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Physics in Perspective最新文献

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Learning from Expeditions and Physics in the Field 从野外考察和物理中学习
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00341-0
Christian Joas, Climério Silva Neto, Martin Speirs, Richard Staley
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引用次数: 0
New Light on Bruno Rossi’s 1933 Cosmic-Ray Expedition to the Then-Italian Colony of Eritrea 布鲁诺·罗西1933年宇宙射线远征当时的意大利殖民地厄立特里亚的新光
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1
Luca Campagnoni, Giulio Peruzzi, Sofia Talas
{"title":"New Light on Bruno Rossi’s 1933 Cosmic-Ray Expedition to the Then-Italian Colony of Eritrea","authors":"Luca Campagnoni,&nbsp;Giulio Peruzzi,&nbsp;Sofia Talas","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent discovery of new documentation concerning Bruno Benedetto Rossi’s life and career provides new information about Italian and European cosmic-ray physics during the 1930s. The present article analyses part of this new material, focusing on documents that allow a thorough reconstruction of Rossi’s scientific expedition to Eritrea, which was a colony of fascist Italy at the time. We examine Rossi’s scientific practices step-by-step and highlight the institutional and political endeavors that allowed the expedition to take place. Discussing the fascist-colonial context of the expedition provides a key tool to understand the facts reported completely. We also consider the interesting yet forgotten scientific collaboration Rossi had on that occasion with Arthur H. Compton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 4","pages":"403 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00340-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Steffen Ducheyne, Physics in Minerva’s Academy: Early to Mid-Eighteenth-Century Appropriations of Isaac Newton’s Natural Philosophy at the University of Leiden and in the Dutch Republic at Large, 1687–c.1750, Cynthia Kravitz, Paradise is Now: Decrypting the Secret Cosmology in Isaac Newton’s Principia 书评：stephen Ducheyne，《密涅瓦学院的物理学：莱顿大学和整个荷兰共和国在18世纪早期到中期对艾萨克·牛顿自然哲学的诠释》，1687-c。1750年，辛西娅·克拉维茨，《现在就是天堂：解密艾萨克·牛顿原理中的秘密宇宙论》
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00339-8
Scott Mandelbrote
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引用次数: 0
The End of the Theory-Driven Era: Five Decades of Particle Physics 理论驱动时代的终结：粒子物理学的五十年
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00335-y
Nurida Boddenberg, Martin King, Michael Stoeltzner
{"title":"The End of the Theory-Driven Era: Five Decades of Particle Physics","authors":"Nurida Boddenberg,&nbsp;Martin King,&nbsp;Michael Stoeltzner","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00335-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00335-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For decades, research on the Standard Model dominated the field of elementary particle physics and searches for new physics beyond it were driven by the predictions of particular models, among them supersymmetry. These predictions have not borne fruit at the Large Hadron Collider, and as such physicists are increasingly turning to experiment for guidance. In this paper, we provide a philosophical analysis of the change, diagnosing it as a shift in consensus on where the field of particle physics expects the most progress and by defining general criteria whether a field is driven by theory or experiment. We base our analysis of the history of particle physics on programmatic documents issued by the large experiments, summary reports at the annual conferences assembling nearly all particle physicists, and on expert interviews and questionnaires conducted by us over the past decade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 3","pages":"262 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00335-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Polar Expedition of the Airship “Italia” (1928): A Chapter in the History of Physics “意大利”号飞艇的极地探险（1928）：物理学史上的一章
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00338-9
Matteo Leone, Nadia Robotti
{"title":"The Polar Expedition of the Airship “Italia” (1928): A Chapter in the History of Physics","authors":"Matteo Leone,&nbsp;Nadia Robotti","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00338-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00338-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The “<i>Italia</i>” airship expedition of 1928 under the command of General Umberto Nobile was the first air expedition to the North Pole with important scientific, and especially physics, objectives. This paper will use unpublished archival documents and other primary sources to examine the extent to which these objectives were achieved, focusing on the physical research in the pack ice and on board the airship. We will also discuss the fate of the scientific equipment brought to the Pole and the role of the two physicists who took part in the expedition. It is known that when the airship hit the pack ice, ten crew members, including General Nobile and physicist František Běhounek, were trapped in the ice. Unfortunately, the other six crew members were trapped in the still-drifting airship hull, which disappeared over the Arctic Ocean. They were never found. One of them was the Italian physicist Aldo Pontremoli, whose passion for flying and scientific career will be traced here to discuss why and with what purpose he was on board this fateful flight.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 4","pages":"340 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00338-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Competing for Collaboration on Particle Accelerators in the Multipolar Cold War World 在多极冷战世界中竞合粒子加速器
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00336-x
Barbara Hof, Grigoris Panoutsopoulos, Climério Silva Neto
{"title":"Competing for Collaboration on Particle Accelerators in the Multipolar Cold War World","authors":"Barbara Hof,&nbsp;Grigoris Panoutsopoulos,&nbsp;Climério Silva Neto","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00336-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00336-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores the entanglement of scientific collaboration and Cold War geopolitics through the lens of four major particle accelerator complexes: CERN (Europe), JINR/Dubna and IHEP/Serpukhov (Soviet Union), and NAL/Fermilab (United States). Despite their scientific significance, the origins and evolution of their exchange programs remain understudied. Moving beyond the conventional East-West binary, we adopt a multipolar framework to analyze how these four institutions forged enduring collaborations. From the first decade of the Cold War through the 1970s détente, bilateral agreements enabled the growing flow of personnel, equipment, and knowledge between CERN, JINR, Serpukhov, and Fermilab, thereby crossing national borders and ideological divides. These institutions operated strategically within the contested arena of the Cold War constellation, where competition for scientific leadership paradoxically fostered collaboration. Although plans for a joint global accelerator remained unrealized, our analysis highlights how international collaboration evolved into a nuanced, multilevel, and multipolar interplay—one that was shaped as much by scientific ambition as by persistent asymmetries and power dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 3","pages":"296 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00336-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Drives Physics? 物理学的动力是什么？
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00337-w
Climério Silva Neto, Martin Speirs, Richard Staley
{"title":"What Drives Physics?","authors":"Climério Silva Neto,&nbsp;Martin Speirs,&nbsp;Richard Staley","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00337-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00337-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 3","pages":"213 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Last Discovery of Macedonio Melloni 马塞多尼奥·梅洛尼的最后发现
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00334-z
Rosanna Del Monte, Azzurra Auteri
{"title":"The Last Discovery of Macedonio Melloni","authors":"Rosanna Del Monte,&nbsp;Azzurra Auteri","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00334-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00334-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Italian physicist Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854), best known for his work on “radiant heat,” devoted the last years of his life to the field of electricity and magnetism. As part of his research, he designed and built an innovative induction electrometer shortly before his death. This device was presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Naples a few days after the scientist’s death. One of the existing examples of this device is kept in the Physics Museum of the Museum Centre of Natural and Physical Sciences of the University of Naples Federico II and bears the inscription “<i>Ultima scoverta del Cav. Melloni</i>” (last discovery of Cavalier Melloni) on the dial. The present work aims on the one hand to provide a detailed analysis of the construction and functioning of this electrometer and, on the other hand, to place it in the panorama of existing and later electroscopes. An attempt is also made to reconstruct the history of the other surviving examples of Melloni’s electroscope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 3","pages":"217 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00334-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Prediction and Interpretation of Singularities and Black Holes: From Einstein and Schwarzschild to Penrose and Wheeler 奇点和黑洞的预测和解释：从爱因斯坦和史瓦西到彭罗斯和惠勒
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00331-2
Dennis Lehmkuhl
{"title":"The Prediction and Interpretation of Singularities and Black Holes: From Einstein and Schwarzschild to Penrose and Wheeler","authors":"Dennis Lehmkuhl","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00331-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00331-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Schwarzschild solution was the first exact solution to Einstein’s 1915 field equations, found by Karl Schwarzschild as early as 1916. And yet, physicists, mathematicians and philosophers have struggled for decades with the interpretation of the Schwarzschild solution and the two singularities appearing in it when it is written in polar coordinates. This article distinguishes between eight different ways in which the two singularities have been interpreted between 1916 and the late 1960s, when Penrose’s first singularity theorem shed new and lasting light on the interpretation of the Schwarzschild solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 2","pages":"176 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00016-025-00331-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Account of Diffraction Before Grimaldi (1665) in Maurolico’s Problemata ad perspectivam et iridem pertinentia (1567) 毛罗里科的《问题与透视》（1567）中对格里马尔迪之前衍射的描述（1665）
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-025-00327-y
Dominique Raynaud, Sylvie Zanier
{"title":"An Account of Diffraction Before Grimaldi (1665) in Maurolico’s Problemata ad perspectivam et iridem pertinentia (1567)","authors":"Dominique Raynaud,&nbsp;Sylvie Zanier","doi":"10.1007/s00016-025-00327-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00016-025-00327-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contrary to the standard account that credits Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) with the discovery of diffraction, we show that this optical phenomenon had been described nearly a century earlier in <i>Problemata ad perspectivam et iridem pertinentia</i> by Francesco Maurolico (1494–1575). This text probably served as a source for Grimaldi’s <i>Physico-mathesis de lumine</i>, in which Maurolico’s observation is reported almost verbatim. We must therefore backdate the discovery of diffraction to 1567 and reassign the roles. We translate the passage, reconstruct the result, and draw the consequences of this discovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"27 2","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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