exposing the strengths of given practices for their improvement—can support R(R)I practices by directing analytical attention to their micro-level carriers.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modular Ontologies for Genetically Modified People and their Bioethical Implications. 转基因人的模块化本体论及其生物伦理意义。

IF 1.1 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-024-00459-4

Derek So, Robert Sladek, Yann Joly

{"title":"Modular Ontologies for Genetically Modified People and their Bioethical Implications.","authors":"Derek So, Robert Sladek, Yann Joly","doi":"10.1007/s11569-024-00459-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11569-024-00459-4","url":null,"abstract":"Participants in the long-running bioethical debate over human germline genetic modification (HGGM) tend to imagine future people abstractly and on the basis of conventionalized characteristics familiar from science fiction, such as intelligence, disease resistance and height. In order to distinguish these from scientifically meaningful terms like \"phenotype\" and \"trait,\" this article proposes the term \"persemes\" to describe the units of difference for hypothetical people. In the HGGM debate, persemes are frequently conceptualized as similar, modular entities, like building blocks to be assembled into genetically modified people. They are discussed as though they each would be chosen individually without affecting other persemes and as though they existed as components within future people rather than being imposed through social context. This modular conceptual framework appears to influence bioethical approaches to HGGM by reinforcing the idea of human capacities as natural primary goods subject to distributive justice and supporting the use of objective list theories of well-being. As a result, assumptions of modularity may limit the ability of stakeholders with other perspectives to present them in the HGGM debate. This article examines the historical trends behind the modular framework for genetically modified people, its likely psychological basis, and its philosophical ramifications.","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"18 2","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous Comparison of Nanotechnology and Controversial Objects among Laypersons, Scientists and Environmentalists 普通人、科学家和环保人士对纳米技术和争议对象的自发比较

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00448-z

Maïté Brunel, Céline Launay, Maryelle Henry, Nadine Cascino, Jacques Py, Valérie Le Floch

引用次数: 0

Reflections on Perspectives of Transhumanism, Buddhist Transhumanism, and Buddhist Modernism on the Self 超人类主义、佛教超人类主义与佛教现代主义自我观的思考

4区哲学

Nanoethics Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00445-2

Vera Borrmann

引用次数: 0