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Physics in Perspective最新文献

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The Young Physicist 年轻的物理学家
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00351-6
Christian Joas, Climério Silva Neto, Martin Speirs, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
The Physics, Travels, and Tribulations of Ronald Wilfrid Gurney 罗纳德·威尔弗里德·格尼的物理学、旅行和磨难
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00350-7
Brian Pollard, Saman Alavi
{"title":"The Physics, Travels, and Tribulations of Ronald Wilfrid Gurney","authors":"Brian Pollard,&nbsp;Saman Alavi","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00350-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00350-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ronald Wilfrid Gurney is one of the lesser-known research students of the Cavendish Laboratory in the mid 1920s. Gurney made significant contributions to the application of quantum mechanical tunnelling to problems related to alpha-decay from nuclei, to formation of images in photographic plates, the understanding of the origin of color-centres in salt crystals, the theory of semiconductors, and to the theory of electrochemistry and ionic solutions. He also made fundamental contributions to ballistics research. Gurney wrote a number of textbooks on fundamental and applied quantum mechanics in a distinctive intuitive and diagrammatic style which are still useful as educational resources. In addition to his scientific contributions, he travelled extensively, and before, during, and after World War II worked in the United States. During the cold war, he got entangled in the investigations of the Klaus Fuchs espionage affair and lost his security clearance and employment. During his work and travels, he interacted with many of the important figures of physics in the first half of the twentieth century. He died at the age of 54 in 1953 from a stroke. With the approach of the 100th year anniversary of quantum mechanics, it is timely to commemorate the life and contributions of this somewhat forgotten physicist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"176 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Founding the First Scientific Laboratory in Russia: Mikhail Lomonosov’s Project 在俄罗斯建立第一个科学实验室：米哈伊尔·罗蒙诺索夫的计划
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00349-0
Robert P. Crease, Vladimir Shiltsev
{"title":"Founding the First Scientific Laboratory in Russia: Mikhail Lomonosov’s Project","authors":"Robert P. Crease,&nbsp;Vladimir Shiltsev","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00349-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00349-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article, the third in a series about the Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765), covers the first decade of his research at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, from his return from an educational trip abroad in 1741 to the mid-1750s. Lomonosov’s major focus was on the establishment of the first Russian laboratory for the introduction of modern experimental physics and chemistry methods both to original research and education. The lab supported studies of the physics of colors, chemistry and physics of glasses and training of the Academy students. This article describes how Lomonosov, first an Adjunct Professor and then as a young Professor, fought to create the chemistry lab, and then to establish a broad program of experiments and tests there. The construction of laboratories to be used not just for research but also education only became widespread in the early 19<sup>th</sup> century, but Lomonosov’s laboratory had a significant impact on the early development of the Academy and on Russian science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"146 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Past of an Electron: Young Popper’s Gedankenexperiment Against the Indeterminacy Relations 电子的过去：杨·波普尔反对不确定关系的格丹肯实验
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00346-3
Marco Giovanelli
{"title":"The Past of an Electron: Young Popper’s Gedankenexperiment Against the Indeterminacy Relations","authors":"Marco Giovanelli","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00346-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00346-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Between 1934 and 1936, Popper wrote at least eight manuscripts on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, proposing a Gedankenexperiment based on electron-photon collision in which reconstructing the past trajectory of an electron would allow one, via momentum conservation, to predict both position and momentum of a photon with arbitrary precision, thus apparently ‘beating’ the indeterminacy relations. Popper corresponded about it with leading physicists such as Weisskopf, Heisenberg, von Weizsäcker, and Einstein, who pointed out the flaws in his reasoning. In retrospect, Popper described these efforts as a “gross mistake”. Yet Jammer (1974) suggested that this mistake may have influenced the 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument, while Margenau (1974) credited Popper with anticipating the later distinction between preparation and measurement. Drawing on unpublished material, this paper argues that both claims are doubtful. Popper’s thought experiment is more closely related to the 1931 Einstein-Tolman-Podolsky setup, though he reached the opposite conclusion precisely because he misunderstood the link between preparation and measurement. The same ‘mistake’, the paper concludes, also undermines the EPR-like thought experiment Popper proposed at the turn of the 1980s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"103 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-026-00346-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Newer Alchemy at via Panisperna: An Early Account of Nuclear Physics by Ginestra Amaldi and Laura Fermi 潘尼斯佩纳的新炼金术：对核物理的早期描述，作者：吉内斯特拉·阿马尔迪和劳拉·费米
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00345-4
Adele La Rana
{"title":"The Newer Alchemy at via Panisperna: An Early Account of Nuclear Physics by Ginestra Amaldi and Laura Fermi","authors":"Adele La Rana","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00345-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00345-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reconstructs the history of <i>Alchimia del tempo nostro</i>, a popular science book written by the then-debutant authors Ginestra Amaldi and Laura Fermi, and published in its first edition in 1936. <i>Alchimia</i> was the first Italian work to introduce the emerging field of nuclear physics to a general readership. Expanded by Ginestra and republished in 1943, the second edition of the book reflects both the rapid transformation of nuclear physics and the dramatic disruption caused by the Second World War, which separated the two authors: Ginestra remained in wartime Rome with her family, while Laura, already in the United States, was on the verge of moving to Los Alamos. By drawing on previously unexplored archival sources and shedding light on the story of <i>Alchimia</i>, this study brings into focus the early profiles of two women of remarkable intellectual stature who have so far received limited historiographical attention. By doing so, the paper also offers a fresh perspective on the via Panisperna group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"61 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-026-00345-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Niels Bohr’s Psychological Analogies and Quantum Measurement 尼尔斯·玻尔的心理学类比和量子测量
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00342-7
Anja Skaar Jacobsen
{"title":"Niels Bohr’s Psychological Analogies and Quantum Measurement","authors":"Anja Skaar Jacobsen","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00342-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00342-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I suggest that a closer look at Bohr’s analogies to psychology helps us to better understand his interpretation of quantum measurement and how he conceived of the role of the subject in quantum physics. This focus helps us to pinpoint how Bohr’s view on quantum measurement differed from John von Neumann’s and Wolfgang Pauli’s understandings of it. I argue that Bohr’s interpretation of quantum measurement was about ensuring that quantum mechanics is an objective description of quantum phenomena. For Bohr, objective knowledge meant knowledge that can be communicated unambiguously, which requires that there is a sharp division between subject and object. He was adamant that in physics, there is such a sharp division, including in quantum physics. Therefore, he argued, there is no measurement problem in quantum physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"6 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-026-00342-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nineteenth Century Natural Philosophy Course in the United States of America 美国十九世纪自然哲学课程
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00344-5
Thomas B. Greenslade Jr.
{"title":"The Nineteenth Century Natural Philosophy Course in the United States of America","authors":"Thomas B. Greenslade Jr.","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00344-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00344-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modern American undergraduate Physics course is a descendent of the Natural Philosophy course of the nineteenth century. In this article I will discuss colleges of the time and will see how the course fitted into the overall curriculum. In an earlier article I have written about the professors who taught it, and now I turn to their students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"39 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-026-00344-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Learning from Expeditions and Physics in the Field 更正：从野外探险和物理中学习
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-026-00343-6
Christian Joas, Climério Silva Neto, Martin Speirs, Richard Staley
{"title":"Correction: Learning from Expeditions and Physics in the Field","authors":"Christian Joas,&nbsp;Climério Silva Neto,&nbsp;Martin Speirs,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-026-00343-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-026-00343-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"28 1-2","pages":"230 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning from Expeditions and Physics in the Field 从野外考察和物理中学习
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00341-0
Christian Joas, Climério Silva Neto, Martin Speirs, Richard Staley
{"title":"Learning from Expeditions and Physics in the Field","authors":"Christian Joas,&nbsp;Climério Silva Neto,&nbsp;Martin Speirs,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00341-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00341-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 4","pages":"337 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Light on Bruno Rossi’s 1933 Cosmic-Ray Expedition to the Then-Italian Colony of Eritrea 布鲁诺·罗西1933年宇宙射线远征当时的意大利殖民地厄立特里亚的新光
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1
Luca Campagnoni, Giulio Peruzzi, Sofia Talas
{"title":"New Light on Bruno Rossi’s 1933 Cosmic-Ray Expedition to the Then-Italian Colony of Eritrea","authors":"Luca Campagnoni,&nbsp;Giulio Peruzzi,&nbsp;Sofia Talas","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent discovery of new documentation concerning Bruno Benedetto Rossi’s life and career provides new information about Italian and European cosmic-ray physics during the 1930s. The present article analyses part of this new material, focusing on documents that allow a thorough reconstruction of Rossi’s scientific expedition to Eritrea, which was a colony of fascist Italy at the time. We examine Rossi’s scientific practices step-by-step and highlight the institutional and political endeavors that allowed the expedition to take place. Discussing the fascist-colonial context of the expedition provides a key tool to understand the facts reported completely. We also consider the interesting yet forgotten scientific collaboration Rossi had on that occasion with Arthur H. Compton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 4","pages":"403 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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